Le portfolio pour faire de l'évaluation un processus d'apprentissage

Atelier 3 : écriture professionnalisanteComment faire de l'évaluation des compétences scolaires un processus d'apprentissage pleinement intégré participant d'une évaluation formative, en première personne ? Cette communication donnera à travers trois exemples (deux en école primaire, un en école supérieure) quelques éléments de réflexion en action sur cette articulation et les effets constatés. Le dispositif de portfolio sera présenté comme une possibilité. Il sera décrit comme un recueil préférentiellement numérique, finalisé, de travaux originaux, négociés, de réussites socialisées et validées, organisé à une fin d'évaluation de compétences. Brièvement délimité théoriquement et dans ses finalités, il le sera ensuite dans ses applications. La discussion s'ouvrira sur le renversement que cette approche opère quant à une évaluation référant à l'approche par compétences soucieuse d'un enseignement par compétences

Modèles formels pour la reproduction des simulations à base d’agents

Du fait de la dimension expérimentale des résultats obtenus par simulation informatique, la validation de ces résultats nécessite qu’ils puissent être reproduits. Cela suppose que le dispositif concret à partir desquels ils sont obtenus, à savoir le logiciel dont les exécutions fournissent les sorties qui sont observées, puisse donner lieu à de nouvelles implantations. Bien qu’elle soit indispensable à maints égards, il s’avère que cette “réplication” des modèles de simulation est le plus souvent problématique; cet article propose de présenter ces modèles sous la forme de systèmes afin d’en faciliter de nouvelles implantations.Since the results obtained by means of computer-based simulations have an experimental character, their validation requests their reproduction. These results are obtained by observing the outputs of the runs of a software entity, which is the concrete device of the experimentation; thus, it is this software simulation model that must support a new implementation. Although the replication of a model brings many advantages, in many cases it is problematic. This paper proposes to present simulation models as systems, to ease their replication

CSP dynamiques pour la génération de tests de systèmes réactifs

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Data Analysis of Social Simulations Outputs - Focus on variables dispersion

International audienceIn the domain of social simulation, there are very few papers reporting on the statistical analysis of simulation results, while it is very common in empirical social sciences. The paper advocates the expansion of the statistical analysis of social simulation outputs, as a very efficient way to improve the interpretation of simulation results and so the understanding of the system that is the model's target. This is illustrated by the study of a simulation model designed to analyze a real situation related to the management of a river in South West of France. Several standard statistics methods are used to shed light on the possible outcomes of the discussion between the actors

Quand des sociologues rencontrent des informaticiens : essai de formalisation, méta-modélisation, modélisation et simulation des systèmes d’action concrets

Le texte résulte d’une collaboration inédite entre sociologues et informaticiens. Il présente un travail de formalisation de la sociologie de l’action organisée qui a abouti à l’élaboration d’un méta-modèle de cette théorie. Ce méta-modèle permet de modéliser des systèmes d’action concrets et de simuler leur fonctionnement. A travers l’exposition des résultats théoriques et leur application à un cas simple, nous souhaitons montrer que cette démarche présente un intérêt théorique et méthodologique pour la sociologie. Elle permet de préciser des concepts sociologiques initialement exprimés en langage naturel afin de pouvoir les évaluer de manière quantitative. Elle rend possible la simulation de situations organisationnelles et ouvre ainsi la voie à une exploration des états possibles d’un système d’action concret. Ces éléments constituent, à nos yeux, un enrichissement de la pratique sociologique.The text results from a new collaboration between sociologists and data processing specialists. It presents a work of formalization of the sociology of organized action which led to the development of a meta-model of this theory. This meta-model makes it possible to model concrete systems of action and to simulate their operation. Through the exposure of the theoretical results and their application to a simple case, we wish to show that this step is of theoretical and methodological interest for sociology. It makes it possible to specify sociological concepts initially expressed in natural language in order to be able to evaluate them in a quantitative way. It makes possible the simulation of organisational situations and thus opens the way with an exploration of the possible states of a concrete system of action. These elements constitute, from our point of view, an enrichment of the sociological practice

Intrinsic creep of a granular column subjected to temperature changes.

International audienceMinute external pertubations, such as temperature variations, can lead to a creep of the fragile structures that are the granular piles. We report a study, resolved in space and time, of the dynamics associated with the slow compaction of a granular column submitted to thermal cycles. Avoiding the thermal dilations of the container, we observe that the material still creeps, even in absence of external mechanical perturbations. The latter intrinsic creep of the material exhibits several surprizing features: the compaction of the material is not homogeneous along the column height and sudden collapses involve the entire system even if one could expect arches to screen the mechanical interaction between regions far apart one from another. In addition, the analysis of the dependence of the flow-rate on the frequency of the temperature cycles suggests that the creep is mainly induced by the propagation of the temperature pro file, slow temperature changes being less effi cient than rapid ones in making the material flow

Boundedly Rational Agents Playing the Social Actors Game - How to reach cooperation

International audienceIn any organizational setting, each of the participating actors adopts a quite steady behavior with respect to others. This behavior is not always in line with what might be expected given the role of the actor, although it is quite cooperative and most often contributes significantly to the proper operation of the organization. Within the framework of the SocLab approach for the modeling and analysis of organizations, we propose a model of the bounded rationality that social actors could implement in the process yielding the joint adaptation of their behaviors

Calibration of long-term global horizontal irradiation estimated by HelioClim-3 through short-term local measurement campaigns: extending of the results to European and African sites

International audienceThis paper proposes an adaptation of a recent ground-based short-term calibration algorithm applied to long-term time-series of global horizontal irradiation (GHI) provided by HelioClim-3 (HC3), a satellite-based surface solar irradiation database; it extends the initial conclusions for the South-East of France to a larger coverage. A first analysis of the long-term ground pyranometric measurements leads to the characterization of the clearness index error variability which confirms the systematic presence of, at least, a sinusoid component which period is equal to the astronomical year. On contrary of the first results based on the South-East of France, because the phasing of this sinusoid highly varies from one site to another, an adaptation of the original calibration procedure is proposed in order to have it applicable under different latitudes. The resulting mean bias error on the monthly GHI systematically goes below 3% when considering a 12-month local measurement campaign, while the seasonal variability of the error is drastically reduced

The Efficiency of Organizational Withdrawal vs Commitment

National audienceActors within an organization usually do not behave as expected at design-time. There are diverse reasons for this, notably the actors' motivation and organizational commitment. In this paper, we explore the efficiency of a concrete public organization in the context of the Latin-American culture, to the light of the organizational commitment of its members. In order to evaluate how much each member of the organization is committed, we associate to each one a parameter that quantifies its commitment and we evaluate by simulation the impact of this parameter on its behavior an the organization performance. With a model of the organization as it was intended to operate at its foundation, we proceed to a number of simulations to find the parameter values that yield the actual observed working of the organization. By the way, we found that withdrawn behaviors have much more impact than committed ones