Análisis de los factores responsables de la evolución de Angiospermas durante el Cuaternario : un estudio macro- y microevolutivo en "Linaria Sect. Supinae"

Programa de Doctorado en Estudios MedioambientalesEn la presente memoria de tesis, se descubren patrones evolutivos de un grupo de plantas con flor formado por la sect. Supinae del género Linaria (Piantaginaceae). Se presentan cinco manuscritos cientlficos en los que se han utilizado distintos niveles taxonómicos (género, sección, subsección,especie y población) como hipótesis evolutivas. Cada manuscrito tiene objetivos específicos relevantes a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales. Se presta especial atención a las consecuencias evolutivas derivadas de las distintas estrategias reproductivas de las especies. Concretamente tras evaluar la monofilia de la sect. Supinae,se discuten los patrones evolutivos relacionados con la hibridación entre especies, la autogamia y la alogamia;además se analiza el papel de los polinizadores en la evolución de algunas especies alógamas. La introducción comienza describiendo herramientas fundamentales utilizadas en la presente memoria de tesis. Posteriormente se resumen el rol que pueden tener las diversas estrategias reproductivas en la evolución de las plantas con flor. Tras la presentación de cinco manuscritos,los resultados principales de esta investigación se discuten en el contexto de la evolución de plantas con flor durante el Cuaternario.Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Centro de Estudios de Postgrad

Optimization of spray break-up CFD simulations by combining Sigma-Y Eulerian atomization model with a response surface methodology under diesel engine-like conditions (ECN Spray A)

[EN] This work evaluates the performance of the Sigma-Y Eulerian atomization model at reproducing the internal structure of a diesel spray with a special focus on Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) predictions. Modeling results have been compared to x-ray radiography measurements [21,24,38] which provided unique data within dense spray region. The first step corresponds to accurately reproduce the large scale spray dispersion. Among different RANS turbulence models, the standard k-s with the round jet corrected CIE value (1.60), has shown the best performance, as shown in [12]. Then, the study is devoted to the application and optimization of the predicted interphase surface density (E). In this work, a combination of CFD modeling and the statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) technique known as Response Surface Method (RSM) is applied in order to improve Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) predictions from E equation compared to experimental measurements. In the investigation, two different optimizations are conducted for the three modeling parameters involved in the equation, following a Central Composite Design (CCD), leading to 15 simulations for each one. After that, both optimum sets of values are validated to assure the accuracy of the method and it is decided the best choice. Finally, different injection and ambient conditions are simulated, with those selected values, providing a remarkable improvement in the modeling performance.Authors acknowledge that part of this work was possible thanks to the Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID 2013 3198) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Also this study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in the frame of the COMEFF (TRA2014-59483R) project.Pandal-Blanco, A.; Payri, R.; García-Oliver, JM.; Pastor Enguídanos, JM. (2017). Optimization of spray break-up CFD simulations by combining Sigma-Y Eulerian atomization model with a response surface methodology under diesel engine-like conditions (ECN Spray A). Computers & Fluids. 156:9-20. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.06.022S92015

A computational analysis of local flow for reacting Diesel sprays by means of an Eulerian CFD model

[EN] An implementation and validation of the coupled Sigma-gamma ADF model is presented in this work for reacting Diesel spray CFD simulations under a RANS turbulence modeling approach. An Approximated Diffusion Flamelet (ADF) model Michel et al. (2008) implemented in the OpenFOAM CFD open-source library by Winklinger (2014)15 fed with the spray description, i.e. mixing formation process, provided by the Sigma-gamma Eulerian atomization model Garcia-Oliver et al. (2013). In the present investigation, the Engine Combustion Network Spray A reference configuration is used for validation. Specifically, the model can provide accurate predictions of typical reacting spray metrics, such as the ignition delay and the lift-off length. Moreover, the internal structure is also fairly reproduced in terms of quasi-steady spatial distribution of formaldehyde and OH, related with low and high temperature reactions respectively. Additionally, modeling results have been compared to recent Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements Garcia-Oliver et al. (2017) under both inert and reacting conditions. Flow response to heat release is quantitatively predicted by the model, both in terms of local velocity increase as well as radial dilation. The model has been used to understand combustion-induced reduction in entrainment, in particular around the lift-off length location. Flow confinement does not seem to influence the global flame behaviour, even though some changes in the local flow hint can be observed when moving from an open to a closed domain. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors acknowledge that this work was possible thanks to the Programa de Ayudas de Investigation y Desarrollo (PAID-2013 3198) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Also this study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in the frame of the COMEFF(TRA2014-59483-R) project. Authors thank Gilles Bruneaux from IFPEN for the interesting suggestions and discussions.Pandal-Blanco, A.; García-Oliver, JM.; Novella Rosa, R.; Pastor Enguídanos, JM. (2018). A computational analysis of local flow for reacting Diesel sprays by means of an Eulerian CFD model. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 99:257-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.10.010S2572729

