202 research outputs found
Stability of the film flow passing round the cross-section elements in the area of high density irrigation
The paper studies the loss of stability of a liquid film using regular surface roughness. The model of the breakdown process is described and the conditions for the formation of a liquid film breakdown are determined experimentally. It was found that there are two characteristic modes, namely drop and film regimes. Using the methods of thermal anemometry, data were obtained on the distribution of the droplet sizes after a film breakdown and the dependence of the We number on the projection arrangement height was plotted. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 17-38-50069
Financial statements of a company as an information base for decision-making in a transforming economy
In connection with the development of transforming the economy, the need for forecasting and analyzing the consequences of managerial decisions becomes more pressing. To substantiate and evaluate such decisions, a tool for prospective analysis of financial statements of companies is used. In recent years, the content and structure of a company's financial statements have undergone significant changes. With the development of economic relations, the principles of organization and methodology of accounting and reporting are also dynamically changing. The issues of reforming financial statements of a company are constantly discussed at international congresses of accountants and other professional forums.
The purpose of the study is to improve the concept of preparing financial statements of a company as an information base for taking decisions in a transforming economy.
As a result of the research, the economic essence of company's financial statements is substantiated from the point of view of an integrated approach; the importance of financial statements of an organization for effective management is determined; the main financial and non-financial indicators are systematized; it is proposed to introduce a mandatory requirement for disclosure of non-financial indicators in the corporate reporting system; proposals have been elaborated to improve the methods for analyzing financial statements as a tool for managing a company.peer-reviewe
DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS
This paper presents results, which were obtained during investigation of 106 children with acute intestinal infections in order to determine the presence of cryptosporidia and to evaluate their intestinal microbial status. The cryptosporidia's oocysts were found in 31 of children (29,2 %) that were mainly under the 3 age old. At the same time the authors found the dysbacteriosis of the second and. third, degrees in 92,5 % of patients. Six patients (5,7 %) became cryptosporidium negative and improved their intestinal microbial status. The obtained results showed that lactobacterias containing probiotics are effective in treatment of children with acute intestinal infections for normalizing of intestinal biocenosis and. to eradicate cryptosporidia
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ«ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π Π«Π₯ ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π£ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ Π€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π Π₯Π ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ-ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’Π
Studied the comparative efficacy of probiotics with different composition of strains in the complex treatment of acute intestinal infection in 89 children with functional disorders and chronic gastrointestinal tract. Conducted a dynamic study of the intestinal microflora bacteriological method and gas-liquid chromatography with the definition of short-chain fatty acid content of the level of carbohydrates in the feces and stool data. Set different dates for stopping diarrhea and features state of the intestinal ecosystem indicators after treatment in patients receiving comprehensive probiotic containing bifidobacteria and enterococcus, or probiotic containing lactobacillus.Β ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ 89 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ.
Chlamydia pan-genomic analysis reveals balance between host adaptation and selective pressure to genome reduction
Background
Chlamydia are ancient intracellular pathogens with reduced, though strikingly conserved genome. Despite their parasitic lifestyle and isolated intracellular environment, these bacteria managed to avoid accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to subsequent genome degradation characteristic for many parasitic bacteria.
Results
We report pan-genomic analysis of sixteen species from genus Chlamydia including identification and functional annotation of orthologous genes, and characterization of gene gains, losses, and rearrangements. We demonstrate the overall genome stability of these bacteria as indicated by a large fraction of common genes with conserved genomic locations. On the other hand, extreme evolvability is confined to several paralogous gene families such as polymorphic membrane proteins and phospholipase D, and likely is caused by the pressure from the host immune system.
