Combining Survival Analysis and Machine Learning for Mass Cancer Risk Prediction using EHR data

Purely medical cancer screening methods are often costly, time-consuming, and weakly applicable on a large scale. Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods greatly help cancer detection but require specific or deep medical data. These aspects affect the mass implementation of cancer screening methods. For these reasons, it is a disruptive change for healthcare to apply AI methods for mass personalized assessment of the cancer risk among patients based on the existing Electronic Health Records (EHR) volume. This paper presents a novel method for mass cancer risk prediction using EHR data. Among other methods, our one stands out by the minimum data greedy policy, requiring only a history of medical service codes and diagnoses from EHR. We formulate the problem as a binary classification. This dataset contains 175 441 de-identified patients (2 861 diagnosed with cancer). As a baseline, we implement a solution based on a recurrent neural network (RNN). We propose a method that combines machine learning and survival analysis since these approaches are less computationally heavy, can be combined into an ensemble (the Survival Ensemble), and can be reproduced in most medical institutions. We test the Survival Ensemble in some studies. Firstly, we obtain a significant difference between values of the primary metric (Average Precision) with 22.8% (ROC AUC 83.7%, F1 17.8%) for the Survival Ensemble versus 15.1% (ROC AUC 84.9%, F1 21.4%) for the Baseline. Secondly, the performance of the Survival Ensemble is also confirmed during the ablation study. Thirdly, our method exceeds age baselines by a significant margin. Fourthly, in the blind retrospective out-of-time experiment, the proposed method is reliable in cancer patient detection (9 out of 100 selected). Such results exceed the estimates of medical screenings, e.g., the best Number Needed to Screen (9 out of 1000 screenings)

Sobemovirus genome appears to encode a serine protease related to cysteine proteases of picornaviruses

AbstractA putative serine protease was identified among non-structural proteins of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) by sequence comparison with cellular and viral proteases. The predicted SBMV proteased is played a significant similarity to cysteine proteases of picornaviruses, providing a possible evolutionary link between the two enzyme classes. It is suggested that SBMV follows the general expression strategy characteristic of other positive-strand RNA viruses containing 5′-terminal covalently linked proteins (VPg), i.e. generation of functional proteins by polyprotein processing

Liquid crystal as laser medium with tunable gain spectra.

Amplified spontaneous emission intensity and gain spectra in polarized light have been measured in a dye doped nematic liquid crystal for different orientation of its optical axis and pump intensity. A possibility for switching the gain of the liquid crystal by an external electric field is shown experimentally. The liquid crystal materials with field controlled gain can be used in microlasers and light micro-amplifiers in both planar and waveguiding geometry. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Scanning Probe Techniques for Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

This chapter presents the results of experimental studies of the electrical, mechanical and geometric parameters of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA CNTs) using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). This chapter also presents the features and difficulties of characterization of VA CNTs in different scanning modes of the SPM. Advanced techniques for VA CNT characterization (the height, Young’s modulus, resistivity, adhesion and piezoelectric response) taking into account the features of the SPM modes are described. The proposed techniques allow to overcome the difficulties associated with the vertical orientation and high aspect ratio of nanotubes in determining the electrical and mechanical parameters of the VA CNTs by standard methods. The results can be used in the development of diagnostic methods as well as in nanoelectronics and nanosystem devices based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (memory elements, adhesive structures, nanoelectromechanical switches, emission structures, etc.)

Структура и параметры сценариев развития среднего профессионального образования в Российской Федерации до 2035 года

The purpose of the preprint is to present a scientific approach to the development of scenarios for the development of the regional system of secondary vocational education

Effects of magnetic and structural phase transitions on the normal and anomalous Hall effects in Ni-Mn-In-B Heusler alloys

Magnetization, electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall resistivity of Ni50Mn35In14.25B0.75 and Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5 Heusler alloys were studied in a temperature range T=80-400K in magnetic fields up to 20 kOe. Both alloys exhibit a martensitic transformation from a higherature ferromagnetic austenite phase to a lowerature, low-magnetization martensitic phase. The electrical resistivity nearly doubles as a result of the martensitic transformation, reaching 180 and 100 μ cm in the martensitic states of Ni50Mn35In14.25B0.75 and Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5, respectively. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity does not corresponded with the Mooij correlation. The magnetoresistance is negative with a narrow negative peak at the martensitic transition. Normal and anomalous Hall effect coefficients were determined by fitting the field dependences of the Hall resistivity using magnetization data. The coefficients of the normal Hall effect for both compositions were found to decrease with temperature from positive values in the austenite to negative values in the martensite phase. None of the known correlations between the anomalous Hall effect coefficient and resistivity were satisfied. Significant changes in the values of the anomalous Hall coefficients during the martensitic transformation are explained by the difference in spin-up and spin-down state occupations in the martensite and austenite phases. First-principles calculations of the electronic structures confirm this explanation

High-speed impact of the metal projectile on the barrier containing porous corundum-based ceramics with chemically active filler

The paper presents a calculation-experimental study on high-speed interaction of the metal projectile with a combined barrier made of porous corundum-based ceramics filled with chemically active composition (sulfur, nitrate of potash) in the wide range of speeds. A mathematical behavior model of porous corundum-based ceramics with chemically active filler is developed within the scope of mechanics of continuous media taking into account the energy embedding from a possible chemical reaction between a projectile metal and filler at high-speed impact. Essential embedding of inlet heat is not observed in the considered range of impact speeds (2.5 … 8 km/s)

NMR studies of the ground states of Ni50-xCoxMn35In15 (x=1, 2.5) and Ni45Co5Mn37In13 Heusler alloys

Three temperature-induced phase transitions at T=T1, TM/TA, and TC, related to the ferromagnetic order of the martensitic phase (FMMP), martensitic (structural) transitions (MT), and the ferromagnetic order of the austenitic phase (FMAP), respectively, have been observed in the off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys, Ni50-xCoxMn35In15 (x=1, 2.5) and Ni45Co5Mn37In13. The phase transitions temperatures are found to be depended on alloy composition. A kinetic arrest of the AP was observed for Ni47.5Co2.5Mn35In15 in the magnetization measurements during field-cooling cycle (FCC) at 50 kOe. Depending upon the cooling protocols, ZFC and FCC (at H = 50 kOe), two different ground states of the alloys can be found in Ni47.5Co2.5Mn35In15 and Ni45Co5Mn37In13 alloys. The ground states (T=4.2 K and external field H=0) of the alloys was found to be characterized by three main line: two, partially overlapping, at higher frequencies (300-450 MHz), most likely corresponding of manganese resonance lines and one at lower frequency at about 200 MHz. A significant shift in the spectrum of Ni45Co5Mn37In13 by about 100 MHz to higher frequencies was observed. The correlation of magnetizations obtained from magnetic moment and NMR studies is discussed