ОЦЕНКА ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ ОСНОВНЫМИ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННО ЦЕННЫМИ ПРИЗНАКАМИ РАЗНОВИДНОСТЕЙ САЛАТА ЛАТУКА

Expanding the range of vegetable crops, including green ones, through the introduction of new varieties into production is an important task. The study and evaluation of the original material of the salad, the features of cultivation in different periods, will allow to identify samples of a complex of economically valuable traits for the selection of culture, which is relevant for the creation of varieties in Belarus. Research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of horticulture of the Belarusian state agricultural Academy in 2013-2015. The article assesses the relationship between the main economically valuable features of varieties of lettuce when grown in the spring (seedling method) and spring and summer sowing in the open ground. In lettuce plants of the headed variety, the sign “the mass of the vegetative part of the plant” strongly depends on the sign “diameter of the head” (r=0.640 - with the seedling method and r=0.809 - with the spring sowing period), “leaf width” (r=0.685 and r=0.790, respectively). A high connection is also established between the signs "leaf length" and "leaf width" (r=0.702 - with the spring sowing period and r=0.749 - with the seedling method). In leaf lettuce plants, a strong correlation was noted between the signs “leaf length” and “plant height” (r=0.706 for summer and r=0.810 for spring planting), diameter of the rosette of leaves (r=0.564 for summer and r=0.810 - at the spring sowing time). The average feedback for leaf lettuce varieties is revealed between the signs “leaf width” and “number of leaves” (r=-0.444 - for spring and r=-0.458 - for summer sowing time). The majority of morphological signs, depending on the time of cultivation, are related to each other by average correlation links (the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.458 to 0.531).Расширение ассортимента овощных культур, в том числе и зеленных, за счет внедрения в производство новых сортов, является важной задачей. Изучение и оценка исходного материала салата, особенностей выращивания в различные сроки, позволит выделить образцы по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков для селекции культуры, что является актуальным для создания сортов в Беларуси. Исследования проводили на опытном поле кафедры плодоовощеводства УО «Белорусская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия» в 2013-2015 годах. В статье дана оценка взаимосвязей между основными хозяйственно ценными признаками разновидностей салата-латука при выращивании в весенний (рассадный способ) и весенний и летний посев в открытом грунте. У растений салата кочанной разновидности признак «масса вегетативной части растения» в сильной степени зависит от признака «диаметр кочана» (r=0,640 – при рассадном способе и r=0,809 – при весеннем сроке посева), «ширина листа» (r=0,685 и r= 0,790, соответственно). Высокая связь установлена также между признаками «длина листа» и «ширина листа» (r =0,702 – при весеннем сроке посева и r=0,749 – при рассадном способе). У растений листового салата сильная корреляционная зависимость отмечена между признаками «длина листа» и «высота растения» (r=0,706 – при летнем и r= 0,810 – при весеннем сроке посева), «диаметр розетки листьев» (r=0,564 – при летнем и r=0,810 – при весеннем сроках посева). Средняя обратная связь у сортов салата листового выявлена между признаками «ширина листа» и «количество листьев» (r=-0,444 – при весеннем и r=-0,458 – при летнем сроке посева). Большинство морфологических признаков в зависимости от сроков выращивания связаны друг с другом средними корреляционными связями (коэффициент корреляции составил от 0,458 до 0,531)

Bound states at the interface between antiferromagnets and superconductors

We present a detailed theoretical investigation of interfaces and junctions involving itinerant antiferromagnets. By solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations with a tight-binding model on a square lattice, we study both the self-consistent order parameter fields proximate to interfaces between antiferromagnets (AF) and s-wave (sSC) or d-wave (dSC) superconductors, the dispersion of quasiparticle subgap states at interfaces and interlayers, and the local density of states (LDOS) as a function of distance from the interface. In addition, we present the quasiclassical approach to interfaces and junctions involving itinerant antiferromagnets developed in an earlier paper. Analytical results are in excellent agreement with what we obtain numerically. Strong effects of pair breaking in the presence of low-energy interface Andreev states are found in particular for AF/sSC interfaces when interface potentials are not too high. Potential barriers induce additional extrema in the dispersive quasiparticle spectra with corresponding peaks in the LDOS. Discrete quasiparticle dispersive levels in AF - normal metal (N) - AF systems are found to strongly depend on the misorientation angle of the magnetizations in the two antiferromagnets.Comment: 21 pp, 21 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Synthesis and anаlgеsic properties of (3-allyl-4-aryl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]amine derivatives