Conclusions
This combination of a large, conserved core genome and a small, evolvable periphery likely reflect the balance between the selective pressure towards genome reduction and the need to adapt to escape from the host immunity
Some mechanisms of inflammation development in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a disease characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. The main source of inflammation in the early stages of the disease is visceral adipose tissue (VT). Macrophages are innate immune cells that are present in all peripheral tissues, including VT. Violation of the response of VT (MT) macrophages to changes in the microenvironment underlies aberrant inflammation and the development of local and systemic insulin resistance. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at several levels: stimulation of cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling, transcription, and metabolic levels. Which are activated by the transformation of macrophages along the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Such polarization of macrophages in modern immunology is divided into classical anti-inflammatory M1 polarization and alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. The M1 / M2 ratio of macrophages in the process of inflammation ensures the resolution of inflammation at different stages of its development. The review considers the main mechanisms involved in VT inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in T2DM, supported with the participation of immunocompetent cells, M1 / M2, as well as growth factors and humoral immunity factors secreted during this process
Prevalence and Severity of Breast Arterial Calcification on Routine Mammography
Aim. To determine the frequency of detection and severity of breast arterial calcification (BAC) among women undergoing mammography on the basis of medical institutions in Moscow.Material and methods. The analysis included 4274 digital mammograms of women aged 40-93 who underwent preventive or diagnostic mammography. Standard full-format digital mammograms were performed in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. In addition to the standard diagnosis of breast disease, all mammograms were evaluated for the presence of BAC. The severity of BAC was assessed on a 12-point scale: mild 3-4 points, moderate 5-6 points, severe 7-12 points.Results. The average frequency of BAC was 10.1%, in the middle age group 50-59 years β 6.0%. The incidence of BAC increased with age, from 0.4% to 0.6% in women <50 years of age to >50% in women β₯80 years of age. A statistically significant and pronounced correlation was found between the woman's age and the presence of BAC r Pearson =0.769 (p<0.001). There was also a less noticeable but statistically significant correlation between age and severity of BAC r Spearman =0.319 (p<0.001). Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the probability of CAD depending on age. In women <50 years of age, only mild to moderate calcification occurred, while those β₯65 years of age had a significant increase in the incidence of severe CAD.Conclusion. There was an expected increase with age in both prevalence and severity of BAC. Cases of severe BAC in women younger than 65 years of age and any BAC in women younger than 50 years of age are atypical and require clarification of their association with cardiovascular and other diseases
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia can be an effective way to achieve analgesia during implantation of permanent intravenous port systems.The aim of the study was to improve the quality of perioperative analgesia during placement of permanent intravenous port systems.Material and methods. The prospective randomized study included 93 patients with malignant neoplasms. Patients were randomized into 3 groups, 31 people each, who were implanted with a permanent intravenous port system in 2019β2022. Group 1 patients were implanted under local infiltration anesthesia (LIA). Ultrasound-guided pectoral nerves block (PECS1) in group 2 was supplemented by LIA. In group 3 ultrasoundguided selective supraclavicular (SC) nerve block was supplemented with LIA. Pain intensity was assessed on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and while moving at 8, 16, 32 and 72 hours after implantation. The inflammatory postoperative stress response was assessed by the dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1-Ξ² (IL 1-Ξ²), interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also analyzed the correlation of proinflammatory cytokines levels with VAS-measured pain intensity at the stages of the study taking into account a potential relationship between IL-6 and IL-1Ξ² fluctuations and the severity of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Results. In groups 2 (PECS1) and 3 (SC nerve block), pain intensity measured by VAS at rest and while conducting daily activities was significantly lower than in group 1 (LIA). CRP levels were also significantly lower in group 2 and 3 patients as compared to group 1. The lowest IL-6 and IL-1Ξ² concentrations after port implantation were revealed in a group 3 in 24 hours after the procedure, persisting through day 3. There was a correlationbetween proinflammatory cytokines levels and pain intensity.Conclusion. Implantation of an intravenous port system under local infiltration anesthesia causes a significant inflammatory response in cancer patients, which can be balanced by regional techniques. Selective supraclavicular nerve block in combination with a local anesthesia for intravenous port implantation demonstrated the greatest analgesic potential and requires significantly reduced amounts of local anesthetic compared to pectoral nerves block in combination with LIA, or only local infiltration anesthesia.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 93 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° 3 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ 31 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π² 2019β2022 Π³Π³. ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠΠ). ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ 2-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ)+ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 3-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° (Π‘ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ (ΠΠΠ¨) Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ 100 ΠΌΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 8, 16, 32 ΠΈ 72 Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (Π‘Π Π), ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° 1-Ξ² (IL 1-Ξ²), ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6 (IL-6). Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-1Ξ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΠ¨ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
2 (ΠΠΠ) ΠΈ 3 (Π‘ΠΠΠ) Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΠ¨ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 1 (ΠΠΠ). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π Π Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 2-ΠΉ ΠΈ 3-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ IL-6 ΠΈ IL-1Ξ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² 3-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ IL-6 Π² ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° 3-ΠΈ ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ β ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Assessment of the Severity of Breast Artery Calcification on a Mammogram: Intraoperator and Interoperator Reproducibility
Purpose. To study approaches to the quantitative assessment of breast arterial calcification (BAC) β a new surrogate marker of high cardiovascular risk in women, to determine the most detailed way to quantify BAC and to assess the reproducibility of these parameters.Material and methods. Mammograms of 1,078 women were analyzed for the presence of BAC. The intraoperator reproducibility of the assessment of the severity of BAC using a 12-point scale (Margolies L et al., 2016) was studied by analyzing 20 mammograms by the same operator twice with an interval of at least 2 weeks. Inter-operator reproducibility was studied by analyzing 99 mammograms by two independent operators.Results. When assessing the intraoperative reproducibility of the total score for each mammary gland, the exact coincidence of the results was noted in 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53.5-83.4), in cases of difference of no more than 1 point β in 27.5% (95%CI 14.6-43.9), only in 1 case the difference in assessments was 2 points. No systematic error was found between the two measurements (p=1.0), the correlation coefficient was rs=0.973. The assessment of inter-operator reproducibility showed that the exact coincidence of indicators was present in 48.5% (95%CI 41.3-55.7), in 91.4% (95% CI 86.6-94.9) cases, the total score for each the mammary gland differed by no more than 1 point. There was no systematic error between the measurements of the two experts (p=0.438), the correlation coefficient was rs=0.942.Conclusion. A good intraoperator and interoperator reproducibility of indicators of the severity of BAC on a 12-point scale has been shown, which makes it possible to recommend it for use in science and practice
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