The effects of therapeutic ultrasound on open wounds

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound (US) therapy in the treatment of open wounds as an adjunct to the usual and customary treatment provided by physical therapists. An exhaustive search of all published studies on the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on open wounds was performed. Every article, which met certain criteria, was reviewed in detail. Criteria included the use of human subjects, animal subjects, or human cells in vitro, publication in referred journals indexed by MEDLINE, CINAHL and availability of full text in the English language. Fourteen studies met the selection criteria. A total of 31 possible outcomes were available from these studies. Outcomes were categorized as positive, negative or non-significant. The results indicated a total of seventeen positives, eight negatives and six non-significant outcomes. The results of the analysis indicate that there is evidence in the literature to suggest that therapeutic US is beneficial in the treatment of open wounds

Identification and characterization of polyhomeotic PREs and TREs

AbstractThe polyhomeotic (ph) gene is a member of the Polycomb group of genes (Pc-G), which are required for the maintenance of the spatial expression pattern of homeotic genes. In contrast to homeotic genes, ph is ubiquitously expressed and it is quantitatively regulated. ph is negatively regulated by the Pc-G genes, except Psc, and positively regulated by the antagonist trithorax group of genes (trx-G), suggesting that Pc-G and trx-G response elements (PREs and TREs) exist at the ph locus. In this study, we have functionally characterized PREs and TREs at the ph locus that function in transgenic constructs. We have identified a strong PRE and TRE in the ph proximal unit as well as a weak one in the ph distal unit. The PRE/TRE of both ph units appear atypical compared with the well-defined homeotic maintenance elements because the minimal ph proximal response element activity requires at least 2 kb of sequence and does not work at long range. We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments on cultured cells and embryos to show that Pc-G proteins are located in restricted regions, close to the ph promoters that overlap functionally defined PRE/TREs. Our data suggest that ph PRE/TREs are cis-acting DNA elements that modulate rather than silence Pc-G- and trx-G-mediated regulation, enlarging the role of these two groups of genes in transcriptional regulation

Developmental Stability: A Major Role for Cyclin G in Drosophila melanogaster

Morphological consistency in metazoans is remarkable given the pervasive occurrence of genetic variation, environmental effects, and developmental noise. Developmental stability, the ability to reduce developmental noise, is a fundamental property of multicellular organisms, yet its genetic bases remains elusive. Imperfect bilateral symmetry, or fluctuating asymmetry, is commonly used to estimate developmental stability. We observed that Drosophila melanogaster overexpressing Cyclin G (CycG) exhibit wing asymmetry clearly detectable by sight. Quantification of wing size and shape using geometric morphometrics reveals that this asymmetry is a genuine—but extreme—fluctuating asymmetry. Overexpression of CycG indeed leads to a 40-fold increase of wing fluctuating asymmetry, which is an unprecedented effect, for any organ and in any animal model, either in wild populations or mutants. This asymmetry effect is not restricted to wings, since femur length is affected as well. Inactivating CycG by RNAi also induces fluctuating asymmetry but to a lesser extent. Investigating the cellular bases of the phenotypic effects of CycG deregulation, we found that misregulation of cell size is predominant in asymmetric flies. In particular, the tight negative correlation between cell size and cell number observed in wild-type flies is impaired when CycG is upregulated. Our results highlight the role of CycG in the control of developmental stability in D. melanogaster. Furthermore, they show that wing developmental stability is normally ensured via compensatory processes between cell growth and cell proliferation. We discuss the possible role of CycG as a hub in a genetic network that controls developmental stability

The Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto Interacts with Cyclin G in Drosophila

BACKGROUND: Polycomb (PcG) and trithorax (trxG) genes encode proteins involved in the maintenance of gene expression patterns, notably Hox genes, throughout development. PcG proteins are required for long-term gene repression whereas TrxG proteins are positive regulators that counteract PcG action. PcG and TrxG proteins form large complexes that bind chromatin at overlapping sites called Polycomb and Trithorax Response Elements (PRE/TRE). A third class of proteins, so-called "Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb" (ETP), interacts with either complexes, behaving sometimes as repressors and sometimes as activators. The role of ETP proteins is largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a two-hybrid screen, we identified Cyclin G (CycG) as a partner of the Drosophila ETP Corto. Inactivation of CycG by RNA interference highlights its essential role during development. We show here that Corto and CycG directly interact and bind to each other in embryos and S2 cells. Moreover, CycG is targeted to polytene chromosomes where it co-localizes at multiple sites with Corto and with the PcG factor Polyhomeotic (PH). We observed that corto is involved in maintaining Abd-B repression outside its normal expression domain in embryos. This could be achieved by association between Corto and CycG since both proteins bind the regulatory element iab-7 PRE and the promoter of the Abd-B gene. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that CycG could regulate the activity of Corto at chromatin and thus be involved in changing Corto from an Enhancer of TrxG into an Enhancer of PcG

Gestion des déchets radioactifs et marquage sonore de site : modèles et outils conceptuels pour une signalétique pérenne

The radioactive waste burial project, Cigéo (Industrial centre for geological disposal), provides for the storage of French nuclear waste, 500 metres underground, between Meuse and Haute-Marne. The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) leads the infrastructure project to store the waste long term, since radioactive decay can extend from five centuries to 100,000 years. Such a project certainly represents a technical challenge, but it also represents a cultural challenge: how does one create and preserve the memory of the existence of this storage facility? The Memory program, piloted by Andra, funds research on the carriers and the messages likely to generate and maintain a collective memory of the landfill site, in the (very) long term. Our research questions the capacity of sound to transmit a stable message and contribute to creating a lasting memory. We therefore seek to identify and conceive discourses whose meaning could be understood by individuals from various cultural backgrounds, and which are likely to continually exist on a multi-secular scale. This work proceeds to an inventory of the problems linked to such a project. They approach the role and place of sound within the memory system, and in interaction with the other discursive modalities that will compose it. We explore the relevant theoretical horizons in order to describe and understand how sound makes sense. Finally, the analysis of data from surveys on sound perception allows us to discuss theoretical contributions and specify the relevant research horizons for the description of sound meaning, and the development of tools for the design of sound signage.Le projet d'enfouissement de déchets radioactifs baptisé Cigéo (Centre industriel de stockage géologique), prévoit le stockage de déchets nucléaires français à 500 mètres sous terre, entre la Meuse et la Haute-Marne. L'Agence Nationale de Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (Andra) mène le projet d'infrastructure permettant de stocker les déchets sur le très long terme, du fait que la décroissance radioactive peut s'étendre de 5 siècles à 100 000 ans. Un tel projet représente un défi technique et culturel: comment créer et conserver la mémoire de l'existence du stockage? Le programme Mémoire, piloté par l'Andra, finance des recherches portant sur les supports et messages susceptibles de générer et porter une mémoire collective du site d'enfouissement, et ce sur le (très) long terme. Notre recherche interroge la capacité du son à transmettre un message stable et contribuer à créer cette mémoire durable. Nous recherchons donc à identifier et concevoir des discours dont le sens serait partagé par des individus d'appartenance culturelles variées, et susceptibles de perdurer à échelle pluriséculaire. Ces travaux procèdent à un inventaire des problématiques liées à un tel projet. Ils approchent le rôle et la place du son au sein du dispositif mémoriel, et en interaction avec les autres modalités discursives qui le composeront. Nous y explorons les horizons théoriques pertinents en vue de décrire et comprendre comment le son fait sens. Enfin, l'analyse de données tirées d'enquêtes sur la perception sonore nous permet de discuter les apports théoriques et préciser les horizons de recherches pertinents pour la description de la signification sonore et le développement d'outils servant la conception d'une signalétique sonore

Gestion des déchets radioactifs et marquage sonore de site : modèles et outils conceptuels pour une signalétique pérenne

The radioactive waste burial project, Cigéo (Industrial centre for geological disposal), provides for the storage of French nuclear waste, 500 metres underground, between Meuse and Haute-Marne. The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) leads the infrastructure project to store the waste long term, since radioactive decay can extend from five centuries to 100,000 years. Such a project certainly represents a technical challenge, but it also represents a cultural challenge: how does one create and preserve the memory of the existence of this storage facility? The Memory program, piloted by Andra, funds research on the carriers and the messages likely to generate and maintain a collective memory of the landfill site, in the (very) long term. Our research questions the capacity of sound to transmit a stable message and contribute to creating a lasting memory. We therefore seek to identify and conceive discourses whose meaning could be understood by individuals from various cultural backgrounds, and which are likely to continually exist on a multi-secular scale. This work proceeds to an inventory of the problems linked to such a project. They approach the role and place of sound within the memory system, and in interaction with the other discursive modalities that will compose it. We explore the relevant theoretical horizons in order to describe and understand how sound makes sense. Finally, the analysis of data from surveys on sound perception allows us to discuss theoretical contributions and specify the relevant research horizons for the description of sound meaning, and the development of tools for the design of sound signage.Le projet d'enfouissement de déchets radioactifs baptisé Cigéo (Centre industriel de stockage géologique), prévoit le stockage de déchets nucléaires français à 500 mètres sous terre, entre la Meuse et la Haute-Marne. L'Agence Nationale de Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (Andra) mène le projet d'infrastructure permettant de stocker les déchets sur le très long terme, du fait que la décroissance radioactive peut s'étendre de 5 siècles à 100 000 ans. Un tel projet représente un défi technique et culturel: comment créer et conserver la mémoire de l'existence du stockage? Le programme Mémoire, piloté par l'Andra, finance des recherches portant sur les supports et messages susceptibles de générer et porter une mémoire collective du site d'enfouissement, et ce sur le (très) long terme. Notre recherche interroge la capacité du son à transmettre un message stable et contribuer à créer cette mémoire durable. Nous recherchons donc à identifier et concevoir des discours dont le sens serait partagé par des individus d'appartenance culturelles variées, et susceptibles de perdurer à échelle pluriséculaire. Ces travaux procèdent à un inventaire des problématiques liées à un tel projet. Ils approchent le rôle et la place du son au sein du dispositif mémoriel, et en interaction avec les autres modalités discursives qui le composeront. Nous y explorons les horizons théoriques pertinents en vue de décrire et comprendre comment le son fait sens. Enfin, l'analyse de données tirées d'enquêtes sur la perception sonore nous permet de discuter les apports théoriques et préciser les horizons de recherches pertinents pour la description de la signification sonore et le développement d'outils servant la conception d'une signalétique sonore

