Mathematical Methods for the Analysis of Polycrystal Phase Evolutions

Two methods for an automatic analysis of the temporal evolution of a multiphase polycrystalline sample are described: The Upeak method, analyzing the spectra formally, i.e., carrying the peak search in them, and so describing the evolution in terms of spectral peaks, or having made additionally the autoindexing of the found peaks, preparing the crystallographic information for the Rietveld analysis

Tolvstegsmodellen : en studie om en tolvstegsbaserad behandlingsinstitution för kvinnor med missbruksproblematik

Föreliggande studie redogör för en undersökning av en behandlingsinstitution för kvinnor med missbruksproblematik. Behandlingsinstitutionen tillämpar tolvstegsmodellen som en behandlingsmetod. Syftet med studien är att undersöka klienters åsikter och synpunkter kring tolvstegsmodellen. Arbetet har vidare som syfte att redogöra för eventuella påverkan klienter i inlednings- och slutskedet av behandlingen upplever att behandlingen på behandlingsinstitutionen har/haft på dem. Metoden jag valde var kvalitativaforskningsintervjuer. Jag har valt att analysera intervjuerna utifrån symbolisk interaktionism. Resultatet från intervjuerna påvisar att klienternas upplevelser skiljer sig i inlednings och slutskedet av behandlingen. Vårdade kvinnor i inledningsskedet av behandlingen upplever att det finns onödiga behandlingsarbeten i programmet. Däremot har vårdade kvinnorna i slutskedet skapat sig en helt annan uppfattning av metoden än vad de hade i början av behandlingen

Tuning the high-temperature properties of Pr2NiO4+δ by simultaneous Pr- and Ni-cation replacement

Novel Pr2-xSrxNi1-xCoxO4±δ (x = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75) oxides with the tetragonal K2NiF4-type structure have been prepared. Room-temperature neutron powder diffraction (NPD) study of x = 0.25 and 0.75 phases together with iodometric titration results have shown the formation of hyperstoichiometric oxide for x = 0.25 (δ = 0.09(2)) and a stoichiometric one for x = 0.75. High-temperature X-ray powder diffraction (HT XRPD) showed substantial anisotropy of the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) along the a- and c-axis of the crystal structure, which increases with increasing the Co content from TEC(c)/TEC(a) = 2.4 (x = 0.25) to 4.3 (x = 0.75). High-temperature NPD (HT NPD) study of the x = 0.75 sample reveals that a very high expansion of the axial (Ni/Co)-O bonds (75.7 ppm K-1 in comparison with 9.1 ppm K-1 for equatorial ones) is responsible for such behaviour, and is caused by a temperature-induced transition between low- and high-spin states of Co3+. This scenario has been confirmed by high-temperature magnetization measurements on a series of Pr2-xSrxNi1-xCoxO4±δ samples. For compositions with high Ni content (x = 0.25 and 0.5) we synthesised K2NiF4-type oxides Pr2-x-ySrx+y(Ni1-xCox)O4±δ, y = 0.0-0.75 (x = 0.25); y = 0.0-0.5 (x = 0.5). The studies of the TEC, high-temperature electrical conductivity in air, chemical stability of the prepared compounds in oxygen and toward interaction with Ce2-xGdxO2-x/2 (GDC) at high temperatures reveal optimal behaviour of Pr1.35Sr0.65Ni0.75Co0.25O4+δ. This compound shows stability in oxygen at 900°C and does not react with GDC at least up to 1200°C. It features low TEC of 13 ppm K-1 and high-temperature electrical conductivity in air of 280 S cm-1 at 900°C, thus representing a promising composition for use as a cathode material in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016