Serum vitamin d levels and early diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of UMF no. 53 leon gto.

Existe evidencia creciente que relaciona la deficiencia de vitamina D y la predisposición a desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como la evolución de ambas enfermedades. Por su parte, la hiperglicemia sostenida ocasiona fenómenos bioquímicos que se manifiestan como enfermedades micro y macrovasculares que se pueden identificar mediante parámetros no invasivos como la medición del índice tobillo-brazo.  El presente estudio pretende identificar la asociación de los niveles séricos de vitamina D y el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal-analítico de correlación. Los seleccionados fueron sometidos a mediciones antropométricas y bioquímicas, y así mismo se calculó el índice tobillo-brazo. Se estudiaron 61 pacientes encontrando 52.5% con deficiencia de vitamina D y 47.5% con rangos normales. Los valores del índice Tobillo-brazo tanto en hombres como en mujeres sin diferencias significativas. Los valores de vitamina D y el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes arrojaron una correlación negativa, no así con la variable colesterol, donde se observó una correlación indirecta significativa. El estudio no identifica asociación alguna entre los niveles séricos de vitamina D y el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus.    There is growing evidence linking vitamin D deficiency and the predisposition to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the evolution of both diseases. For its part, sustained hyperglycemia causes biochemical phenomena that manifest as micro and macrovascular diseases that can be identified by non-invasive parameters such as the measurement of the ankle-brachial index. The present study aims to identify the association of serum vitamin D levels and early diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. An observational, cross-analytical correlation study was carried out. Those selected underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and the ankle-brachial index was also calculated. 61 patients were studied, finding 52.5% with vitamin D deficiency and 47.5% with normal ranges. Ankle-brachial index values ​​in both men and women without significant differences. The values ​​of vitamin D and the time of evolution of the diabetes showed a negative correlation, but not with the cholesterol variable, where a significant indirect correlation was observed. The study does not identify any association between serum vitamin D levels and early diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Dinapenia y niveles séricos de vitamina D en pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 adscritos a la unidad de medicina familiar 53, León, Guanajuato

Objective: To determine the relationship between Dinapenia and the serum levels of vitamin D in patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus assigned to the family medicine unit 53, León, Gto. Material and methods: A study with a cross-sectional, analytical, observational, prospective comparative design with a quantitative approach was carried out. Statistical analysis was descriptive statistics with measurement of means and standard deviation. SPSS was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The relationship of qualitative variables was by comparison of proportions tests (Chi-square), using a significance level of p<0.05; For proportions of quantitative variables, the Pearson test was performed. Results: 61 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included, of whom 15 were men (24.6) and 46 (75.4%) women. There was no significant relationship between dynapenia and serum levels of Vitamin D (p=0.87); 27.9% of the patients presented dynapenia and vitamin D deficiency of the total population studied. Conclusion: There was no correlation between Dynapenia and serum levels of vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a greater deficiency of Vitamin D and alteration of the lipid profile was demonstrated in patients with Dynapenia.Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre Dinapenia y los niveles séricos de vitamina D en pacientes con diagnóstico de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 adscritos a la unidad de medicina familiar 53, León, Gto. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio con diseño transversal analítico, observacional, prospectivo comparativo con enfoque cuantitativo. Análisis estadístico fue estadística descriptiva con medición de medias y desviación estándar. Se realizó SPSS mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La relación de variables cualitativas fue por pruebas de comparación de proporciones (Chi-cuadrada), usando un nivel de significancia de p<0.05; para proporciones de variables cuantitativas se realizó prueba de Pearson.Resultados: Se incluyeron a 61 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de los cuales 15 fueron hombres (24.6) y 46 (75.4%) mujeres. No existió una relación significativa entre la dinapenia y niveles séricos de Vitamina D (p=0.87); el 27.9% de los pacientes presentaron dinapenia y deficiencia de vitamina D del total de la población estudiada. Conclusiones: No existió correlación entre  Dinapenia y  niveles séricos de vitamina D en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Sin embargo se demostró mayor deficiencia de Vitamina D y alteración del perfil de lípidos en los pacientes con Dinapenia. &nbsp

Mujeres rurales, tierra y producción : participación de mujeres rurales en cadenas de valor

