Life Cycle Assessment of bamboo (guadua angustifolia stems) as building material for structural applications

Bamboo products have been proven to be a good altemative to hardwoods in the production of building materials, thus reducing the risk of deforestation primarily in tropical areas. Furthermore, bamboo also benefits from a very fast growing capacity when cultivated under adequate conditions, the ability to grow in non-productive land (e.g. eroded slopes) and the capacity to resprout from its stump due to its resilient root structure. Furthennore, its extensive root network promotes carbon sequestration, facilitates protection against soil erosion and reduces water depletion. Besides, from a social and economic point of view, cultivation and comercial utilization of bamboo materials support local economies in rural areas of developing countries. Bamboo stems have excellent mechanical properties that allow its use as supporting structures replacing conventional construction materials such as hardwood, steel or precast concrete. The environmental benefits of usi ng this material need to be quantified. This paper investigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy performance of bamboo stems (guadua angustifolia) produced in Colombia under semi industrial conditions and utilized in Spain. These sustainability indicators are obtained using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology considering the following stages: stem harvesting in sustainably managed plantations, transport to processing plant, preservation/drying, transport to harbor, transport from harbor to harbor (from Colombia to Spain), transport to warehouse and storage. The functional unit considered in this assessment is a 6 meter-long stem, and the scenarios anal yzed include steam diameters 6, lO and 12 cm (weighing 1O, 14 and 17 kg respectively, dry matter basis). The calculations have been performed using Simapro 8 software and applying LCI databases from Ecoinvent v3 and ELCD v3. The environmental impacts associated with the consumption of electricity throughout the production, harvesting, processing and transportation of the bamboo materials have been adapted to the electricity mix in Colombia

Estudio de la generación de valor en el agroservicio y veterinaria la campiña de la ciudad de santa ana, a través de la ejecución de auditoría de marca y evaluación de marketing

En la actualidad las empresas de agroservicios se han descuidado de su presentación y de aspectos sumamente importantes, pues solamente les interesa vender y obtener las mayores ganancias posibles; al igual que las empresas de veterinaria, la mayoría se enfocan en la atención estrictamente de la mascota, dejan de lado su buen servicio y en brindar mejores productos para mantener la fidelidad de sus clientes

Engineered rHDL Nanoparticles as a Suitable Platform for Theranostic Applications

Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) can transport and specifically release drugs and imaging agents, mediated by the Scavenger Receptor Type B1 (SR-B1) present in a wide variety of tumor cells, providing convenient platforms for developing theranostic systems. Usually, phospholipids or Apo-A1 lipoproteins on the particle surfaces are the motifs used to conjugate molecules for the multifunctional purposes of the rHDL nanoparticles. Cholesterol has been less addressed as a region to bind molecules or functional groups to the rHDL surface. To maximize the efficacy and improve the radiolabeling of rHDL theranostic systems, we synthesized compounds with bifunctional agents covalently linked to cholesterol. This strategy means that the radionuclide was bound to the surface, while the therapeutic agent was encapsulated in the lipophilic core. In this research, HYNIC-S-(CH2)3-S-Cholesterol and DOTA-benzene-p-SC-NH-(CH2)2-NH-Cholesterol derivatives were synthesized to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) of HYNIC-rHDL and DOTA-rHDL, which can subsequently be linked to radionuclides for SPECT/PET imaging or targeted radiotherapy. HYNIC is used to complexing 99mTc and DOTA for labeling molecules with 111, 113mIn, 67, 68Ga, 177Lu, 161Tb, 225Ac, and 64Cu, among others. In vitro studies showed that the NPs of HYNIC-rHDL and DOTA-rHDL maintain specific recognition by SR-B1 and the ability to internalize and release, in the cytosol of cancer cells, the molecules carried in their core. The biodistribution in mice showed a similar behavior between rHDL (without surface modification) and HYNIC-rHDL, while DOTArHDL exhibited a different biodistribution pattern due to the significant reduction in the lipophilicity of the modified cholesterol molecule. Both systems demonstrated characteristics for the development of suitable theranostic platforms for personalized cancer treatment.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico), through Grant SEP-CONACyT-CB-2016-01-287217. the financing program for female scientists EDOMEX, Grant Number FICDTEM-2021-015

ARQUITECTURA DEL SISTEMA DE MONITOREO Y GENERACIÓN DE NOTIFICACIONES EN GNU/LINUX MEDIANTE AGENTES PARA UN SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DIGITAL

Es prioritario mejorar el desempeño y la eficiencia de los procesos administrativos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), para lo cual se requiere de Sistemas de Gestión Digital (SGD) que apoyen las funciones sustantivas de la IES y ofrezcan mecanismos para mantener la disponibilidad de los servicios. El objetivo fue diseñar la Arquitectura del Sistema de Monitoreo y Generación de Notificaciones (SMGN) basada en agentes. La función de los agentes fue el monitoreo de servidores y servicios en tiempo real, integrando el envío de notificaciones y generación de estadísticas. La implementación del SMGN se probó con los servidores donde se localizan los componentes del SGD, los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios, se obtuvieron mejores tiempos de respuesta al atender las fallas antes de que el usuario se percate de que el servicio no está activo. Por tanto, el SMGN se encarga de mejorar la eficiencia y disponibilidad de los servicios del SGD, mejorando la productividad, los tiempos de respuesta y la atención para la comunidad universitaria, beneficiando hasta a 3960 usuarios de la IES con una inversión mínima

Infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y coccidios intestinales en población general

Intestinal coccidia infections in patients infected with HIV is a latent health problem, because the individual carrier has a weakened immune system, increasing the incidence of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. This study aimed to describe infection by human immunodeficiency virus and intestinal coccidia in the general population. A bibliographic descriptive documentary design was applied, an exhaustive analysis of reliable documents that presented the information required in different international and national databases was used as a search strategy, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results found indicate the high prevalence of HIV patients infected by opportunistic parasites such as intestinal coccidia, among them the most frequent species were (Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis), in the data analyzed males were the most affected among ages 20 to 40 years. Concluding that patients with HIV are constantly exposed to various opportunistic infections, coccidia being the most frequent parasites, increasing mortality and morbidity rates in the population since people with HIV do not die from the virus but from opportunistic infections.  Las infecciones por coccidios intestinales en pacientes infectadas con VIH es un problema de salud latente, debido a que el individuo portador tiene debilitado el sistema inmunológico incrementa las tasas de morbilidad y la mortalidad en pacientes con VIH. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo informar sobre la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y coccidios intestinales en población general. Se aplicó un diseño documental de tipo descriptivo bibliográfico, se empleó como estrategia de búsqueda un análisis exhaustivo de documentos fiables que presentaron la información requerida en diferentes bases de datos de carácter internacional y nacional, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión Los resultados de nuestro estudio resaltan una prevalencia significativa de coinfecciones en individuos con VIH, particularmente vinculadas a la presencia de parásitos oportunistas, con una notable incidencia de coccidios intestinales. Entre estos últimos, se identificaron especies frecuentes como Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli y Cyclospora cayetanensis. Además, nuestros análisis sugieren que esta tendencia afecta de manera más prominente a la población masculina, especialmente a aquellos que se encuentran en el grupo de edades comprendido entre 20 y 40 años. Concluyendo que los pacientes con VIH están expuestos constantemente a diversas infecciones oportunistas siendo los coccidios los parásitos más habituales en la población dado que las personas con VIH no mueren a causa del virus sino de las infecciones oportunistas

177Lu-Dendrimer conjugated to folate and bombesin with gold nanoparticles in the dendritic cavity: A potential theranostic radiopharmaceutical

