Sleep-wake disturbances in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury: association with brain trauma but not with an abnormal melatonin circadian rhythm.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To test whether the sleep-wake cycle disruption in patients hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (1) is also found in patients with traumatic injuries other than TBI (non-TBI) and (2) is associated with a weaker or abnormal circadian clock signal. METHODS: Forty-two non-mechanically ventilated and non-sedated patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe TBI were compared to 34 non-TBI patients. They wore wrist actigraphs for 9.4 ± 4.2 days, starting 19.3 ± 12.6 days post-injury. Of these, 17 TBI and 14 non-TBI patients had their urine collected every hour for 25 hours, starting 18.3 ± 12.3 days post-injury. We calculated urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration to obtain total 24-hour excretion, excretion onset, offset, duration, amplitude, and acrophase. Using Student's t-tests, we compared groups on actigraphy (daytime activity ratio, nighttime total sleep time, and fragmentation index) and melatonin variables. We investigated associations between melatonin and actigraphy variables using Pearson's correlations. RESULTS: TBI patients had poorer daytime activity ratio (TBI: 77.5 ± 9.4%; non-TBI: 84.6 ± 6.9%), shorter nighttime total sleep time (TBI: 353.5 ± 96.6 min; non-TBI: 421.2 ± 72.2 min), and higher fragmentation index (TBI: 72.2 ± 30.0; non-TBI: 53.5 ± 23.6) (all p-values < 0.01). A melatonin rhythm was present in both groups, and no group differences were found on melatonin variables. No associations were found between melatonin and actigraphy variables in TBI patients. CONCLUSION: Moderate-to-severe TBI patients have more serious sleep-wake disturbances than non-TBI patients hospitalized in the same environment, suggesting that the brain injury itself alters the sleep-wake cycle. Despite their deregulated 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, TBI patients have a normal circadian clock signal

Parallel recovery of consciousness and sleep in acute traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the progressive recuperation of consciousness was associated with the reconsolidation of sleep and wake states in hospitalized patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: This study comprised 30 hospitalized patients (age 29.1 ± 13.5 years) in the acute phase of moderate or severe TBI. Testing started 21.0 ± 13.7 days postinjury. Consciousness level and cognitive functioning were assessed daily with the Rancho Los Amigos scale of cognitive functioning (RLA). Sleep and wake cycle characteristics were estimated with continuous wrist actigraphy. Mixed model analyses were performed on 233 days with the RLA (fixed effect) and sleep-wake variables (random effects). Linear contrast analyses were performed in order to verify if consolidation of the sleep and wake states improved linearly with increasing RLA score. RESULTS: Associations were found between scores on the consciousness/cognitive functioning scale and measures of sleep-wake cycle consolidation (p < 0.001), nighttime sleep duration (p = 0.018), and nighttime fragmentation index (p < 0.001). These associations showed strong linear relationships (p < 0.01 for all), revealing that consciousness and cognition improved in parallel with sleep-wake quality. Consolidated 24-hour sleep-wake cycle occurred when patients were able to give context-appropriate, goal-directed responses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that when the brain has not sufficiently recovered a certain level of consciousness, it is also unable to generate a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle and consolidated nighttime sleep. This study contributes to elucidating the pathophysiology of severe sleep-wake cycle alterations in the acute phase of moderate to severe TBI

UTX mediates demethylation of H3K27me3 at muscle-specific genes during myogenesis

Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins act antagonistically to establish tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. The PcG protein Ezh2 facilitates repression by catalysing histone H3-Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). For expression, H3K27me3 marks are removed and replaced by TrxG protein catalysed histone H3-Lys4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Although H3K27 demethylases have been identified, the mechanism by which these enzymes are targeted to specific genomic regions to remove H3K27me3 marks has not been established. Here, we demonstrate a two-step mechanism for UTX-mediated demethylation at muscle-specific genes during myogenesis. Although the transactivator Six4 initially recruits UTX to the regulatory region of muscle genes, the resulting loss of H3K27me3 marks is limited to the region upstream of the transcriptional start site. Removal of the repressive H3K27me3 mark within the coding region then requires RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) elongation. Interestingly, blocking Pol II elongation on transcribed genes leads to increased H3K27me3 within the coding region, and formation of bivalent (H3K27me3/H3K4me3) chromatin domains. Thus, removal of repressive H3K27me3 marks by UTX occurs through targeted recruitment followed by spreading across the gene

ENFERMEDADES RELACIONADAS AL ESTILO DE VIDA EN LIMA, PERÚ

Introducción: Las enfermedades relacionadas al estilo de vida son uno de los mayores retos de salud del siglo 21. Objetivos: El propósito de esta investigación fue obtener una base de datos para estudiar la prevalencia de enfermedades de las personas que viven en pobreza en Lima, Perú. Metodología: La investigación estuvo localizada en los distritos de Comas y Carabayllo en Lima, Perú. Contamos con un total de 829 adultos y 770 niños (0-17 años de edad) participantes. La data fue recolectada a través de clínicas comunitarias gratuitas, estas incluyeron muestras de sangre para evaluar la hemoglobina, glucosa, hemoglobina glicosilada, lípidos, vitamina D, y anticuerpos en contra de Chagas y Helicobacter pylori. Para la población pediátrica sólo se utilizó los records médicos; no se utilizaron muestras de sangre con propósitos de investigación. Resultados: Los resultados más significativos fueron: 50,9% con presión arterial sanguínea elevada siendo sistólica o diastólica, 47% Con hemoglobina glicosilada elevada, 24% glucosa en ayuno elevada, 57,2% con un al menos un parámetro elevado del panel lípido, 32,6% hemoglobina baja, 97,2% Vitamina D baja, 59% positivo para anticuerpos de Helicobacter, y 5,6% positivo con anticuerpos de Chagas. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 65,1% para adultos y 42,3% para la población pediátrica. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran anomalías relacionadas al estilo de vida. Esta información puede utilizarse para desarrollar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades relacionadas al estilo de vida, con enfoque en la educación y cambios en el estilo de vida. &nbsp; DOI: https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v17.n2.83

THE PROGRESS ACHIEVED BY JUDOKAS AFTER STRENGTH TRAINING WITH A JUDO-SPECIFIC MACHINE

For judo players, as in many sports activities, strength development has become an important element of performance. However, this should not be done separately from the development of technique. Specific strength training is thus used for the controlled strengthening of specific muscles or muscle groups, corresponding to the movement in a competitive situation. In line with this, the use of a judo specific apparatus is proposed. The aim of this study is to analyze the progress of a group of judokas after a training program with the apparatus. The results have shown that, using the apparatus, the heaviest weight achieved using the throwing technique is greater. In addition, the judokas' technique improves as a consequence of this training program. This judo specific apparatus could therefore be used to complement traditional judo trainin

De Rankin Inlet à Raglan, le développement minier et les communautés inuit

In this paper, we examine whether Canadian Inuit communities are better positioned now than they were half a century ago to benefit from mining developments on their territory. We first give an overview of relations between the Inuit and the mining industry in Inuit Nunangat between 1957 and the early 2000s. We then present the results of a survey conducted in the Nunavik communities of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq during the fall of 2012 on the social impacts of the Raglan mine. We argue that much work remains to be done to understand the effects of mining development on Inuit communities.Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si les communautés inuit canadiennes sont mieux outillées qu’elles ne l’étaient il y a un demi-siècle pour bénéficier du développement minier qui survient sur leur territoire. Après un bilan des relations qu’ont entretenues les Inuit avec l’industrie minière dans l’Inuit Nunangat entre 1957 et le début des années 2000, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée dans les communautés de Salluit et Kangiqsujuaq au Nunavik en automne 2012 au sujet des impacts sociaux de la mine Raglan. Cette discussion nous permet de souligner qu’il reste beaucoup de travail à faire pour mieux comprendre les effets du développement minier sur les communautés inuit

Analyse objective de deux techniques de projection en judo (seoï nage et uchi mata de la réalité mécanique aux applications pédagogiques)

Ce travail s'inscrit dans la politique de notre équipe " Mécanique du geste sportif " qui consiste à favoriser les échanges entre le milieu sportif et le milieu de la recherche universitaire, donnant à nos travaux des applications directes en terme de formation et d'entraînement. Au-delà d'une approche intuitive basée sur des connaissances empiriques de l'activité judo, nous avons voulu comprendre objectivement la réalité des gestes techniques de judo, à partir d'une analyse des paramètres mécaniques externes et internes. Dans une première partie, nous expliquons notre démarche de recherche qui tend à aller au-delà d'une approche réductrice pour prendre en compte l'athlète dans sa complexité et mesurer ses paramètres segmentaires, en associant des outils de mesure dynamographiques et cinématographiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous présentons les résultats de l'étude réalisée en collaboration avec des champions Français, qui nous ont permis d'identifier clairement des éléments communs, constituant autant de règles d'action, dont l'acquisition par l'élève s'avère indispensable pour réaliser un geste technique correct. Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons les résultats du calcul des efforts articulaires d'un athlète, réalisant un geste technique de judo sur un ergomètre instrumenté, ainsi que sa dépense énergétique globale, pour chaque phase du mouvement ou encore pour chaque contribution segmentaire.Through this work, we want to support the exchanges between sporting people and university research people, and we want to give to our work direct applications in term of formation and training. Beyond an intuitive approach based on empirical knowledge of the judo activity, we want to objectively understand the reality of the judo throw, from an analysis of the external and internal mechanical parameters. In the first part, we explain our method of research which tends to go beyond a reducing approach of considering the athlete in his complexity and to measure its segmentary parameters, by associating dynamographic and cinematographic measuring tools. In a second part, we present the results of the study carried out in collaboration with French champions, who allowed us to identify clearly common elements, constituting as many rules of action, whose acquisition by the athletes prove to be essential to realize a good movement. In the last part, we present the results of the calculation of the articular efforts of an athlete, carrying out a judo throw on an instrumented ergometer, like its total energy expenditure, for each phase of the movement or for each segmentary contribution.POITIERS-BU Sciences (861942102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contribution à la validation d'un ergomètre en tant qu'appareil de musculation spécifique au judo : analyse mécanique comparée d'une projection de judo - Morote Seoï Nage - selon deux conditions de pratique

Validation de l'usage d'un appareil de musculation spécifique au judo, par l'analyse d'image en 3D des gestes pratiqués lors d'une projection réalisée par un judoka expert sur un partenaire, comparée à une même projection pratiquée sur le mannequin de musculation de Mayeur réglable par addition de charges. Calcul des différents paramètres du mouvement : similitudes globales du geste tant au niveau de la translation que de la rotation