Esta publicación recoge 6 estudios de casos sobre las mujeres campesinas, afrodescendientes e indígenas, en diferentes procesos productivos en la agricultura y pesca artesanal en El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela. En cada uno de los casos estudiados se plantea la necesidad de generar acciones desde los diferentes espacios para garantizar que las mujeres puedan potenciar sus capacidades productivas, así como recibir una retribución justa del esfuerzo productivo que realizan. El objetivo es hacer una contribución al conocimiento para enfrentar la exclusión social, económica y cultural que viven las mujeres productoras rurales desde sus diversas identidades. El análisis de las cadenas de valor orgánicas de la semilla de marañón, el café, la miel y el cacao, así como la de la pesca artesanal y la de salsa de tomate, dejan plasmada la constancia del aporte significativo que están haciendo las mujeres al desarrollo de sus comunidades y al de sus familias

Telomerase activity, estrogen receptors (α, β), Bcl-2 expression in human breast cancer and treatment response

BACKGROUND: The mechanism for maintaining telomere integrity is controlled by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that specifically restores telomere sequences, lost during replication by means of an intrinsic RNA component as a template for polymerization. Among the telomerase subunits, hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) is expressed concomitantly with the activation of telomerase. The role of estrogens and their receptors in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT has been demonstrated. The current study determines the possible association between telomerase activity, the expression of both molecular forms of estrogen receptor (ERα and ERβ) and the protein bcl-2, and their relative associations with clinical parameters. METHODS: Tissue samples from 44 patients with breast cancer were used to assess telomerase activity using the TRAP method and the expression of ERα, ERβ and bcl-2 by means of immunocytochemical techniques. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 59% of the 44 breast tumors examined. Telomerase activity ranged from 0 to 49.93 units of total product generated (TPG). A correlation was found between telomerase activity and differentiation grade (p = 0.03). The only significant independent marker of response to treatment was clinical stage. We found differences between the frequency of expression of ERα (88%) and ERβ (36%) (p = 0.007); bcl-2 was expressed in 79.5% of invasive breast carcinomas. We also found a significant correlation between low levels of telomerase activity and a lack of ERβ expression (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Lower telomerase activity was found among tumors that did not express estrogen receptor beta. This is the first published study demonstrating that the absence of expression of ERβ is associated with low levels of telomerase activity

Cardiopatía isquémica en mujeres mexicanas

Objetivo: Identificar la diferencia en la presentación de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) con respecto al género. Pacientes y métodos: En pacientes referidos a cateterismo cardíaco investigamos factores de riesgo coronario, diagnóstico clínico, enfermedades asociadas, fracción de expulsión del ventrículo izquierdo y presencia de lesiones coronarias. Los datos fueron analizados con x², t de Student, razón de momios, así como intervalos de confianza. Un valor de p < 0.05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: Estudiamos 586 pacientes, 409 fueron hombres. Las mujeres tuvieron edad mayor que los varones (59.43 ± 9.93 años vs 56.80 ± 10.14, p < 0.05). La frecuencia de lesiones coronarias en mujeres fue de 56 vs 81% en hombres. La proporción de estudios positivos de medicina nuclear (14 vs 16%) y prueba de esfuerzo fueron similares (36 vs 28%). El infarto agudo del miocardio fue la presentación más frecuente en hombres (46%) mientras que en las mujeres fue la angina (57%). El tabaquismo se observó más en hombres (72 vs 26%) y la HAS en mujeres (65 vs 48%). No hubo diferencias en la frecuencia de diabetes mellitus y dislipidemia. Conclusiones: El factor de riesgo más frecuente en las mujeres fue la hipertensión arterial, en los hombres el tabaquismo. Las pruebas de inducción de isquemia son menos específicas en la población femenina para identificar aterosclerosis coronaria. A pesar de los resultados de laboratorio, gabinete y clínica, tuvimos una gran proporción de mujeres con coronarias sin lesiones aterosclerosas

