Improvement of information technology tools to collect, process and analyse data on wildlife population

ENETWILD consortium with the collaboration of the MammalNet project2 has promoted some informatic tools to improve the data collection of wildlife distribution and abundance: iMammalia; MammalWeb and Agouti. Here we update the activities in relation to (i) the new languages implemented; (ii) new functionalities, (iii) and the improvement and testing of the artificial intelligence module to identify species in Agouti. The iMammalia app is now available in 17 languages with at least two more to be added soon. MammalWeb is available in six languages with more to be added soon. Agouti is available in seven languages. iMammalia automates data transfer to the global database GBIF, and MammalWeb will consider a similar approach in the near future. Technical improvements were made to meet the needs of iMammalia as a carcass reporting app for wild boar, which will favour early awareness in case of ASF outbreak. As for density estimation through camera trapping, processing of big number of images by hand is tedious, and to facilitate the annotation process Agouti offers and has continuously improved automatic species recognition using Artificial Intelligence (AI). We summarize several topics for the further development of Agouti

Seguimiento y recuperación de las poblaciones de conejo europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus) en Mallorca (Illes Balears) (2016-2019)

[spa] El conejo europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) es una especie clave y de gran interés económico y ecológico en los ecosistemas Mediterráneos. Durante las últimas décadas los drásticos cambios en los usos del territorio han transformado parte de él, modificando los hábitats naturales, problemática que se ha visto agravada con la incidencia de dos enfermedades víricas, la mixomatosis y la enfermedad hemorrágica (RHD), lo que ha provocado un importante declive de las poblaciones de conejo en Mallorca. La conservación de la especie se ha basado en determinadas ocasiones en la realización de repoblaciones. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio iniciado en Mallorca cuya finalidad última es la de minimizar los riesgos asociados con esta medida de gestión, y establecer las bases metodológicas para una correcta recuperación de la especie. Por todo ello, se ha llevado a cabo un muestreo de las poblaciones de conejo susceptibles de ser donadoras, analizando sus características genéticas y sanitarias, a la par que se realiza una prospección de la situación de las poblaciones de conejo silvestre de Mallorca. De esta forma, la administración cinegética de Mallorca ha desarrollado durante los años 2016 y 2019 la cría experimental de conejo de campo partir de seis poblaciones donadoras en condiciones controladas de semi-libertad en el Centre Cinegètic de Mallorca. Los conejos obtenidos han servido para repoblar zonas en las que la densidad de conejo era baja o nula. Las bajas causadas por la nueva variante de la RHD (virus RHDV-2) en los núcleos de cría, y la depredación en las áreas de repoblación, han sido las causas de mortalidad más importantes. Posteriormente, se han observado tasas de mortalidad menores, lo que sugiere una mayor capacidad de respuesta inmunológica natural a la RHD, y las siguientes repoblaciones realizadas en la isla hasta la actualidad han mostrado altas tasas de supervivencia y adaptación de los ejemplares.[cat] El conill europeu (Oryctolagus cuniculus) és una espècie clau i de gran interès econòmic i ecològic als ecosistemes Mediterranis. Durant les últimes dècades els dràstics canvis en els usos del territori han transformat part d'ell, modificant els hàbitats naturals, problemàtica que s'ha vist agreujada amb la incidència de dues malalties víriques, la mixomatosi i la malaltia hemorràgica (RHD), el que ha provocat un important declivi de les poblacions de conill a Mallorca. La conservació de l'espècie s'ha basat en determinades ocasions en la realització de repoblacions. En aquest treball es mostren els resultats d'un estudi iniciat a Mallorca la finalitat última és la de minimitzar els riscos associats amb aquesta mesura de gestió, i establir les bases metodològiques per a una correcta recuperació de l'espècie. Per tot això, s'ha dut a terme un mostreig de les poblacions de conill susceptibles de ser donadores, analitzant les seves característiques genètiques i sanitàries, al mateix temps que es realitza una prospecció de la situació de les poblacions de conill silvestre de Mallorca. D'aquesta manera, l'administració cinegètica de Mallorca ha desenvolupat durant els anys 2016 i 2019 la cria experimental de conill de camp partir de sis poblacions donadores en condicions controlades de semi-llibertat al Centre cinegètic de Mallorca. Els conills obtinguts han servit per a repoblar zones en què la densitat de conill era baixa o nul·la. Les baixes causades per la nova variant de la RHD (virus RHDV-2) en els nuclis de cria, i la depredació en les àrees de repoblació, han estat les causes de mortalitat més importants. Posteriorment, s'han observat taxes de mortalitat menors, el que suggereix una major capacitat de resposta immunològica natural a l'RHD, i les següents repoblacions realitzades a l'illa fins a l'actualitat han mostrat altes taxes de supervivència i adaptació dels exemplars.[eng] The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a key species of great ecological and economical interest in the Mediterranean ecosystem. During the last decades important changes in the land use have transformed part of its natural habitat, a problem that has been aggravated by the incidence of two viral diseases, myxomatosis and hemorrhagic disease (RHD) causing a major decline in the populations of Mallorca. The conservation of the species has been based on certain occasions in the realization of repopulations. This paper shows the results of a study initiated in Mallorca whose ultimate purpose is to minimize the risks associated with this management measure, and establish the methodological basis for a correct recovery of the species. Therefore, a sampling of the rabbit populations susceptible of being donors has been carried out, analyzing their genetic and sanitary characteristics, at the same time that a survey of the situation of the wild rabbit populations of Mallorca has been carried out. In this way, the hunting administration of Mallorca has developed during the years 2016 and 2019 the field rabbit experimental breeding from six donor populations in controlled conditions of semi-freedom in the Center Cinegètic de Mallorca. The rabbits obtained have served to repopulate areas in which rabbit density was low or zero. The losses caused by the new variant of the RHD (virus RHDV-2) in the breeding nuclei, and the predation in the areas of repopulation, have been the most important causes of mortality. Subsequently, lower mortality rates have been observed, suggesting a greater natural immune response capacity to the RHD, and the following repopulations carried out on the island until now have shown high rates of survival and adaptation of the specimens

Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Feral American mink (Neogale vison) continues to expand its European range: time to harmonize population monitoring and coordinate control

1. The American mink Neogale vison is an invasive alien species in Europe that threatens endemic biodiversity and can transmit zoonotic diseases, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The last attempt to map the geographic range of this species in Europe, at continental scale, dates back to 2007. 2. We aimed to update the distribution map of the feral American mink and assess its temporal trends. The information we collected was critically analysed with the aim of improving future monitoring protocols and data collection. 3. We gathered and standardised data from 34 databases, covering 32 countries. Through 3 five-year periods from 2007 to 2021, changes in range size, hunting bags and capture statistics were analysed. We also reviewed the current situation of mink farming in the different European countries and recorded population control schemes. 4. The American mink is now widespread in the Baltic States, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Poland, Scandinavia, Spain and the UK. The species is reported to be absent in some areas (e.g. parts of the UK, Iceland and Norway). Data are deficient for several countries, mainly in south-eastern Europe. These findings indicate that, during the last 15 years, the species has continued to spread across the continent, increasing its potential extent of occurrence in most countries. Our effort to collect and harmonise data across international borders highlighted information gaps and heterogeneity in data quality. 5. Updated distribution data on the species provided here will aid risk assessment and risk management policies. These actions require a coordinated effort for population monitoring at continental level. Monitoring effort and data collection should be intensified in south-eastern Europe to improve data on the current distribution of this invasive species.This work was made possible thanks to the ENETWILD project (www.enetwild.com) funded by EFSA (www.efsa.europa.eu) (“Wildlife: collecting and sharing data on wildlife populations, transmitting animal disease agents”, contract number: OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2016/01). This study also benefited from the Invasion Dynamics Network (InDyNet), the AlienCSI CA17122 COST Action funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology and the hunting associations of the German Federal States within WILD. Project reference PID2019-111699RB-I00 (National Research Program of Spain).Peer reviewe

Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

International audienceOn 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta