Entre Oreste et Barbe-Bleue : la violence dans la scène familiale québécoise, 1981-2002

La représentation sur une scène de la violence filiale remonte au théâtre grec, qui met en scène le meurtre de Clytemnestre dans l’Orestie d’Eschyle. Comme la trilogie d’Eschyle, diverses pièces québécoises créées dans les années 1980 et 1990 mettent en scène le meurtre symbolique de la mère (Vie et mort du roi boiteux de Jean-Pierre Ronfard, Soirée bénéfice pour tous ceux qui ne seront pas là en l’an deux mille de Michel Marc Bouchard), ce qui, d’un point de vue anthropologique, pourrait être envisagé comme marquant le passage d’une filiation matrilinéaire (Les belles-soeurs) à une filiation patrilinéaire. Cet article cherchera à montrer qu’à la différence du traitement mythologique de la violence, l’évolution de la violence dans la scène familiale québécoise ne saurait se réduire à l’opposition matrilinéaire/patrilinéaire, car, dès les années 1990, la structure verticale parents-fils cède peu à peu la place à une cellule horizontale qui renverse le pouvoir des parents. Comment les atteintes à l’ordre familial fictif se traduisent-elles sur les plans sociopolitique et esthétique?Filial violence in drama originates in Ancient Greek theatre, which stages the murder of Clytemnestra in Aeschylus's Oresteia. As in Aeschylus's trilogy, several Québec plays of the 1980s and 1990s (Jean-Pierre Ronfard's Vie et mort du roi boiteux, Michel Marc Bouchard's Soirée bénéfice pour tous ceux qui ne seront pas là en l’an deux mille) stage the symbolic murder of the mother, which, from an anthropological perspective, could be seen as the transition from a matrilineal filiation (Les belles-soeurs) to a patrilineal filiation. In the present article, it will be argued that, unlike mythological violence as narrated by Greek mythological characters, the evolution of filial violence in Québec drama calls into question the traditional matrilineal/patrilineal dichotomy in plays which replace an authoritarian vertical family cell with a horizontal family cell, thus freeing the son from parental authority. What does the toppling of vertical family structures in Québec theatre reveal about the evolution of theatrical aesthetics and of Quebecers' representation of the idea of polity

Du cliché journalistique

Comme l’a bien souligné Patrick Imbert dans L’Objectivité de la presse : Le 4e pouvoir en otage (1989), la convocation de clichés dans la presse participe de la mise en place d’une cohérence idéologique. Toutefois, une analyse des concaténations figées de mots dans des éditoriaux portant sur un événement politique récent montre que la perméabilité de la presse au figement linguistique résulte tant d’une évaluation stratégique du public que de l’emprise des discours sociaux.As Patrick Imbert clearly shows in L’Objectivité de la presse : Le 4e pouvoir en otage (1989), the use of clichés in the press is determined by an underlying ideological structure. However, the analysis of various editorials dealing with a recent political event shows that the press’s vulnerability to clichés stems not only from dominant social discourses, but also from the journalist’s strategic evaluation of the readership

Pour Suzanne Grandais

Cet article retrace la carrière et la vie de Suzanne Grandais (1893-1920), l’une des premières stars du cinéma muet français, à partir de journaux et revues d’époque, d’archives et plus particulièrement grâce au manuscrit inédit d’un admirateur de l’actrice, André Desmottes, qui l’a rencontrée et a entretenu son souvenir en acquérant la stèle commémorative érigée sur le lieu de sa mort accidentelle. Suzanne Grandais, qui a incarné le type moderne de la « midinette », la petite ouvrière parisienne devenue populaire en 1917, a tourné dans près d’une centaine de films de Feuillade (Erreur tragique, le Nain), Fescourt, Hervil et Mercanton, Burguet et surtout Perret dont elle a été l’égérie (le Chrysanthème rouge, le Mystère des roches de Kador, la série des Léonce). Des documents photographiques inédits – certains provenant des archives familiales — viennent compléter cet article.This article recalls the life and career of Suzanne Grandais (1893-1920), one of the first French silent movie stars. It is based on documents from newspapers and magazines of the time and archive footage, but mainly on André Desmottes’s unpublished manuscript. He was one of the actress’s greatest admirers. He met her once and decided to help keep her memory alive by acquiring the memorial stone that had been erected at the place of the car accident that had prematurely taken her life. Suzanne Grandais embodied the modern type of the “ midinette ”, the modest Parisian garment seamstress, which became popular in 1917. She appeared in almost a hundred movies directed by Feuillade (Erreur Tragique, le Nain), Fescourt, Hervil and Mercanton, and Burguet. But above all she was Perret’s favorite actress and he directed her in le Chrysanthème rouge, les Mystères des Roches de Kador and the Léonce series. This article is illustrated with unpublished photographic documents, which are mainly family archive materials

Insulin glargine 300 units/mL for the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes in the real world: A review of the DELIVER programme

Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has shown that second-generation basal insulin (BI) analogues, insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) and insulin degludec (IDeg), provide similar glycaemic control, with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia compared with the first-generation BI analogue insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the highly selected participants and frequent follow-up of RCTs may not be truly representative of real-life clinical practice. It is important to assess the safety and effectiveness of these second-generation BI analogues in real-life clinical practice settings. The DELIVER programme utilized electronic healthcare records from the United States to compare clinical outcomes in people with T2D who received either Gla-300 or other BI analogues in real-world clinical practice. This review provides a concise overview of the results of the DELIVER studies. Overall, Gla-300 provided similar antihyperglycaemic effectiveness and a lower risk of hypoglycaemia versus the first-generation BI analogues Gla-100 and insulin detemir in people with T2D who had switched BIs. In those who were insulin-naïve, initiation with Gla-300 versus Gla-100 was associated with significantly better antihyperglycaemic effectiveness and similar or lower hypoglycaemic risk. Both glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia risk were also shown to be similar with Gla-300 and IDeg, in people who had switched BIs and in those who were insulin-naïve. In addition, the DELIVER 2 study reported that people with T2D who switched to Gla-300 had reduced healthcare resource utilization, with an overall saving of US$1439 per person per year compared with those who switched to another BI analogue. Overall, the real-world DELIVER programme showed that the glycaemic control with a low risk of hypoglycaemia observed with Gla-300 in RCTs was also seen in standard clinical practice

Position-dependent shear-induced austenite-martensite transformation in double-notched TRIP and dual-phase steel samples

While earlier studies on transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) steels focused on the determination of the austenite-to-martensite decomposition in uniform deformation or thermal fields, the current research focuses on the determination of the local retained austenite-to-martensite transformation behaviour in an inhomogeneous yet carefully controlled shear-loaded region of double-notched TRIP and dual-phase (DP) steel samples. A detailed powder analysis has been performed to simultaneously monitor the evolution of the phase fraction and the changes in average carbon concentration of metastable austenite together with the local strain components in the constituent phases as a function of the macroscopic stress and location with respect to the shear band. The metastable retained austenite shows a mechanically induced martensitic transformation in the localized shear zone, which is accompanied by an increase in average carbon concentration of the remaining austenite due to a preferred transformation of the austenite grains with the lowest carbon concentration. At the later deformation stages the geometry of the shear test samples results in the development of an additional tensile component. The experimental strain field within the probed sample area is in good agreement with finite element calculations. The strain development observed in the low-alloyed TRIP steel with metastable austenite is compared with that of steels with the same chemical composition containing either no austenite (a DP grade) or stable retained austenite (a TRIP grade produced at a long bainitic holding time). The transformation of metastable austenite under shear is a complex interplay between the local microstructure and the evolving strain fields