Clinical Correlations of Striatal Hand Deformities in Parkinson\u27s Disease

BACKGROUND: Hand deformities have been recognized since the XIX century as part of the postural abnormalities observed in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD). However, their pathogenesis and clinical correlations are poorly understood. METHODS: We evaluated 104 hands of 52 consecutive patients with PD by high resolution photographs taken from the radial aspect of each hand; the degree of flexion of the 2(nd) metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was measured by software. The presence of classical striatal hand deformity (CSHD) was also evaluated, defined as MCP flexion, proximal interphalangeal joint extension and distal interphalangeal joint flexion. RESULTS: Patients with PD had a mean age of 63.3 +/- 12.7 years and 29 (56%) were males. The degree of MCP joint flexion in both hands showed moderate correlation with the MDS-UPDRS-III motor score (r=0.518, P\u3c0.001); mainly related to ipsilateral rigidity and ipsilateral bradykinesia scores; and fair correlation with the Hoehn-Yahr stage. A CSHD only correlated with a younger age at onset of PD (P=0.049). These hand deformities were not markers of dyskinesia, levodopa-dose or cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: MCP joint flexion is the most common hand deformity in PD and correlates with rigidity and bradykinesia. A CSHD was only related to a younger age at onset. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Classification of Magnetic Resonance Images: Advances and Perspectives

This chapter examines the advances and perspectives of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classification of magnetic resonance (MR) images. It focuses on the development of AI-based automatic classification models that have achieved competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art. Accurate and efficient classification of MR images is essential for medical diagnosis but can be challenging due to the complexity and variability of the data. AI offers tools and techniques that can effectively address these challenges. The chapter first addresses the fundamentals of artificial intelligence applied to the classification of medical images, including machine learning techniques and convolutional neural networks. Here, recent advances in the use of AI to classify MRI images in various clinical applications, such as brain tumor detection, are explored. Additionally, advantages and challenges associated with implementing AI models in clinical settings are discussed, such as the interpretability of results and integration with existing radiology systems. Prospects for AI in MR image classification are also highlighted, including the combination of multiple imaging modalities and the use of more advanced AI approaches such as reinforcement learning and model generation

Insulin and Leptin Levels in Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants of Diabetic Mother

Objective: Intensified management of gestational diabetes mellitus can normalize birth weight. However, it is still unknown whether intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes is a risk factor for changing hormone levels involved in the development of insulin resistance in these infants. We compared insulin and leptin levels in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants of diabetic and non diabetic mothers. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in the department of Neonatology of the Hospital of Gynecology-Pediatrics, in Leon, Mexico. We evaluated 182 full term AGA newborns (86 infants of diabetic and 96 of non-diabetic mothers). A venous blood sample was taken from cord blood immediately after the separation of the placenta and glucose, insulin and leptin levels were measured. In all diabetic mothers HbA1c was also evaluated immediately post-partum. Findings: Leptin, insulin and insulin resistance index were significantly higher in infants of diabetic mothers. Leptin levels were positive correlated with insulin, parents` body mass index and age in the entire group. In infants of diabetic mothers only insulin levels showed a significantly correlation, whereas in those of nondiabetic mothers only mothers` age was significantly correlated with leptin levels. Conclusion: AGA infants of diabetic mothers showed higher leptin, insulin levels and insulin resistance index than those of non-diabetic mothers

Impact of Oxidative Stress in Premature Aging and Iron Overload in Hemodialysis Patients

Background. Increased oxidative stress is a well described feature of patients in hemodialysis. Their need for multiple blood transfusions and supplemental iron causes a significant iron overload that has recently been associated with increased oxidation of polyunsaturated lipids and accelerated aging due to DNA damage caused by telomere shortening. Methods. A total of 70 patients were evaluated concomitantly, 35 volunteers with ferritin levels below 500 ng/mL (Group A) and 35 volunteers with ferritin levels higher than 500 ng/mL (Group B). A sample of venous blood was taken to extract DNA from leukocytes and to measure relative telomere length by real-time PCR. Results. Patients in Group B had significantly higher plasma TBARS (p=0.008), carbonyls (p=0.0004), and urea (p=0.02) compared with those in Group A. Telomeres were significantly shorter in Group B, 0.66 (SD, 0.051), compared with 0.75 (SD, 0.155) in Group A (p=0.0017). We observed a statistically significant association between relative telomere length and ferritin levels (r=-0.37, p=0.001). Relative telomere length was inversely related to time on hemodialysis (r=-0.27, p=0.02). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that iron overload was associated with increased levels of oxidative stress and shorter relative telomere length