Determination of fouling mechanisms in polymeric ultrafiltration membranes using residual brines from table olive storage wastewaters as feed

[EN] In this work, the fouling mechanisms that dominate the ultrafiltration of residual brines from table olive packing plant wastewaters were investigated. For that purpose, Hermia's models adapted to crossflow filtration, resistance-in-series model and a model combining intermediate blocking and cake formation mechanisms were fitted to the experimental data. Tests were performed with a 5 kDa polyethersulfone membrane at transmembrane pressures between 1 and 3 bar and crossflow velocities between 2.2 and 3.7 m s(-1). Results demonstrated that the resistance-in-series model was the most accurate to predict permeate flux evolution with time. The predominant fouling mechanism was cake formation followed by intermediate blocking/adsorption. The fouling resistances that were determined by means of the resistance in series model were tested using a well-established mathematical model proposed by Mondal and De that also combines both fouling phenomena (intermediate pore blocking and cake formation). Results demonstrated that the predicted resistances are consistent with those determined by Mondal and De's model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors of this work wish to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CDTI (Centre for Industrial Technological Development) depending on the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (INNPRONTA program, ITP-20111020).Carbonell Alcaina, C.; Corbatón Báguena, MJ.; Alvarez Blanco, S.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Pastor Alcañiz, L. (2016). Determination of fouling mechanisms in polymeric ultrafiltration membranes using residual brines from table olive storage wastewaters as feed. Journal of Food Engineering. 187:14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.04.016S142318

Ultrafiltration of residual fermentation brines from the production of table olives at different operating conditions

[EN] The membrane process of ultrafiltration (UF) has been investigated as a pretreatment previous to the further recovery and concentration of phenolic compounds from residual table olives fermentation brines. Two UF membranes were tested: a permanently hydrophilic polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 30 kDa and a PES membrane with a MWCO of 5 kDa. Transmembrane pressure and crossflow velocity were varied from 1 to 3 bar and from 2.2 to 3.7 m s(-1), respectively. The best membrane in terms of permeate flux and selectivity was that with MWCO of 5 kDa and the best operating conditions were transmembrane pressure of 3 bar and crossflow velocity of 2.2 m s(-1). In these conditions permeate flux was 21.6 L h(-1).m(-2), while the rejection of COD and phenolic compounds were 50.0% and 21.9%, respectively and the removal of colour and turbidity was almost complete. In addition, an alkaline cleaning protocol was proposed, which was effective to restore the initial permeability of the selected membrane. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors of this work wish to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CDTI (Centre for Industrial Technological Development) depending on the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (INNPRONTA program, ITP-20111020).Carbonell Alcaina, C.; Alvarez Blanco, S.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Pastor Alcañiz, L. (2018). Ultrafiltration of residual fermentation brines from the production of table olives at different operating conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 189:662-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.127S66267218

Evidence of gastrointestinal sensing and gut-brain communication in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to the aqueous extract of fishmeal and its free amino acid fraction

Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model, we aimed to obtain information about the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) amino acid sensing capacity and hormone production along regions of the GIT, in response to proline (Pro), to a solution of free amino acids (FAA) mimicking the composition of a fishmeal (FM) aqueous extract (FM-FAA), or to the whole FM aqueous extract (FM-AQE). In addition, we evaluated central responses (in hypothalamus) in mechanisms regulating food intake, 2 h following intragastric administration of these treatments. The presence of Pro in the GIT elicited changes in amino acid sensing systems and in the production of GIT hormones, especially in the more proximal regions in parallel with an anorectic response in hypothalamus. The intragastric administration of FM-AQE induced increased production of the anorectic hormones peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) that occurred 20 min post-treatment in the proximal and middle intestine of this treatment. These changes occurred in parallel with an anorectic response in the hypothalamus 2 h post-treatment. The treatment with FM-FAA elicited a comparable anorectic response in the hypothalamus at 2 h post-treatment, which was associated however with a more complex response in the GIT. This included a comparable increased production of the anorectic hormones PYY and CCK in the proximal and middle intestine, but also a decreased production of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin (GHRL) in the stomach, 20 min after FM-FAA administration. These effects were also accompanied by some changes in parameters related to amino acid sensing systems mediated by receptors, which were not observed in the FM-AQE treatment. Overall, results indicate that all treatments elicited a response in elements of gut sensing mechanisms and gut-brain axis, despite important differences in the specific genes (likely having different substrate specificities), GIT areas and times in which responses were observedXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2022/01Ministerio de Universidades | Ref. FPU19/00122Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. IJC2019-039166-IFinanciado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Vegetative and reproductive response of 'Prime Giant' sweet cherry trees to regulated deficit irrigation

The agronomic response of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) 'Prime Giant' to a 4 year-long experiment involving deficit irrigation strategies in a Mediterranean climate was studied in a commercial orchard located in the southeast of Spain (Jumilla, Spain). Four drip irrigation treatments were imposed: (i) control treatment (CTL), irrigated without restrictions at 110% of seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc); (ii) sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) treatment irrigated at 85% ETc during pre-harvest and post-harvest periods and at 100% ETc during floral differentiation; (iii) regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment irrigated at 100% ETc during pre-harvest and floral differentiation and at 55% ETc during post-harvest, and (iv) farmer treatment (FRM), irrigated according to the farmer's normal practice. The crop's response to the different irrigation treatments was analyzed in relation to tree water status. Soil water deficit reduced tree midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)), stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (Pn). Branch maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) responded rapidly to irrigation changes during pre-harvest and post-harvest. The lowest Psi(stem), values were reached by SDI during pre-harvest and by RDI and FRM during post-harvest. RDI did not lead to Psi(stem),, water potentials falling to below the threshold of -1.6 MPa in any season, although, FRM caused, Psi(stem) to fall below 1.8 MPa in 2017. RDI reduced vegetative growth and did not cause significant lower yields or fruit quality. However, with SDI there was a trend towards smaller fruits and a slightly higher soluble solid content. Post-harvest deficit irrigation increased water productivity without penalizing fruit yield or the quality parameters studied, and allowed water savings of 39% compared to CTL at a time when other fruit tree species require more water. Moreover, RDI and SDI led to significantly less cracking incidence and a lower cracking index, which could extend fruit shelf life.This work was supported by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry (MINECO) and the European Agricultural Funds for Rural Development. Reference: AGL2013-49047-C2-1-R, AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R and the "Fundacion Seneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia" of the Region of Murcia under the Excelence Group Program 19895/GERM/15. Victor Blanco acknowledges the research initiation grant received from the Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT). The authors are grateful to Pedro and Agustin Carrion-Guardiola, "Finca Toll." farm owners, for letting them use their facilities to carry out the tests

Integrated Membrane Process for the Treatment and Reuse of Residual Table Olive Fermentation Brine and Anaerobically Digested Sludge Centrate

