Últimes reflexions de Georges Candilis sobre la planificació de campus: Universitat Bu Ali Sina (1973-1978)

El treball prolífic de George Candilis inclou una variada mostra de projectes de campus universitaris. Els més coneguts són la Universitat Lliure de Berlín i la universitat de Tolosa-Le Mirail de l’empresa Candilis-Josic-Woods, però altres van ser desenvolupats posteriorment per Candilis amb diversos col·laboradors. La Universitat Bu Ali Sina a la ciutat iraniana de Hamadan va ser la seva última oportunitat per concebre una nova universitat. Entre el 1973 i el 1978, Candilis i Mandala Collaborative –una firma local fundada per Nader Ardalan– van dur a terme conjuntament el Màster Pla i una primera versió del projecte. El 1977, ia causa d'un canvi d'ubicació, es va planificar una segona versió i finalment es van construir algunes de les edificacions. En aquest moment, el projecte es va publicar discretament a revistes d'arquitectura i recentment el conjunt construït ha estat recollit en una tesi sobre l'obra d'Ardalan. Tot i això, el campus no s'ha estudiat en profunditat. Aquest article pren com a fonts primàries els documents disponibles als arxius de Candilis i se centra en el procés de disseny del campus per reconstruir-ne la narrativa i els escenaris. L'objectiu és tornar a visitar la Universitat Bu Ali Sina, assumint que aquest punt final del pensament de Candilis és una condensació de tota una pràctica. El resultat és la confirmació d'una manera particular d'entendre la universitat —oberta a l'intercanvi de coneixements i com a eina de progrés social—que es configura segons els preceptes de la modernitat conservant-ne la identitat local.A varied sample of campuses projects can be found in George Candilis' prolific work. The most well-known are the Freie Universität Berlin and the Faculté de la littérature in Toulouse-Le Mirail by the Candilis-Josic-Woods firm but others were developed later by Candilis with several collaborators. Bu Ali Sina University in the Iranian city of Hamadan was his last opportunity to conceive a complete university from scratch. Between 1973 and 1978, Candilis and the Mandala Collaborative –a local firm founded by Nader Ardalan– jointly carried out the Master Plan and a first version of the campus project. In 1977, and due to a location’s change, a second version was planned and some of the facilities were finally built. At that time, the design was discreetly published in architectural magazines and recently the built set was included in a thesis on Ardalan’s work. Nevertheless, the campus has not been studied in-depth. This article takes as primary sources the documents available in the Candilis archives and focuses on the design process of the campus to reconstruct its narrative and stages. The objective is to revisit the Bu Ali Sina University, under the assumption that this endpoint of Candilis’ thinking is a condensation of a whole practice. This design is the confirmation of a particular way of understanding the university —open to the exchange of knowledge and as a tool for social progress—, which is shaped according to the modernity precepts while preserving its local identity.El prolífico trabajo de George Candilis incluye una variada muestra de proyectos de campus universitarios. Los más conocidos son la Universidad Libre de Berlín y la universidad de Toulouse-Le Mirail de la firma Candilis-Josic-Woods, pero otros fueron desarrollados posteriormente por Candilis con diversos colaboradores. La Universidad Bu Ali Sina en la ciudad iraní de Hamadan fue su última oportunidad para concebir una nueva universidad. Entre 1973 y 1978, Candilis y Mandala Collaborative –una firma local fundada por Nader Ardalan– llevaron a cabo conjuntamente el Máster Plan y una primera versión del proyecto. En 1977, y debido a un cambio de ubicación, se planificó una segunda versión y finalmente se construyeron algunas de las edificaciones. En ese momento, el proyecto se publicó discretamente en revistas de arquitectura y recientemente el conjunto construido ha sido recogido en una tesis sobre la obra de Ardalan. Sin embargo, el campus no se ha estudiado en profundidad. Este artículo toma como fuentes primarias los documentos disponibles en los archivos de Candilis y se centra en el proceso de diseño del campus para reconstruir su narrativa y escenarios. El objetivo es volver a visitar la Universidad Bu Ali Sina, asumiendo que este punto final del pensamiento de Candilis es una condensación de toda una práctica. El resultado es la confirmación de una forma particular de entender la universidad —abierta al intercambio de conocimientos y como herramienta de progreso social—, que se configura según los preceptos de la modernidad conservando su identidad local.This work was supported by the Universitat Politécnica de València under its Teaching Staff Career Development Programme (which enabled a research stay at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique); and by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport under its Cooperation Scholarship for Students in University Departments (which enabled the student internships of Silvia Domene Camarasa).Peer Reviewe

