A Real-Time Communication Architecture for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Recent advancements in the field of additive manufacturing continue to push its application deeper into commercial use. However, concerns persist regarding the consistency of part quality, methodologies for quality assurance, and cyber-physical system security. These concerns are exacerbated by the closed-system architecture implemented by most commercial powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) machine manufacturers. Though implementation of device and process monitoring equipment is often suggested to address these concerns, deployment is hampered by the inability to extract real-time information from closed systems during the build process, including scanner position, laser power, sensor data, etc. Here, a framework for an open and transparent communication protocol for PBFAM systems is developed and implemented on a 3DSystems ProX-200 machine. Real-time measurement of build process parameters and synchronization with an optical emission sensor is demonstrated. The utility of the protocol and real-time sensing for PBFAM are discussed.Mechanical Engineerin

Interaction of intermediate energy protons with light nuclei

Interaction of intermediate energy protons with light nucle

Coherent Photoproduction of Eta-Mesons on Spin-Zero Nuclei in a Relativistic, Non-local Model

The coherent photoproduction of $\eta$-mesons on spin-zero nuclei is studied in a relativistic, non-local model, which we have previously applied to the coherent photoproduction of pions. We find that different off-shell extrapolations of the elementary production operator lead to large effects in the cross section. We also show that the almost complete suppression of the N(1535) seen in earlier studies on this reaction is a result of the local or factorization approximation used in these works. Non-local effects can lead to a considerable contribution from this resonance. The relative size of the N(1535) contribution depends on the structure of the nucleus under consideration. We give an estimate for the contribution of the N(1520) resonance and discuss the effect of an $\eta$-nucleus optical potentialComment: 29 pages, 14 figures; slight changes in presentation, extended discussion, one new figur

Radiative Muon Capture on Hydrogen and the Induced Pseudoscalar Coupling

The first measurement of the elementary process $\mu^- p \rightarrow \nu_{\mu} n \gamma$ is reported. A photon pair spectrometer was used to measure the partial branching ratio ($2.10 \pm 0.22) \times 10^{-8}$ for photons of k > 60 MeV. The value of the weak pseudoscalar coupling constant determined from the partial branching ratio is $g_p(q^{2}=-0.88m_{\mu}^2) = (9.8 \pm 0.7 \pm 0.3) \cdot g_a(0)$, where the first error is the quadrature sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties and the second error is due to the uncertainty in $\lambda_{op}$, the decay rate of the ortho to para $p \mu p$ molecule. This value of g_p is $\sim$1.5 times the prediction of PCAC and pion-pole dominance.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX type, 3 figures (encapsulated postscript), submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

The Persistent Problem: Inequality, Difference, and the Challenge of Development

This report highlights the complex, multidimensional nature of inequality in the era of globalization. It documents that despite the impressive strides by nations like China and India, absolute inequality between the richest and poorest countries is greater than ever before in history. It demonstrates that the rise of China and India creates a new dimension to the persistent problem of inequality

The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control

This monograph, a joint effort of the U.S. National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization, examines economic issues in tobacco and tobacco control, including the supply and demand of tobacco products. This first chapter frames the issues addressed in the monograph and describes its organization around key topic areas. Each monograph chapter focuses on the global evidence on these issues, particularly the evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The closing sections of this chapter present chapter conclusions and major overall conclusions generated by the work presented here. Experts in economics, tobacco control, public policy, public health, and other related fields from every region in the world, including high-income countries and LMICs, were assembled to provide the research and analyses presented within these pages. It is hoped that this monograph will help inform the implementation of global tobacco control efforts in the 21st century.Additional co-authors: Dongbo Fu, C.K. Gajalakshmi, Vendhan Gajalakshmi, Mark Goodchild, Emmanuel Guindon, Prakash Gupta, Reviva Hasson, Luminita S Hayes, Sara Hitchman, Kinh Hoang-Van, Jidong Huang, Andrew Hyland, Nathan Jones, John Keyser, Pierre Kopp, Harry Lando, David Levy, James Lightwood, Christine Logel, Benn McGrady, Yumiko Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Mario Monsour, Nigar Nargis, Richard J. O’Connor, Maizurah Omar, Zeynep Önder, William Onzivu, Anne-Marie Perucic, Armando Peruga, Vinayak M. Prasad, Martin Raw, Cecily S. Ray, Lyn Reed, Bung-on Ritthiphakdee, Hana Ross, Jennifer Ruger, Henry Saffer, Genevieve Sansone, Natalie Sansone, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Kerstin Schotte, Omar Shafey, Yoon-Jeong Shin, Giorgio Sincovich, John Tauras, Mark Travers, Édouard Tursan d’Espaignet, Marco Vargas, Mandeep K. Virk-Baker, Corné van Walbeek, Charles W. Warren, Marzenna Anna Weresa, Xin Xu, Eduard Zaloshnja, Lei Zhang, Ping Zhan

Study of a class of non-polynomial oscillator potentials

We develop a variational method to obtain accurate bounds for the eigenenergies of H = -Delta + V in arbitrary dimensions N>1, where V(r) is the nonpolynomial oscillator potential V(r) = r^2 + lambda r^2/(1+gr^2), lambda in (-infinity,\infinity), g>0. The variational bounds are compared with results previously obtained in the literature. An infinite set of exact solutions is also obtained and used as a source of comparison eigenvalues.Comment: 16 page

Quantized reduction as a tensor product

Symplectic reduction is reinterpreted as the composition of arrows in the category of integrable Poisson manifolds, whose arrows are isomorphism classes of dual pairs, with symplectic groupoids as units. Morita equivalence of Poisson manifolds amounts to isomorphism of objects in this category. This description paves the way for the quantization of the classical reduction procedure, which is based on the formal analogy between dual pairs of Poisson manifolds and Hilbert bimodules over C*-algebras, as well as with correspondences between von Neumann algebras. Further analogies are drawn with categories of groupoids (of algebraic, measured, Lie, and symplectic type). In all cases, the arrows are isomorphism classes of appropriate bimodules, and their composition may be seen as a tensor product. Hence in suitable categories reduction is simply composition of arrows, and Morita equivalence is isomorphism of objects.Comment: 44 pages, categorical interpretation adde

The Effect of Pre-Injury Anti-Platelet Therapy on the Development of Complications in Isolated Blunt Chest Wall Trauma: A Retrospective Study

INTRODUCTION: The difficulties in the management of the blunt chest wall trauma patient in the Emergency Department due to the development of late complications are well recognised in the literature. Pre-injury anti-platelet therapy has been previously investigated as a risk factor for poor outcomes following traumatic head injury, but not in the blunt chest wall trauma patient cohort. The aim of this study was to investigate pre-injury anti-platelet therapy as a risk factor for the development of complications in the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma. METHODS: A retrospective study was completed in which the medical notes were analysed of all blunt chest wall trauma patients presenting to a large trauma centre in Wales in 2012 and 2013. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, pre-injury platelet therapy was investigated as a risk factor for the development of complications following blunt chest wall trauma. Previously identified risk factors were included in the analysis to address the influence of confounding. RESULTS: A total of 1303 isolated blunt chest wall trauma patients presented to the ED in Morriston Hospital in 2012 and 2013 with complications recorded in 144 patients (11%). On multi-variable analysis, pre-injury anti-platelet therapy was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of complications following isolated blunt chest wall trauma (odds ratio: 16.9; 95% confidence intervals: 8.2-35.2). As in previous studies patient age, number of rib fractures, chronic lung disease and pre-injury anti-coagulant use were also found to be significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-injury anti-platelet therapy is being increasingly used as a first line treatment for a number of conditions and there is a concurrent increase in trauma in the elderly population. Pre-injury anti-platelet therapy should be considered as a risk factor for the development of complications by clinicians managing blunt chest wall trauma

Eigenvalues from power--series expansions: an alternative approach

An appropriate rational approximation to the eigenfunction of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for anharmonic oscillators enables one to obtain the eigenvalue accurately as the limit of a sequence of roots of Hankel determinants. The convergence rate of this approach is greater than that for a well--established method based on a power--series expansions weighted by a Gaussian factor with an adjustable parameter (the so--called Hill--determinant method)