Nuclear waste management and sound site marking : models and conceptual tools for sustainable signage

Le projet d'enfouissement de déchets radioactifs baptisé Cigéo (Centre industriel de stockage géologique), prévoit le stockage de déchets nucléaires français à 500 mètres sous terre, entre la Meuse et la Haute-Marne. L'Agence Nationale de Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (Andra) mène le projet d'infrastructure permettant de stocker les déchets sur le très long terme, du fait que la décroissance radioactive peut s'étendre de 5 siècles à 100 000 ans. Un tel projet représente un défi technique et culturel: comment créer et conserver la mémoire de l'existence du stockage? Le programme Mémoire, piloté par l'Andra, finance des recherches portant sur les supports et messages susceptibles de générer et porter une mémoire collective du site d'enfouissement, et ce sur le (très) long terme. Notre recherche interroge la capacité du son à transmettre un message stable et contribuer à créer cette mémoire durable. Nous recherchons donc à identifier et concevoir des discours dont le sens serait partagé par des individus d'appartenance culturelles variées, et susceptibles de perdurer à échelle pluriséculaire. Ces travaux procèdent à un inventaire des problématiques liées à un tel projet. Ils approchent le rôle et la place du son au sein du dispositif mémoriel, et en interaction avec les autres modalités discursives qui le composeront. Nous y explorons les horizons théoriques pertinents en vue de décrire et comprendre comment le son fait sens. Enfin, l'analyse de données tirées d'enquêtes sur la perception sonore nous permet de discuter les apports théoriques et préciser les horizons de recherches pertinents pour la description de la signification sonore et le développement d'outils servant la conception d'une signalétique sonore.The radioactive waste burial project, Cigéo (Industrial centre for geological disposal), provides for the storage of French nuclear waste, 500 metres underground, between Meuse and Haute-Marne. The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) leads the infrastructure project to store the waste long term, since radioactive decay can extend from five centuries to 100,000 years. Such a project certainly represents a technical challenge, but it also represents a cultural challenge: how does one create and preserve the memory of the existence of this storage facility? The Memory program, piloted by Andra, funds research on the carriers and the messages likely to generate and maintain a collective memory of the landfill site, in the (very) long term. Our research questions the capacity of sound to transmit a stable message and contribute to creating a lasting memory. We therefore seek to identify and conceive discourses whose meaning could be understood by individuals from various cultural backgrounds, and which are likely to continually exist on a multi-secular scale. This work proceeds to an inventory of the problems linked to such a project. They approach the role and place of sound within the memory system, and in interaction with the other discursive modalities that will compose it. We explore the relevant theoretical horizons in order to describe and understand how sound makes sense. Finally, the analysis of data from surveys on sound perception allows us to discuss theoretical contributions and specify the relevant research horizons for the description of sound meaning, and the development of tools for the design of sound signage

Genome-wide chromatin and expression datasets of various pathogenic ascomycetes

International audienceA recommendation – based on reviews by Ricardo C. Rodríguez de la Vega and one anonymous reviewer – of the article: Clairet C, Lapalu N, Simon A, Soyer JL, Viaud M, Zehraoui E, Dalmais B, Fudal I, Ponts N (2022) Nucleosome patterns in four plant pathogenic fungi with contrasted genome structures. bioRxiv, 2021.04.16.439968, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.16.43996

A systems analysis approach to decision-making in a non-appropriated fund activity

This thesis demonstrates the usefulness of the systems analysis approach to managerial decision making in a nonappropriated fund activity. The systems analysis methodology is employed to determine the optimum equipment inventory for a specific non-appropriated fund activity. Decision rules are also developed for minimizing equipment maintenance costs and for shifting the operational location of the activity.http://archive.org/details/systemsanalysisa00bloyLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited