High-cycle fatigue induced twinning in CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

High-cycle fatigue (R=0.1, room temperature) induced microstructural evolution in a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additively manufactured quaternary CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was studied. The as-built material exhibited a combined and texture and high proportion of low-angle boundaries. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that deformation twinning occurred under the high-cycle fatigue of σmax= 450 MPa (Nf=1.06 ×105), but not for the stress level of 300 MPa and 200 MPa. The deformation twins led to the cyclic softening, as manifested by the continuous increase of maximum strain under the stress-controlled fatigue, and the hardness increased by ∼80 HV0.2 in the post-fatigued condition. EBSD revealed that both the and orientations were favorable for the twin formation. Given that the size of grains with the and orientations was twice larger than those of the other orientations, the grain size effect on twin formation could play a certain role. High-resolution TEM revealed that the full dislocations, lattice distortion, stacking faults, and partial dislocations were associated with the twin, cellular and labyrinth wall-like dislocation structures. The underlying mechanism for the formation of nano-twins during high-stress fatigue involved the dissociation of 1/2 full dislocations to 1/6 partial ones. Moreover, the dislocation cell structure as observed in the as-built condition evolved into sub-grains after the high-cycle fatigue loading, with the immensely dense dislocations at the sub-grain boundary

(A) Northern blot analysis of the time course of changes in retinal gene expression when HDAC activity was inhibited in P2 mouse retinal explants

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for the expression of critical photoreceptor genes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/78</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():78-78.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914050.</p><p></p> (B) Effect of HDAC inhibition on Nrl and Crx expression in P21 mouse retinal explants by Northern blot analysis

(A) Effect of protein synthesis inhibition on the downregulation of Nrl and Crx by TSA

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for the expression of critical photoreceptor genes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/78</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():78-78.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914050.</p><p></p> P2 retinal explant cultures were treated with TSA, TSA plus cycloheximide, or DMSO for 3 hours, followed by Northern blot analysis. (B) Effect of HDAC inhibition on histone acetylation by western blot analysis. (C) Effect of HDAC inhibition on the acetylation of non-histone proteins by western blot analysis. The blot was sequentially probed with a pan acetyl-lysine antibodyn (top blot), an acetyl-tubulin antibody (middle blot), and an α-tubulin antibody (bottom blot)

Northern blot analysis of the expression of Otx2, Nrl, and Crx when P2 mouse retinal explants were treated with 1 μM TSA or DMSO for 3 hours

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Requirement of histone deacetylase activity for the expression of critical photoreceptor genes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/78</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():78-78.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914050.</p><p></p

Liposuction-assisted circumferential trimming in treatment of axillary osmidrosis (AO)

<p><b>Background:</b> The study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the minimally invasive treatment for axillary osmidrosis by liposuction assisted circumferential trimming.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> It was a retrospective study. From July 2014 to July 2017, 79 patients underwent superficial liposuction and circumferential trimming for bilateral axillary osmidrosis. The preoperative and postoperative degree of axillary malodor was measured by doctors and the patients themselves. In the doctor’s evaluation, the odor levels were scored by the sniffing method before and 1 year after treatment. In the patient’s self-assessment, each patient selected a scale value to convey his/her satisfaction during the visits after 1 year. The complications were recorded.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 24 months after surgery, and the mean follow-up period was 16 months. 75 (94.9%) had good results, four (5.1%) had moderate malodor or recurrence after one year. When considering patient’s own satisfaction, 93.7% (74/79) of patients were satisfied with the outcomes after one year. The partial epidermis necrosis was observed in four patients, it healed spontaneously without scarring. Three patients had a small amount of hematoma which was easily evacuated through the central primary incision. There was no other serious side effect.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The liposuction assisted circumferential trimming technique is proved reliable and safe in treatment for axillary osmidrosis.</p

Schutzkommission beim Bundesministerium des Innern Vortraege auf der Tagung

Copy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Effect of Acidity on Ice Nucleation by Inorganic–Organic Mixed Droplets