In recent years, attention to itself attracted by the problem of pain treatment, which is due to a noticeable increase in patients, especially the able-bodied age. The aim of the study was to synthesize substances with potentially analgesic properties in the series of hydrobromides (3-allyl-4-aryl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]amine and to study the effect of the synthesized compounds on the analgesic activity. The objects of the study were (3-allyl-4-aryl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]amine derivatives, which were synthesized by boiling a thiourea with the corresponding α-haloketones in ethanol medium. Data of NMR 1H spectroscopy were used. The primary evaluation of analgesic activity was carried out on models of thermal («Hot plate») and chemical («Acetic acid cramps») stimulation. A new series of (3-allyl-4-aryl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]amine derivatives were synthesized and their structure and purity were confirmed by NMR 1H spectroscopy. The analgesic activity of hydrobromide 3-allyl-4-phenyl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]amine were studied to identify the «structure‒activity» relationship taking into account earlier studies. Screening for analgesic activity for the hydrobromide 3-allyl-4-phenyl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)-[4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)phenyl]-amine were shown that the replacement of the ethyl radical by allyl in the third position of the thiazole ring leads to a decrease in analgesic activity. Moreover, the compound possesses a moderate analgesic effect compared to the reference drug ketorolac

Evaluation of individual informativity of features used to analyze the results of echocardiography automatically

Evaluation results of individual informativity of features used for analyzing ultrasonic images of the left ventricle of the heart is provided. With the 5% significance level all features have good individual separation capacity. So, they can be used for classify-ing pixels of the image into two classes - background pixels and the pixels of the left ventricle.Приведены результаты оценки индивидуальной информативности признаков, которые используются для анализа ультразвуковых изображений левого желудочка сердца. С уровнем значимости 5 % все признаки обладают хорошей индивидуальной разделительной способностью, а значит могут быть использованы для классификации пикселей изображения на два класса – пиксели фона и пиксели области левого желудочка

Determinants of HIV-1 Late Presentation in Patients Followed in Europe

To control the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the 90-90-90 target to be reached by 2020. One major threat to those goals is late presentation, which is defined as an individual presenting a TCD4+ count lower than 350 cells/mm3 or an AIDS-defining event. The present study aims to identify determinants of late presentation in Europe based on the EuResist database with HIV-1 infected patients followed-up between 1981 and 2019. Our study includes clinical and socio-demographic information from 89,851 HIV-1 infected patients. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio and SPSS and a Bayesian network was constructed with the WEKA software to analyze the association between all variables. Among 89851 HIV-1 infected patients included in the analysis, the median age was 33 (IQR: 27.0–41.0) years and 74.4% were males. Of those, 28,889 patients (50.4%) were late presenters. Older patients (>56), heterosexuals, patients originated from Africa and patients presenting with log VL >4.1 had a higher probability of being late presenters (p < 0.001). Bayesian networks indicated VL, mode of transmission, age and recentness of infection as variables that were directly associated with LP. This study highlights the major determinants associated with late presentation in Europe. This study helps to direct prevention measures for this population

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИРОДНЫХ И ОБОГАЩЕННЫХ КАОЛИНОВ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

