Bridging the empathy gap: or not? Reactions to ingroup and outgroup facial expressions

Prior research suggests that group membership impacts behavioral and self-reported responses to others’ facial expressions of emotion. In this paper, we examine how the mere labelling of a face as an ingroup or outgroup member affects facial mimicry (Study 1) and judgments of genuineness (Study 2). In addition, we test whether the effects of group membership on facial mimicry and perceived genuineness are moderated by the presence of tears (Study 1) and the motivation to cooperate (Study 2). Results from both studies revealed group-specific biases in facial mimicry and judgments of genuineness. However, introducing cooperative goals abolished differences in judgments of genuineness of facial expressions displayed by ingroup and outgroup members. Together, the findings provide insights into how intergroup biases in emotion perception operate and how they can be reduced by introducing cooperative goals

Global Spatial Risk Assessment of Sharks Under the Footprint of Fisheries

Effective ocean management and conservation of highly migratory species depends on resolving overlap between animal movements and distributions and fishing effort. Yet, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach combining satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively) and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of high-seas fishing effort. Results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas shark hotspots and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real time, dynamic management

Rev Med Interne

Introduction La consommation de cocaïne est associée à de multiples complications dont certaines peuvent mimer des maladies systémiques, particulièrement des vascularites associées aux Anticorps Anti-Cytoplasme des Neutrophiles (ANCA). Nous rapportons un cas de Cocaine Induced Midline Destructive Lesions (CIMDL) ayant fait discuter un diagnostic différentiel de granulomatose avec polyangéite (GPA). Observation Un homme de 42 ans, cocaïnomane, était hospitalisé pour bilan de lésions destructrices centro-faciales. Il n'avait pas d'atteinte extra-ORL. Biologiquement, il existait des ANCA de fluorescence périnucléaire en immunofluorescence indirecte et de spécificité anti-Protéinase 3 (immunodosage par chimiluminescence). Cette présentation immunologique particulière associée à l'absence d'argument histologique pour une GPA faisait retenir un diagnostic de CIMDL. Le patient était perdu de vue. Conclusion Les CIMDL correspondent à des lésions destructrices centro-faciales induites par la consommation de cocaïne par voie nasale. Elles sont fréquemment associées à la présence d'ANCA. Une fluorescence périnucléaire avec une double spécificité anti-HNE et anti-PR3 est évocatrice du diagnostic.Introduction Cocaine use is associated with multiple complications, some of which can mimic systemic diseases, especially Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. We report a case of Cocaine Induced Midline Destructive Lesions (CIMDL) for which a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was discussed. Case report A 42-year-old male, cocaine consumer, was admitted in our department for a centrofacial destructive process. He had no extra ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement. ANCA were positive with a perinuclear fluorescence pattern and an anti-Proteinase 3 specificity. Regarding this unusual immunologic pattern and in the absence of histological argument for a GPA, a diagnosis of CIMDL was made. Conclusion CIMDL is a centrofacial destructive process due to intranasal cocaine use. It is frequently associated with the presence of p-ANCA with both anti-HNE and anti-PR3 specificity

Residency and spatial distribution of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in and around Reunion Island marine protected area

International audienceA sudden increase in the rates of shark attacks on humans at Reunion Island has been blamed by some on the implementation of a marine protected area (MPA) along the island’s west coast, where attacks, primarily by bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas, were concentrated. We used passive acoustic telemetry to investigate the spatial distribution of bull sharks (N = 36) by quantifying their residency and their frequentation of the MPA and compared it to outside of the MPA. Over the study duration of 17 mo, 18 sharks were detected in the acoustic receiver array, most of which were detected more frequently outside the MPA (N = 148; mean ± SD = 41.5 ± 56.4 visits mo-1 and 17.6 ± 30.5 h mo-1) than inside the MPA (N = 218; 21.4 ± 28.1 visits mo-1 and 7.2 ± 15.2 h mo-1). However, we found individual variation in the sharks’ use of the MPA. Thirteen sharks spent more time outside the MPA than inside, while 5 sharks (all females) spent significantly more time inside the MPA. These results suggest that the spatial distribution of bull sharks is not primarily centered in the MPA along the west coast of Reunion Island, although we identified specific locations where bull shark encounter probabilities are relatively high during particular times of the year. Such higher-risk areas could be targeted as part of the risk management strategy for changes in human uses in order to reduce the risks of negative shark-human interactions observed during the past decade

Does Smile Intensity in Photographs Really Predict Longevity? A Replication and Extension of Abel and Kruger (2010)

Abel and Kruger (2010) found that the smile intensity of professional baseball players who were active in 1952, as coded from photographs, predicted these players' longevity. In the current investigation, we sought to replicate this result and to extend the initial analyses. We analyzed (a) a sample that was almost identical to the one from Abel and Kruger's study using the same database and inclusion criteria (N = 224), (b) a considerably larger nonoverlapping sample consisting of other players from the same cohort (N = 527), and (c) all players in the database (N = 13,530 valid cases). Like Abel and Kruger, we relied on categorical smile codings as indicators of positive affectivity, yet we supplemented these codings with subjective ratings of joy intensity and automatic codings of positive affectivity made by computer programs. In both samples and for all three indicators, we found that positive affectivity did not predict mortality once birth year was controlled as a covariate

Value of (18) F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with favor of unknown origin and unexplained prolonged inflammatory syndrome : a single center analysis experience

International audienc

Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir with or without Ribavirin in Patients with HCV Infection and Decompensated Cirrhosis: Interim Analysis of a French Multicentre Compassionate use Programme

EASL International Liver Congress, Barcelona, SPAIN, APR 13-17, 2016International audienc