Aerosol acidity significantly influences heterogeneous chemical reactions and human health. Additionally, acidity may play a role in cloud formation by modifying the ice nucleation properties of inorganic and organic aerosols. In this work, we combined our well-established ice nucleation technique with Raman microspectroscopy to study ice nucleation in representative inorganic and organic aerosols across a range of pH conditions (pH −0.1 to 5.5). Homogeneous nucleation was observed in systems containing ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and sucrose. In contrast, droplets containing ammonium sulfate mixed with diethyl sebacate, poly(ethylene glycol) 400, and 1,2,6-hexanetriol were found to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation, exhibiting core–shell morphologies with observed initiation of heterogeneous freezing in the cores. Our experimental findings demonstrate that an increased acidity reduces the ice nucleation ability of droplets. Changes in the ratio of bisulfate to sulfate coincided with shifts in ice nucleation temperatures, suggesting that the presence of bisulfate may decrease the ice nucleation efficiency. We also report on how the morphology and viscosity impact ice nucleation properties. This study aims to enhance our fundamental understanding of acidity’s effect on ice nucleation ability, providing context for the role of acidity in atmospheric ice cloud formation

In Situ Observation and Growth Kinetics of Bainite Laths in the Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of 2.25Cr-1Mo Heat-Resistant Steel During Simulated Welding

Austenite → bainite transformation has been documented in situ by confocal scanning laser microscope, and bainite growth kinetics has been quantified in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. Four typical nucleation sites of bainite laths have been identified. In addition, growth rate of nine distinctive bainite laths varies from 9 to 200 μm/s, depending on the degree of supercooling and nucleation sites of bainite laths

(C₃N₆H₇)₂SbF₅·H₂O Exhibiting Strong Optical Anisotropy from the Optimal Arrangement of π‑Conjugated (C₃N₆H₇)⁺ Groups

An antimony fluoride melamine birefringent crystal, (C3N6H7)2SbF5·H2O, was obtained by introducing the π-conjugated delocalized melamine and antimony trifluoride via a simple aqueous solution evaporation method. It features one-dimensional parallel [C3N6H7]∞ chains further connected by hydrogen bonds originated from [SbF5]2– groups with lone pairs. The experimental optical band gap (4.74 eV) allows it to be used in the ultraviolet region. The first-principles calculations suggest that (C3N6H7)2SbF5·H2O exhibits a large birefringence (∼0.38@550 nm), which is twice larger than that of the commercial CaCO3 crystal. Therefore, introducing the fluoride into π-conjugated melamine may be a good tactic to obtain birefringent crystals with large optical anisotropy

Accuracy of Lung Ultrasonography versus Chest Radiography for the Diagnosis of Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is being increasingly utilized in emergency and critical settings. We performed a systematic review of the current literature to compare the accuracy of LUS and chest radiography (CR) for the diagnosis of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We searched in Pub Med, EMBASE dealing with both LUS and CR for diagnosis of adult CAP, and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in comparison with CR. The diagnostic standard that the index test compared was the hospital discharge diagnosis or the result of chest computed tomography scan as a “gold standard”. We calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity using the Mantel-Haenszel method and pooled diagnostic odds ratio using the DerSimonian-Laird method. Five articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Using hospital discharge diagnosis as reference, LUS had a pooled sensitivity of 0.95 (0.93-0.97) and a specificity of 0.90 (0.86 to 0.94), CR had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (0.73 to 0.80) and a specificity of 0.91 (0.87 to 0.94). LUS and CR compared with computed tomography scan in 138 patients in total, the Z statistic of the two summary receiver operating characteristic was 3.093 (P = 0.002), the areas under the curve for LUS and CR were 0.901 and 0.590, respectively. Our study indicates that LUS can help to diagnosis adult CAP by clinicians and the accuracy was better compared with CR using chest computed tomography scan as the gold standard.</p></div