197 research outputs found
An intergenerational family study on the impact of experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment on neural face processing
Altered processing of emotional faces due to childhood maltreatment has repeatedly been reported, and may be a
key process underlying the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. The current study is the first to
examine the role of neural reactivity to emotional and neutral faces in the transmission of maltreatment, using a
multi-generational family design including 171 participants of 51 families of two generations with a large age
range (8â69 years). The impact of experienced and perpetrated maltreatment (abuse and neglect) on face
processing was examined in association with activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus
(IFG) and insula in response to angry, fearful, happy and neutral faces. Results showed enhanced bilateral
amygdala activation in response to fearful faces in older neglected individuals, whereas reduced amygdala activation was found in response to these faces in younger neglected individuals. Furthermore, while experienced
abuse was associated with lower IFG activation in younger individuals, experience of neglect was associated with
higher IFG activation in this age group, pointing to potentially differential effects of abuse and neglect and
significant age effects. Perpetrated abusive and neglectful behavior were not related to neural activation in any
of these regions. Hence, no indications for a role of neural reactivity to emotional faces in the intergenerational
transmission of maltreatment were found.Stress and Psychopatholog
Parentsâ experiences of childhood abuse and neglect are differentially associated with behavioral and autonomic responses to their offspring
Although childhood maltreatment has been shown to compromise adaptive parental
behavior, little is known what happens in terms of physiological regulation when parents with a history of childhood maltreatment interact with their offspring. Using a
sample of 229 parents (131 women), the present study examined whether childhood
maltreatment experiences are associated with parentsâ behavioral and autonomic responses while resolving conflict with their offspring. Selfâreported experienced child
maltreatment was measured using a questionnaire assessing abuse and neglect.
Parents (Mage = 52.7 years, rangeage = 26.6â88.4 years) and their offspring (Mage =
24.6 years, rangeage = 7.5â65.6 years) participated in a videotaped parentâoffspring
conflict interaction task. Parental warmth, negativity, and emotional support were
coded. In addition, their preâejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were
measured as indicators of underlying sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system reactivity, respectively. Findings demonstrated that experiences of abuse and
neglect were associated with behavioral and physiological responses in different
ways. Separating these two types of maltreatment in research and in clinical practice
might be important
Soft and hard tissue assessment of immediate implant placement: a case series
Objectives : The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the success and esthetic result of immediate implant placement at the time of extraction. Material and methods : Twelve patients with 14 titanium screw-shaped implants (13â16âmm length and 4.3 or 5âmm diameters) were placed in the extraction sockets. Defects after implant placement were recorded, and then filled up with deproteinized bovine bone mineral, bioabsorbable collagen membrane, and absorbable pins. The defect was again re-evaluated at second-stage surgery. Clinical and radiographic parameters of the peri-implant conditions were assessed at the moment of prosthesis placement and at 1-year follow-up. Results : The cumulative implant survival and success rate was 100% after a 1-year observation period. Analysis of the esthetic result showed that the mean pink esthetic score (PES) was 11.1 (SD 1.35) at 1-year follow-up. At 1 year, 64.3% papillae had a score of 2 and the remaining 35.7% score 3 according to the Jemt (1997) papillary index. Optimal value of width of the keratinized mucosa was recorded in 13 (92.9%) implant cases in both periods of follow-up. At 1-year follow-up, the linear distance between implant-shoulder to the bone peaks remains stable with a mean of 2.62±0.2âmm at the mesial and 2.9±0.58âmm at the distal aspect. Conclusion : Careful evaluation of potential extraction sites before immediate implant installation promotes optimal implant esthetics. To cite this article: Juodzbalys G, Wang H-L. Soft and hard tissue assessment of immediate implant placement: a case series. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 18 , 2007; 237â243 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01312.xPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74957/1/j.1600-0501.2006.01312.x.pd
Not the Root of the ProblemâHair Cortisol and Cortisone Do Not Mediate the Effect of Child Maltreatment on Body Mass Index
Background: Experiencing maltreatment during childhood exerts substantial stress on the child and increases the risk for overweight and obesity later in life. The current study tests whether hair cortisolâa measure of chronic stressâand its metabolite cortisone mediate the relation between abuse and neglect on the one hand, and body mass index (BMI) on the other. Method: The sample consisted of 249 participants aged 8 to 87 years (M = 36.13, SD = 19.33). We collected data on child abuse and neglect using questionnaires, measured cortisol and cortisone concentrations in hair, and BMI. In a structural model, the effects of abuse and neglect on hair cortisol, hair cortisone, and BMI were tested, as well as the covariance between hair cortisol and BMI, and hair cortisone and BMI. Results: Within the sample, 23% were overweight but not obese and 14% were obese. Higher levels of experienced abuse were related to higher cortisone concentrations in hair (ÎČ = 0.24, p <.001) and higher B
