Caça i protecció d'espècies protegides a Espanya

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Exploring the Relationship between Neutrophil Activation and Different States of Canine L. infantum Infection : Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and IFN-γ

This study aimed to understand the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis (CanL) by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of Leishmania infantum infection and antibody and IFN-γ production. The results showed that sick dogs in stage I-mild disease had significantly higher neutrophil activation compared to healthy seronegative and seropositive dogs and sick dogs in advanced stages (II, III-IV). Healthy seropositive dogs exhibited higher neutrophil activation compared to all other groups except sick dogs in stage I. Dogs in advanced disease stages (II, III-IV) did not show significant differences in neutrophil activation compared to healthy seronegative dogs. Furthermore, dogs in stage I had significantly higher IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy seronegative and sick dogs in advanced disease stages. Dogs in stage II showed higher IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy seronegative dogs, while no significant differences were observed in dogs in stage III-IV. Healthy seropositive dogs had elevated IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy seronegative dogs and dogs in stage III-IV. These findings indicate that neutrophil activation is predominant in dogs with mild disease and healthy seropositive dogs with an association with potent IFN-γ production. This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of L. infantum infection and antibody and IFN-γ production. Dogs were categorized into five groups: healthy-seronegative (n = 25), healthy-seropositive (n = 21), LeishVet-stage I (n = 25), Leishvet-stage II (n = 41), and LeishVet-stage III-IV (n = 16). Results of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in stage I (median:17.17, range: [7.33-31.50]%) compared to in healthy-seronegative (4.10 [1.20-18.00]%), healthy-seropositive (7.65 [3.98-21.74]%), stage II (6.50 [1.50-28.70]%), and stage III-IV (7.50 [3.00-16.75]%) groups (p < 0.0001). Healthy-seropositive dogs also displayed higher values than all groups except stage I. Stages II and III-IV did not show significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative. Regarding IFN-γ, stage I dogs had higher concentrations (median:127.90, range: [0-3998.00] pg/mL) than healthy-seronegative (0 [0-109.50] pg/mL) (p = 0.0002), stage II (9.00 [0-5086.00] pg/mL) (p = 0.045), and stage III-IV (3.50 [80.00-548.80] pg/mL) (p = 0.02) dogs. Stage II dogs showed increased IFN-γ compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.015), while stage III-IV dogs had no significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.12). Healthy-seropositive dogs had elevated IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.001) and dogs in stage III-IV (p = 0.03). In conclusion, neutrophil activation was higher in dogs with mild disease and healthy-seropositive dogs, and a relationship between neutrophil activation and the production of IFN-γ was found

Review and statistical analysis of clinical management of feline leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum

There is limited information about feline leishmaniosis (FeL) management in clinical practice. Leishmania infantum is the species of Leishmania most frequently reported in both dogs and cats in countries of the Mediterranean region (henceforth 'Mediterranean countries'), Central and South America, and Iran. This study was conducted to provide veterinary clinicians with an updated overview of evidence-based information on leishmaniosis in cats. A review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Case reports of FeL caused by L. infantum were sought for the period 1912 to 1 June 2021. Sixty-three case reports are included in this review. Fifty-nine out of the 63 cats were from Europe, mostly from Mediterranean countries (88.9%). Most of them were domestic short-haired cats (90%) with a mean age of 7.9 years, and had access to the outdoors (77.3%). Sixty-six percent of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus infection was the most frequent (37.7%). Dermatological lesions (69.8%) was the most frequent clinical sign, and hyperproteinemia (46.3%) the most frequent clinicopathological abnormality. Serology was the most performed diagnostic method (76.2%) and was positive for 93.7% of cats. Medical treatment was applied in 71.4% of cats, and allopurinol was the most used drug (74.4%). Survival time was greater for treated cats (520 days; 71.4% of cats) than non-treated cats (210 days; 25.4%). The majority of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus was the most frequent. Dermatological lesions were frequently reported, and systemic clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities were also common. Serology may be useful for the diagnosis of FeL in clinical practice, and a positive titer of ≥ 1/40 may be a useful cut-off for sick cats. The reported treatments and dosages varied, but there was a good clinical response and longer survival in most of the cats treated with allopurinol monotherapy

Distribution of feline AB blood types : a review of frequencies and its implications in the Iberian Peninsula

The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of feline blood types in the Iberian Peninsula and to determine the potential risk of incompatibility-related transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions and the potential risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens born to parents of unknown blood type. Blood samples were obtained from blood donors of the Animal Blood Bank (BSA-Banco de Sangue Animal). Blood typing was performed using a card method (RapidVet-H Feline Blood Typing; MDS). The studied population comprised 1070 purebred and non-purebred cats from Portugal and Spain aged between 1 and 8 years. Overall, frequencies of blood types A and B were 96.5% and 3.5%, respectively. No AB cats were found. Based on these data, the potential risks of NI and transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions were calculated to be 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Unlike previous studies, no type AB cats were found in this study. Although the calculated potential risks of transfusion reaction in unmatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis were low, blood typing prior to blood transfusion and blood typing of cats for breeding purposes are highly recommended

Advances in feline transfusion medicine

La medicina transfusional consisteix en una teràpia de reemplaçament de components sanguinis per a pacients en situació de dèficit, sent en molts casos un procediment necessari per a mantenir al pacient viu. Tot i així, no està exempt de riscos, els quals estan molt influenciats pels mètodes de producció, emmagatzematge i administració. La medicina transfusional felina es considera especialment associada a dificultats tècniques i, per tant, històricament s'ha vist restringida a l'ús de sang sencera. No obstant això, en les últimes dècades hi ha hagut grans avenços en els bancs de sang felina, els quals han començat a produir i oferir components sanguinis felins fabricats extrapolant mètodes de producció i emmagatzematge de la medicina humana i canina. L'evidència científica que dóna suport a la seguretat i eficàcia d'aquests mètodes en els bancs de sang felina és escassa. A causa de la mida més petita dels donants i receptors de sang, així com les diferències fisiològiques entre espècies i les diferències hemorreològiques dels eritròcits felins en comparació amb els glòbuls vermells canins i humans, extrapolar la informació entre espècies pot suposar un gran risc pel que fa a la seguretat i eficàcia de les transfusions felines. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és establir les bases per a la producció, conservació i administració dels components sanguinis felins més comuns: concentrat d'eritròcits (CE) felí i plasma fresc congelat (PFC) felí. Tenint en compte això, el projecte es divideix en tres apartats, dos d'ells sobre CE felí i un centrat en PFC felí. El primer va ser dissenyat amb l'objectiu d'estudiar el dany per emmagatzematge dels CE felins i verificar la viabilitat dels sistemes de recol·lecció semitancats per a les donacions de sang felina. El segon estudi té com a objectiu determinar si l'ús de bombes d'infusió peristàltiques en la transfusió de CE felins indueix en el grau d'hemòlisi i, per tant, si és segur utilitzar-les. I l'últim té com com a objectiu estudiar la concentració i estabilitat dels factors de coagulació durant l'emmagatzematge de l'PFC felí.La medicina transfusional consiste en una terapia de reemplazo de componentes sanguíneos para pacientes en situación de déficit, siendo en muchos casos un procedimiento necesario para la vida. Aun así, no está exento de riesgos, los cuales están muy influenciados por los métodos de producción, almacenamiento y administración. La medicina transfusional felina se considera especialmente asociada a dificultades técnicas y, por tanto, históricamente se ha visto restringida al uso de sangre entera. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas ha habido grandes avances en los bancos de sangre felina, los cuales han empezado a producir y ofrecer componentes sanguíneos felinos fabricados extrapolando métodos de producción y almacenamiento de la medicina humana y canina. La evidencia científica que respalda la seguridad y eficacia de estos métodos en los bancos de sangre felina es escasa. Debido al menor tamaño de los donantes y receptores de sangre, así como las diferencias fisiológicas entre especies y las diferencias hemorreológicas de los eritrocitos felinos en comparación con los glóbulos rojos caninos y humanos, extrapolar la información entre especies puede suponer un gran riesgo en cuanto a seguridad y eficacia de las transfusiones felinas. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es sentar las bases para la producción, conservación y administración de los hemoderivados felinos más comunes: concentrado de eritrocitos (CE) felino y plasma fresco congelado (PFC) felino. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el proyecto se divide en tres apartados, dos de ellos sobre CE felino y uno centrado en PFC felino. El primero fue diseñado con el objetivo de estudiar el daño por almacenamiento de los CE felinos y verificar la viabilidad de los sistemas de recolección semicerrados para las donaciones de sangre felina. El segundo estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si el uso de bombas de infusión peristálticas en la transfusión de CE felinos induce hemólisis y, por tanto, si es seguro utilizarlas. Y el último tuvo como objetivo estudiar la concentración y estabilidad de los factores de coagulación durante el almacenamiento del PFC felino.Transfusion medicine consists in a blood component replacement therapy for patients in a situation of deficiency, being in many cases a lifesaving procedure. Even so, it is not exempt of risks, which are highly influenced by the methods of production, storage and administration. It is considered that feline transfusion medicine is especially associated with technical difficulties and thus, it has historically been restricted to the use of whole blood. Nevertheless, in the recent decades there have been great advances in feline blood banking, and blood banks have begun to produce and offer feline blood components manufactured by extrapolating methods of production and storage from human and canine medicine. The scientific evidence to support the safety and efficacy of these methods in feline blood banking is scant. Due to the smaller size of blood donors and recipients, as well as the physiological differences between species and the hemorheological differences of feline erythrocytes compared to canine and human red blood cells, extrapolating the information between species can pose a great risk regarding the safety and efficacy of feline transfusions. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to establish the bases for the production, conservation, and administration of the most common feline blood products: feline pRBC and feline FFP. With this in mind, the project is divided into three sections, two of them about feline pRBC and one centred in feline FFP. The first was designed with the objective of studying storage damage over feline pRBC, and to verify the viability of semi-closed collection systems for feline blood donations. The second study aims to determine if the use of peristaltic infusion pumps in feline pRBC transfusion induces haemolysis and thus, if it is safe to use them. And the last one aimed to study coagulation factor concentration and stability during storage in feline fresh frozen plasma