[EN] Management of wastewater is a major challenge nowadays, due to increasing water demand, growing population and more stringent regulations on water quality. Wastewaters from food conservation are especially difficult to treat, since they have high salinity and high organic matter concentration. The aim of this work is the treatment of the effluent from a table olive fermentation process (FTOP) with the aim of reusing it once the organic matter is separated. The process proposed in this work consists of the following membrane-based technologies: Ultrafiltration (UF) (UP005, Microdyn Nadir), Forward Osmosis (FO) (Osmen2521, Hydration Technology Innovation) and Nanofiltration (NF) (NF245, Dow). The FO process was implemented to reduce the salinity entering the NF process, using the FTOP as draw solution and, at the same time, to concentrate the centrate produced in the sludge treatment of a municipal wastewater treatment plant with the aim of obtaining a stream enriched in nutrients. The UF step achieved the elimination of 50% of the chemical oxygen demand of the FTOP. The UF permeate was pumped to the FO system reducing the volume of the anaerobically digested sludge centrate (ADSC) by a factor of 3 in 6.5 h. Finally, the ultrafiltrated FTOP diluted by FO was subjected to NF. The transmembrane pressure needed in the NF stage was 40% lower than that required if the ultrafiltration permeate was directly nanofiltered. By means of the integrated process, the concentration of organic matter and phenolic compounds in the FTOP decreased by 97%. Therefore, the proposed process was able to obtain a treated brine that could be reused in other processes and simultaneously to concentrate a stream, such as the ADSC.This research was funded by CDTI (Centre for Industrial and Technological Development) depending on the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the INNPRONTA program, grant number IPT-20111020.Carbonell Alcaina, C.; Soler-Cabezas, JL.; Bes-Piá, M.; Vincent Vela, MC.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Pastor-Alcañiz, L.; Alvarez Blanco, S. (2020). Integrated Membrane Process for the Treatment and Reuse of Residual Table Olive Fermentation Brine and Anaerobically Digested Sludge Centrate. Membranes. 10(10):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100253S1141010Abou-Elela, S. I., Kamel, M. M., & Fawzy, M. E. (2010). Biological treatment of saline wastewater using a salt-tolerant microorganism. Desalination, 250(1), 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.03.022Ferrer-Polonio, E., Iborra-Clar, A., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2014). Fermentation brines from Spanish style green table olives processing: treatment alternatives before recycling or recovery operations. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 91(1), 131-137. doi:10.1002/jctb.4550Reid, E., Liu, X., & Judd, S. J. (2006). Effect of high salinity on activated sludge characteristics and membrane permeability in an immersed membrane bioreactor. Journal of Membrane Science, 283(1-2), 164-171. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.021Ferrer-Polonio, E., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Iborra-Clar, A., Alonso-Molina, J. ., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2015). Comparison of two strategies for the start-up of a biological reactor for the treatment of hypersaline effluents from a table olive packaging industry. Chemical Engineering Journal, 273, 595-602. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.062Li, H., Meng, F., Duan, W., Lin, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Biodegradation of phenol in saline or hypersaline environments by bacteria: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 184, 109658. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109658Ayed, L., Asses, N., Chammem, N., Ben Othman, N., & Hamdi, M. (2017). Advanced oxidation process and biological treatments for table olive processing wastewaters: constraints and a novel approach to integrated recycling process: a review. Biodegradation, 28(2-3), 125-138. doi:10.1007/s10532-017-9782-0Ferrer-Polonio, E., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Iborra-Clar, A., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2015). Adsorption of raw and treated by membranes fermentation brines from table olives processing for phenolic compounds separation and recovery. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 91(7), 2094-2102. doi:10.1002/jctb.4807El-Abbassi, A., Kiai, H., Raiti, J., & Hafidi, A. (2014). Application of ultrafiltration for olive processing wastewaters treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 432-438. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.016Carbonell-Alcaina, C., Álvarez-Blanco, S., Bes-Piá, M. A., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2018). Ultrafiltration of residual fermentation brines from the production of table olives at different operating conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, 662-672. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.127Kiai, H., García-Payo, M. C., Hafidi, A., & Khayet, M. (2014). Application of membrane distillation technology in the treatment of table olive wastewaters for phenolic compounds concentration and high quality water production. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 86, 153-161. doi:10.1016/j.cep.2014.09.007Vu, M. T., Ansari, A. J., Hai, F. I., & Nghiem, L. D. (2018). Performance of a seawater-driven forward osmosis process for pre-concentrating digested sludge centrate: organic enrichment and membrane fouling. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 4(7), 1047-1056. doi:10.1039/c8ew00132dSoler-Cabezas, J. L., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Vincent-Vela, M. C., Luján-Facundo, M. J., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2018). Simultaneous concentration of nutrients from anaerobically digested sludge centrate and pre-treatment of industrial effluents by forward osmosis. Separation and Purification Technology, 193, 289-296. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.058Duan, J., Litwiller, E., Choi, S.-H., & Pinnau, I. (2014). Evaluation of sodium lignin sulfonate as draw solute in forward osmosis for desert restoration. Journal of Membrane Science, 453, 463-470. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.029Hu, B., Jiang, M., Zhao, S., Ji, X., Shu, Q., Tian, B., … Zhang, L. (2019). Biogas slurry as draw solution of forward osmosis process to extract clean water from micro-polluted water for hydroponic cultivation. Journal of Membrane Science, 576, 88-95. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.029Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). [14] Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 152-178. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(99)99017-1De Castro, A., & Brenes, M. (2001). Fermentation of washing waters of Spanish-style green olive processing. Process Biochemistry, 36(8-9), 797-802. doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00280-6Luján-Facundo, M. J., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Soler-Cabezas, J. L., Bes-Piá, A., Vincent-Vela, M. C., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2019). Use of the osmotic membrane bioreactor for the management of tannery wastewater using absorption liquid waste as draw solution. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 131, 292-299. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2019.09.024Ferrer-Polonio, E., Carbonell-Alcaina, C., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Iborra-Clar, A., Álvarez-Blanco, S., Bes-Piá, A., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2017). Brine recovery from hypersaline wastewaters from table olive processing by combination of biological treatment and membrane technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1377-1386. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.169Papadaki, E., & Mantzouridou, F. T. (2016). Current status and future challenges of table olive processing wastewater valorization. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 112, 103-113. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.008Carbonell-Alcaina, C., Corbatón-Báguena, M.-J., Álvarez-Blanco, S., Bes-Piá, M. A., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., & Pastor-Alcañiz, L. (2016). Determination of fouling mechanisms in polymeric ultrafiltration membranes using residual brines from table olive storage wastewaters as feed. Journal of Food Engineering, 187, 14-23. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.04.016Sayadi, S., Allouche, N., Jaoua, M., & Aloui, F. (2000). Detrimental effects of high molecular-mass polyphenols on olive mill wastewater biotreatment. Process Biochemistry, 35(7), 725-735. doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00134-xLi, Y., Xu, Z., Xie, M., Zhang, B., Li, G., & Luo, W. (2020). Resource recovery from digested manure centrate: Comparison between conventional and aquaporin thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 593, 117436. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117436Bargeman, G., Vollenbroek, J. M., Straatsma, J., Schroën, C. G. P. H., & Boom, R. M. (2005). Nanofiltration of multi-component feeds. Interactions between neutral and charged components and their effect on retention. Journal of Membrane Science, 247(1-2), 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2004.05.022Koyuncu, I., Topacik, D., & Wiesner, M. R. (2004). Factors influencing flux decline during nanofiltration of solutions containing dyes and salts. Water Research, 38(2), 432-440. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.001Virga, E., Spruijt, E., de Vos, W. M., & Biesheuvel, P. M. (2018). Wettability of Amphoteric Surfaces: The Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on Surface Ionization and Wetting. Langmuir, 34(50), 15174-15180. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02875Van der Bruggen, B., Cornelis, G., Vandecasteele, C., & Devreese, I. (2005). 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Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on vegetative growth and yield of sweet cherry

[SPA] Se realizó un ensayo de riego deficitario controlado (RDC) de dos años de duración en cerezo (P. avium L. cv “Prime Giant”) con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de RDC sobre el rendimiento y crecimiento vegetativo del árbol. El déficit hídrico moderado aplicado en RDC en poscosecha no afectó al rendimiento pero sí al vigor de los árboles resultado en un menor peso de poda. RDC supuso un ahorro de agua del 35% con respecto al tratamiento control. [ENG] A two-year experiment in sweet cherry (P. avium L. cv “Prime Giant”) trees under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) was carried out to evaluate the effect of RDI on vegetative growth and yield. The moderate water stress during postharvest achieved significantly lower pruning wood and not involving a lower yield. RDC resulted in water saving of 35% compared to the control treatment.Este trabajo fue financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad del Gobierno de España (MINECO) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Ref. AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R). Víctor Blanco agradece a la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT) la beca de iniciación a la actividad investigadora que le fue concedida. Los autores agradecen a Pedro y Agustín Carrión-Guardiola de “Finca Toli” todas las facilidades dadas para llevar a cabo los ensayos realizados