Light Front Formalism for Composite Systems and Some of Its Applications in Particle and Relativistic Nuclear Physics
Light front formalism for composite systems is presented. Derivation of
equations for bound state and scattering problems are given. Methods of
constructing of elastic form factors and scattering amplitudes of composite
particles are reviewed. Elastic form factors in the impulse approximation are
calculated. Scattering amplitudes for relativistic bound states are
constructed. Some model cases for transition amplitudes are considered. Deep
inelastic form factors (structure functions) are expressed through light front
wave functions. It is shown that taking into account of transverse motion of
partons leads to the violation of Bjorken scaling and structure functions
become square of transverse momentum dependent. Possible explanation of the
EMC-effect is given. Problem of light front relativization of wave functions of
lightest nuclei is considered. Scaling properties of deuteron, and
light front wave functions are checked in a rather wide energy range.Comment: Review paper, Submitted to Phys. Rep., 89 pages, 23 figure
Weathering the Storm: Managing Older Adults With Breast Cancer Amid COVID-19 and Beyond
Caring for older patients with breast cancer presents unique clinical considerations because of preexisting and competing comorbidity, the potential for treatment-related toxicity, and the consequent impact on functional status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment decision making for older patients is especially challenging and encourages us to refocus our treatment priorities. While we work to avoid treatment delays and maintain therapeutic benefit, we also need to minimize the risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, myelosuppression, general chemotherapy toxicity, and functional decline. Herein, we propose multidisciplinary care considerations for the aging patient with breast cancer, with the goal to promote a team-based, multidisciplinary treatment approach during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. These considerations remain relevant as we navigate the "new normal" for the approximately 30% of breast cancer patients aged 70 years and older who are diagnosed in the United States annually and for the thousands of older patients living with recurrent and/or metastatic disease
Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment using a multi-informant multi-generation family design
In the current study a three-generational design was used to investigate intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment (ITCM) using multiple sources of information on child maltreatment: mothers, fathers and children. A tota
Rings and bars: unmasking secular evolution of galaxies
Secular evolution gradually shapes galaxies by internal processes, in
contrast to early cosmological evolution which is more rapid. An important
driver of secular evolution is the flow of gas from the disk into the central
regions, often under the influence of a bar. In this paper, we review several
new observational results on bars and nuclear rings in galaxies. They show that
these components are intimately linked to each other, and to the properties of
their host galaxy. We briefly discuss how upcoming observations, e.g., imaging
from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G), will lead to
significant further advances in this area of research.Comment: Invited review at "Galaxies and their Masks", celebrating Ken
Freeman's 70-th birthday, Sossusvlei, Namibia, April 2010. To be published by
Springer, New York, editors D.L. Block, K.C. Freeman, & I. Puerari; minor
change
Not the root of the problem: Hair cortisol and cortisone do not mediate the effect of child maltreatment on BMI
Stress and Psychopatholog
Investigation into the cause of spontaneous emulsification of a free steel droplet : validation of the chemical exchange pathway
Small Fe-based droplets have been heated to a molten phase suspended within a slag medium to replicate a partial environment within the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). The confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) has been used as a heating platform to interrogate the effect of impurities and their transfer across the metal/slag interface, on the emulsification of the droplet into the slag medium. The samples were then examined through X-ray computer tomography (XCT) giving the mapping of emulsion dispersion in 3D space, calculating the changing of interfacial area between the two materials, and changes of material volume due to material transfer between metal and slag. Null experiments to rule out thermal gradients being the cause of emulsification have been conducted as well as replication of the previously reported study by Assis et al.[1] which has given insights into the mechanism of emulsification. Finally chemical analysis was conducted to discover the transfer of oxygen to be the cause of emulsification, leading to a new study of a system with undergoing oxygen equilibration
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