Agriculture Public Spending and Growth:The Example of Indonesia

This note analyzes the trends and evolution of public spending in the agriculture sector in Indonesia, as well as its impact on the growth of agriculture during the period 1976–2006. Public spending on agriculture and irrigation had a positive impact on agriculture growth during that period, whereas public spending on fertilizer subsidies had the opposite effect. As Indonesia continues its efforts to revitalize the agriculture sector, public spending should be directed at improving the provision of public services rather than at subsidizing private inputs.Agriculture, Public Spending, Growth, Indonesia, irrigation, public services, private inputs, subsidies, farming, developing countries

Who is benefiting from fertilizer subsidies in Indonesia ?

Using the Agricultural Census 2003 and the Rice Household Survey 2008 for Indonesia, this paper analyzes the distribution of benefits from fertilizer subsidies and their impact on rice production. The findings suggest that most farmers benefit from fertilizer subsidies; however, the 40 percent largest farmers capture up to 60 percent of the subsidy. The regressive nature of the fertilizer subsidies is in line with research carried out in other countries, the result of larger farms using a larger volume of fertilizer. This paper confirms that fertilizer used in adequate quantities has a positive and significant impact on rice yields, but it also provides evidence that over-using fertilizer has an adverse impact on yields (an inverted U-curve relationship).Fertilizers,Crops&Crop Management Systems,Economic Theory&Research,Regional Economic Development,Rural Poverty Reduction

Agriculture public spending and growth in Indonesia

This paper analyzes the trends and evolution of public spending in the agriculture sector in Indonesia, as well as the impact of public spending on agricultural growth. It finds that, in line with empirical work undertaken in other countries, public spending on agriculture and irrigation during the period 1976-2006 had a positive impact on agricultural growth, while public spending on fertilizer subsidies had the opposite effect. The composition of spending patterns in Indonesia over the past decade can partly explain why significant increases in public spending for agriculture have not resulted in a commensurate increase of agricultural production. The paper is structured as follows. Section I presents analytical and empirical findings about the impact of overall public spending on growth, with a particular focus on Indonesia, followed by an analysis of the government's role in agriculture. More precisely, it discusses how public spending can contribute to higher productivity and faster growth in the sector. The section draws lessons from the empirical literature and country examples worldwide, exploring the implications of some of these findings in the Indonesia context. Section II presents the results of an empirical analysis of the impact of agriculture public spending on agriculture gross domestic product per capita growth in Indonesia, using time series analysis with both ordinary least squares and generalized method of moments econometric techniques. Section III analyzes in detail agriculture public spending trends in Indonesia over the period 2000-08, highlighting that a large and increasing share of the spending is being allocated to subsidies (fertilizer, credit, seeds) and to fund transfers to farmers and farmers'groups.Economic Theory&Research,Public Sector Economics,Agricultural Research,Rural Development Knowledge&Information Systems,Agribusiness

Matrimonio y adopción igualitaria : incertidumbre de un derecho sin resolver

El siguiente trabajo de grado esta direccionado a visibilizar la actual situación de los integrantes de la comunidad LGBTI que se quieren casar con su respectiva pareja y desean crear una familia por medio de la adopción. Lastimosamente para la creación de esta familia, a la comunidad LGBTI les ha tocado luchar para hacer valer sus derechos y querer ver una igualdad referente a las personas heterosexuales. El pensamiento conservador en el que el país creció ha sido una de las principales causas de discriminación contra la comunidad LGBTI, esta segregación ha venido aumentando en estos últimos años gracias a la aparición de numerosas iglesias cristianas que consideran la homosexualidad como un pecado.Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

El rol del Amazonas en el razonamiento de la geopolítica estatal brasileña (2003-2015)

Este artículo explora el rol geopolítico del Amazonas en el Brasil, a través del análisis de las amenazas que Brasil percibe en la región en contra de sus interese y soberanía nacional. Con este propósito, el artículo hace una revisión de los textos de la Escuela Geopolítica brasileña, lo que permite identificar los principios geopolíticos atribuidos a la región amazónica. Después el artículo propone un modelo de percepción de la amenaza, el cual permite identificar dos amenazas percibidas por Brasil en la región. La primera amenaza, es el discurso de protección del medio ambiente, promovido por la Organización de Naciones Unidas. La segunda amenaza, es la presencia de las Fuerzas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) en el territorio brasileño. Finalmente, el artículo analiza la reacción brasileña a las amenazas, mediante la examinación de la política exterior e interna brasileña relevante frente a las amenazas.This article shows the possible geopolitical role that the Amazonian rainforest has for Brazil, through the analysis of the threats that Brazil perceives in the region against its interests and sovereignty. For this purpose, the article does a revision of the geopolitical texts of the Brazilian Geopolitical School, which allows to identify the main geopolitical principles that cover the Amazonas region. Further the research focus on the perception process a State passes in order to identify threats in a region, which allowed the identification of two threats that Brazil perceives in the region. The first one is the discourse for the protection of the environment promoted by the United Nations. The second one is the presence of the Fuerzas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) in the Amazonas. Finally the article analyses the Brazilian reaction to the threats, through the examination of Brazil’s foreign policy and internal policy relevant to the threats

Mucocele submandibular en un perro mestizo del municipio de Florencia Caquetá-Colombia. Descripción de caso clínico

An approach to clinical case corresponding to mucocele extravasation in submandibular gland in a mongrel canine Florence Township, Caqueta in the Colombian Amazon is presented. In the region, this kind of casuistry is not common and there are no statistics. According to Welch (2009) are some predisposing breeds like the German Shepherd, Poodle, Silky Terrier and the Dachshund, occurring in greater proportion in males; coinciding with the author. The canine considered Creole in the clinical case addressed through surgery, presents phenotypic characteristics that might be associated with Dachshund and German Shepherd which can be considered a factor related to the alteration.Se presenta un abordaje de caso clínico correspondiente a un mucocele de la glándula submandibular en un perro mestizo del municipio de Florencia, departamento de Caquetá en la Amazonía colombiana. En la región, este tipo de casuística no es común y no existen estadísticas al respecto. De acuerdo con Welch (2009) hay algunas razas predisponentes como el Pastor Alemán, Caniche, Silky Terrier y el Teckel, presentándose en mayor proporción en los machos; coincidiendo con esta autora. El perro considerado como criollo en el caso clínico abordado a través de intervención quirúrgica, presenta características fenotípicas que lo podrían asociar con Teckel y Pastor Alemán lo cual puede considerarse un factor de relación con la alteración