IR-spectroscopic results of study of primary kaolins of the Belarusian deposits «Sitnica» and «Dedovka» in a natural state and enriched by hydraulic sieve method are presented. The structural features of Belarusian kaolins as compared with known high-quality kaolin of Ukrainian deposits «Prosyanovskoe» are revealed, the values of crystallinity index are determined. Analysis of IR-spectra in the high-frequency region allowed us to establish the water connection forms in natural and enriched kaolins, the presence of OH-groups in the interlayer space, inside and on the surface of the octahedral layer and adsorbed water molecules, which can affect the rheology of kaolin suspensions. Silicate absorption band of kaolin, as well as intense peaks of deformation vibrations of quartz, typical for unenriched natural kaolin of Belarusian deposits, are in the lowfrequency region. Investigation using IR-spectroscopy made it possible to establish the structural features of natural kaolins related to the presence in the primary kaolin of the «Sitnitsa» and «Dedovka» deposits of the mineral of the kaolinite group of dikkite. The crystallinity index values (according to Hinckley) are established for natural and enriched kaolins «Sitnica» (0.94 and 1.11) and «Dedovka» (0.98 and 1.04) in comparison with kaolins of Prosyanovskoye deposit (1.31). Представлены результаты ИК-спектроскопического исследования первичных каолинов белорусских месторождений «Ситница» и «Дедовка» в природном состоянии и обогащенном гидравлическим ситовым способом. Выявлены структурные особенности каолинов Республики Беларусь по сравнению с известным высококачественным каолином украинского месторождения «Просяновское», определены значения индекса кристалличности. Анализ ИК-спектров в высокочастотной области позволил установить формы связи воды в природном и обогащенном каолинах, наличие ОН-групп в межслоевом пространстве, внутри и на поверхности октаэдрического слоя, а также адсорбированных молекул воды, что может оказать влияние на реологические свойства каолиновых суспензий. В низкочастотной области сосредоточены полосы поглощения силикатных структур каолинов, а также интенсивные пики деформацинных колебаний кварца, характерные для природных необогащенных каолинов белорусских месторождений. Исследование с помощью ИК-спектроскопии позволило установить структурные особенности природных каолинов, связанные с присутствием в первичных каолинах месторождений «Ситница» и «Дедовка» минерала каолинитовой группы диккита. Определены значения показателя индекса кристалличности (по Хинкли) для природных и обогащенных каолинов «Ситница» (0,94 и 1,11) и «Дедовка» (0,98 и 1,04) в сравнении с известным просяновским каолином (1,31).

Анальгезивна та протизапальна дії похідних 5,7-діацил- 3-H(алкіл)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]тріазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазину

The search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, exceeding by efficacy and/or safety the existinganalogues is very important and relevant. The nitrogenous heterocycles are promising in this respect, in particular,the compounds containing an imidazole triazol and tіadiazin moiety. The aim of the current study was to investigatethe antiexudative and antinociceptive activity of new derivatives of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkyl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine.The antinociceptive and antiexudative activity studies were carried out on the white nonlinear mice. Theexperimental evaluation of specific activity was carried out on the models “Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing(antinociceptive action) and carrageenan edema (antiexudative action). The substance was used in a single oral routadministration in a dose of 25 mg/kg. Ketorolac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg (models“Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing). Diclofenac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg onthe model carrageenan edema. The experimental study showed the antinociceptive and antiexudative effects of thederivatives. The antinociceptive activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivatiesrelated to the modification structure in the para position of benzene ring. The antiexudative activity is associated withacetyl groups thiadiazine ring. The most promising compound IFT_247 showed a significant antinociceptive effect,which is comparable to an active comparator ketorolac: “Hot plate” +232.46 % and +112.71 %; acetic acid inducedwrithing -66.67 % and -61.02 %, respectively.Поиск новых анальгезирующих и противовоспалительных препаратов, превосходящих по эффектив-ности и/или безопасности существующие аналоги, важен и актуален. В этом отношении перспективныазотистые гетероциклы, в частности соединения, содержащие в себе триазоловый и тиадиазиновыйфрагменты.Была поставлена цель исследовать антиноцицептивную и антиэксудативную активность новыхпроизводных 5,7-диацил-3-H(алкил)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тиадиазина.Исследование проведено на белых нелинейных мышах обоего пола. Оценено антиноцицептивную иантиэксудативную активность пяти производных 5,7-диацил-3-H(алкил)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тиадиазина на моделях “горячей пластины, уксуснокислых “корчей” (антиноцицептивный эффект)и каррагенинового отека (антиэкссудативное действие) при однократном внутрижелудочном введении вдозе 25 мг/кг. В качестве препаратов сравнения использовали кеторолак в дозе 25 мг/кг (“горячая пласти-на”, уксуснокислые “корчи”) и диклофенак натрия в дозе 25 мг/кг (каррагениновый отек). Исследованныесоединения показали наличие достоверного антиноцицептивного и антиэкссудативного эффектов.Антиноцицептивная активность ряда связана с модификацией структуры 5,7-диацил-3-H(алкил)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тиадиазина в параположении бензольного кольца. Антиэкссудативнаяактивность – с ацетиловыми группами тиадиазинового кольца. Наиболее перспективным являетсясоединение IFT_247, проявляющее значительный анальгезирующий эффект в эксперименте и не усту-пающее по активности препарату сравнения – кеторолаку: “горячая пластина” – +232,46 и +112,71 %;уксуснокислые “корчи” – -66,67 и -61,02 % соответственно.Пошук нових анальгезивних і протизапальних препаратів, що переважають за ефективністю та/абобезпекою існуючі аналоги, є важливим і актуальним. У цьому відношенні перспективні азотисті гетеро-цикли, зокрема сполуки, що містять у собі тріазоловий і тіадіазиновий фрагменти.Було поставлено мету дослідити антиноцицептивну та антиексудативну активність нових похідних5,7-діацил-3-H(алкіл)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]тріазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазину.Дослідження проведено на білих нелінійних мишах обох статей. Оцінено антиноцицептивну йантиексудативну активність п’яти похідних 5,7-діацил-3-H(алкіл)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]тріазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазину на моделях “гарячої пластини”, оцтовокислих “корчів” (антиноцицептивний ефект) ікарагенінового набряку (антиексудативна дія) при одноразовому внутрішньошлунковому введенні в дозі25 мг/кг. Як препарати порівняння використовували кеторолак у дозі 25 мг/кг (“гаряча пластина”, оцтовокислі“корчі”) і диклофенак натрію в дозі 25 мг/кг (карагеніновий набряк). Досліджені сполуки показали наявністьдостовірного антиноцицептивного й антиексудативного ефектів. Антиноцицептивна активністьряду пов’язана з модифікацією структури 5,7-діацил-3-H(алкіл)-6-арил-5Н-[1,2,4]тріазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазину в параположенні бензольного кільця. Антиексудативна активність – з ацетиловими групамитіадіазинового кільця. Найбільш перспективною є сполука IFT_247, що проявляє значний анальгезивнийефект в експерименті й не поступається за активністю препарату порівняння – кеторолаку: “гарячапластина” – +232,46 і +112,71 %; оцтовокислі “корчі” – -66,67 і -61,02 % відповідно

Synthetic Fragments of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Bind Beta-Amyloid 1–40 and Protect Primary Brain Cells From Beta-Amyloid Toxicity

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. We have previously revealed that RAGE fragment sequence (60–76) and its shortened analogs sequence (60–70) and (60–65) under intranasal insertion were able to restore memory and improve morphological and biochemical state of neurons in the brain of bulbectomized mice developing major AD features. In the current study, we have investigated the ability of RAGE peptide (60–76) and five shortened analogs to bind beta-amyloid (Aβ) 1–40 in an fluorescent titration test and show that all the RAGE fragments apart from one [sequence (65–76)] were able to bind Aβ in vitro. Moreover, we show that all RAGE fragments apart from the shortest one (60–62), were able to protect neuronal primary cultures from amyloid toxicity, by preventing the caspase 3 activation induced by Aβ 1–42. We have compared the data obtained in the present research with the previously published data in the animal model of AD, and offer a probable mechanism of neuroprotection of the RAGE peptide

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health