Review of \u3cem\u3eChallenges for Work and Family in the Twenty-First Century.\u3c/em\u3e Dana Vannoy and Paula J. Dubeck (Eds.). Reviewed by Blanche Grosswald, University of California, Berkeley.

Book review of Dana Vannoy and Paula J. Dubeck (Eds.), Challenges for Work and Family in the Twenty-First Century. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998. $43.95 hardcover,$21.95 papercover

Shift Work and Negative Work-to-Family Spillover

A representative sample of the U.S. workforce from 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce data (Families & Work Institute, 1999) was examined to study the relationship between shift work and negative workto- family spillover. Negative spillover was measured by Likert-scale frequency responses to questions concerning mood, energy, and time for family as functions of one\u27s job. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests, ANOVAs, and multiple regressions. Among wage earners with families (n = 2,429), shift work showed a significant, strong, positive relationship to high negative work-to-family spillover when controlling for standard demographic characteristics as well as education and occupation. Distinctions among evening, night, rotating and split shifts revealed the highest negative spillover for rotating shift workers. Additional workrelated factors influencing negative spillover included number of work hours, preference for fewer work hours (positive associations), supervisory support, job autonomy, and a family-supportive job culture (negative associations)

I Raised My Kids on the Bus : Transit Shift Workers\u27 Coping Strategies for Parenting

The study investigated coping strategies for parenting of transit shift workers, an urban, blue-collar, primarily ethnic minority population. It involved a qualitative, grounded theory approach, using individual interviews with 30 San Francisco bus drivers. The principal aspect of the job impacting transit workers\u27 relationships with their children was the lack of time they had together. Drivers had to be creative to find ways to care for their children. They could not rely exclusively on formal child care because hours at childcare centers did not match their job schedules. Coping strategies for care included taking children on the bus, working shifts complementary to those of spouses, using siblings as surrogate parents, substituting material gifts for time, and separating work from family. Future research cannot group shift work as one composite. Shiftworking doctors and nurses experience different working conditions from those of bus drivers that may lead to variations in parental caring. Policy suggestions include child care services and shorter shifts