177Lu-labeled nanoparticles conjugated to biomolecules have been proposed as a new class of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this research was to synthesize 177Lu-dendrimer(PAMAM-G4)-folate-bombesin with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the dendritic cavity and to evaluate the radiopharmaceutical potential for targeted radiotherapy and the simultaneous detection of folate receptors (FRs) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) overexpressed in breast cancer cells. p-SCN-Benzyl-DOTA was conjugated in aqueous-basic medium to the dendrimer.The carboxylate groups of Lys1Lys3(DOTA)-bombesin and folic acid were activatedwithHATUand also conjugated to the dendrimer.The conjugate was mixed with 1%HAuCl4 followed by the addition of NaBH4 and purified by ultrafiltration. Elemental analysis (EDS), particle size distribution (DLS), TEM analysis, UV-Vis, and infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were performed. The conjugate was radiolabeled using 177LuCl3 or 68GaCl3 and analyzed by radio-HPLC. Studies confirmed the dendrimer functionalization with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Fluorescence results demonstrated that the presence ofAuNPs in the dendritic cavity confers useful photophysical properties to the radiopharmaceutical for optical imaging. Preliminary binding studies in T47D breast cancer cells showed a specific cell uptake (41.15 ± 2.72%). 177Ludendrimer( AuNP)-folate-bombesin may be useful as an optical and nuclear imaging agent for breast tumors overexpressing GRPR and FRs, as well as for targeted radiotherapy.CONACYT-SEP-CB-2014-01-242443 International Atomic Energy Agency (Grant 18358) LaboratorioNacional de Investigaci´on yDesarrollo de Radiof´armacos, CONACy

Fluorescent, Plasmonic, and Radiotherapeutic Properties of the 177Lu–Dendrimer-AuNP–Folate–Bombesin Nanoprobe Located Inside Cancer Cells

The integration of fluorescence and plasmonic properties into one molecule is of importance in developing multifunctional imaging and therapy nanoprobes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the fluorescent properties and the plasmonic–photothermal, therapeutic, and radiotherapeutic potential of 177Lu–dendrimer conjugated to folate and bombesin with gold nanoparticles in the dendritic cavity (177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin) when it is internalized in T47D breast cancer cells. The intense near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescence emitted at 825 nm from the conjugate inside cells corroborated the usefulness of DenAuNP–folate–bombesin for optical imaging. After laser irradiation, the presence of the nanosystem in cells caused a significant increase in the temperature of the medium (46.8oC, compared to 39.1oC without DenAuNP–folate–bombesin, P < 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability (down to 16.51% + 1.52%) due to the 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin plasmonic properties. After treatment with 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin, the T47D cell viability decreased 90% because of the radiation-absorbed dose (63.16 + 4.20 Gy) delivered inside the cells. The 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin nanoprobe internalized in cancer cells exhibited properties suitable for optical imaging, plasmonic–photothermal therapy, and targeted radiotherapy.CONACYT-SEP-CB-2014-01-24244

Intrinsic Subtypes and Therapeutic Decision-Making in Hormone Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer with Visceral Crisis: A Case Report

Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDKi), namely, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, combined with either an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant are the standard first/second line for hormone receptor-positive(HR+)/HER2-negative(neg) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the choice of one specific CDKi is arbitrary and based on the physician's experience with the drug, toxicity profile, and patient's preferences, whereas biomarkers for optimal patient selection have not been established so far. Moreover, upfront chemotherapy is still recommended in case of clinical presentation with visceral crisis, despite no evidence of superior benefit for chemotherapy regimens against CDKi-based regimens. Recent correlative biomarker analyses from pivotal trials of palbociclib and ribociclib showed that HR+/HER2-neg MBC might respond differently according to the molecular intrinsic subtype, with Luminal A and B tumors being sensitive to both CDKi, Basal-like being insensitive to endocrine therapy, irrespective of CDKi, and HER2-enriched tumors showing a benefit only with ribociclib-based therapy. Clinical case: We hereby present a paradigmatic clinical case of a woman affected by a relapsed HR+/HER2-neg MBC with bone and nodal lesions, presenting with a visceral crisis in the form of lymphangitis carcinomatosis and diagnosed with a molecularly HER2-enriched tumor, successfully treated with upfront ribociclib + fulvestrant. The patient experienced a complete symptomatic and radiologic remission of the lymphangitis with a partial response as best response, according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. The progression-free survival (PFS) was of 20 months, in line with the median PFS observed in the ribociclib + fulvestrant pivotal trial, where, however, patients with visceral crisis had been excluded. Conclusions: This clinical case confirms in the real-world setting that non-luminal subtypes can be found in HR+/HER2-neg disease and may have potential therapeutic implications in the metastatic setting. It also questions the recommendation of upfront chemotherapy in the case of a visceral crisis in the era of CDKi-based regimens. These issues merit further evaluation in prospective and larger studies