Caça i protecció d'espècies protegides a Espanya

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Exploring the Relationship between Neutrophil Activation and Different States of Canine <i>L. infantum</i> Infection: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and IFN-γ

This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of L. infantum infection and antibody and IFN-γ production. Dogs were categorized into five groups: healthy-seronegative (n = 25), healthy-seropositive (n = 21), LeishVet-stage I (n = 25), Leishvet-stage II (n = 41), and LeishVet-stage III–IV (n = 16). Results of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in stage I (median:17.17, range: [7.33–31.50]%) compared to in healthy-seronegative (4.10 [1.20–18.00]%), healthy-seropositive (7.65 [3.98–21.74]%), stage II (6.50 [1.50–28.70]%), and stage III–IV (7.50 [3.00–16.75]%) groups (p p = 0.0002), stage II (9.00 [0–5086.00] pg/mL) (p = 0.045), and stage III–IV (3.50 [80.00–548.80] pg/mL) (p = 0.02) dogs. Stage II dogs showed increased IFN-γ compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.015), while stage III–IV dogs had no significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.12). Healthy-seropositive dogs had elevated IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.001) and dogs in stage III–IV (p = 0.03). In conclusion, neutrophil activation was higher in dogs with mild disease and healthy-seropositive dogs, and a relationship between neutrophil activation and the production of IFN-γ was found

Distribution of feline AB blood types : a review of frequencies and its implications in the Iberian Peninsula

The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of feline blood types in the Iberian Peninsula and to determine the potential risk of incompatibility-related transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions and the potential risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens born to parents of unknown blood type. Blood samples were obtained from blood donors of the Animal Blood Bank (BSA-Banco de Sangue Animal). Blood typing was performed using a card method (RapidVet-H Feline Blood Typing; MDS). The studied population comprised 1070 purebred and non-purebred cats from Portugal and Spain aged between 1 and 8 years. Overall, frequencies of blood types A and B were 96.5% and 3.5%, respectively. No AB cats were found. Based on these data, the potential risks of NI and transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions were calculated to be 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Unlike previous studies, no type AB cats were found in this study. Although the calculated potential risks of transfusion reaction in unmatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis were low, blood typing prior to blood transfusion and blood typing of cats for breeding purposes are highly recommended