Les Étoiles de Givors de Jean Renaudie (1974-81): the social utopia in concrete

[EN] The architecture of Jean Renaudie (1925-1981) is a response to the political-social context of France in the second half of the 20th century. Its development, first in the Atelier Montrouge and then alone, is part of the criticism that the generation of young architects made about the postulates of the Athens Charter. From a social point of view, on evaluation of these functionalist results, for the new professionals, there was a suggestion of a modification of their architectural and urban configurations. Concepts such as identity, association, mobility and growth, presented by Team 10 at the 10th CIAM Congress held in Dubrovnik (1956), transpired thanks to the expansion that took place out towards the city’s peripheries. In this paper we will analyze the role of reinforced concrete in Jean Renaudie’s social architecture complexes, with particular emphasis on the project entitled Les Étoiles de Givors (1974-1981): an urban complex that brought together the experience of previously constructed buildings such as that of Ivry-sur-Seine and theoretical cities like Gigaro or Vaudreuil. The aim will be to demonstrate that the use of concrete with a geometric structural order, together with the design of prefabricated pieces for non-bearing facades, brought in synergy a long-awaited diversity that supported their discourse when it came to the logic of complexity[ES] La arquitectura de Jean Renaudie (1925-1981) responde al contexto político-social de la Francia de la segunda mitad del s.XX. Su desarrollo, primero en el Atelier Montrouge y después en solitario, se enmarca en la crítica que la generación de jóvenes arquitectos realizaba de los postulados de la Carta de Atenas. La evaluación, desde el punto de vista social, de aquellos resultados funcionalistas, sugirieron a los nuevos profesionales la modificación de sus configuraciones arquitectónicas y urbanas. Conceptos como identidad, asociación, movilidad y crecimiento, expuestos por el Team X en el X Congreso del CIAM en Dubrovnik (1956), se experimentaban gracias a la expansión hacia las periferias de la ciudad. En esta comunicación analizaremos el papel del hormigón armado en la arquitectura de los complejos de vivienda social de Jean Renaudie, atendiendo principalmente al proyecto Les Étoiles de Givors (1974-1981): un conjunto urbano que recogió experiencias anteriores construidas —Ivry-sur-Seine— y teóricas — ciudades de Gigaro o Vaudreuil—. El objetivo será demostrar que el empleo del hormigón in-situ con un orden estructural geométrico, junto al diseño de piezas prefabricadas para las fachadas no portantes, aportaron en sinergia una anhelada diversidad que avalaba su discurso referido a la lógica de la complejidad.Moreno, MP.; Blain, C. (2020). Les Étoiles de Givors de Jean Renaudie (1974-81): la utopía social en hormigón. En IX Congreso Internacional Arquitectura Blanca. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIAB9.2020.10606OC

Étude exploratoire des transformations identitaires et communicationnelles de professionnels suite à une formation en communication non violente

Ce mémoire s'attarde à la présentation des différents enjeux du contexte organisationnel qui engendrent des changements identitaires et communicationnels. Plus précisément, il dénonce le système organisationnel qui met en place une qualité de vie malsaine ayant des effets sur l'identité professionnelle et affectant ainsi différentes facettes du concept de soi des travailleurs. Le but de l'étude exploratoire consiste à identifier les changements possibles chez les professionnels dans l'exercice de leur fonction de communication et au plan de leur estime personnelle à la suite d'une formation en communication non violente. Les intuitions de la chercheure l'ont mené à orienter son investigation pour comprendre si la CNV (communication non violente), en tant que méthode d'intervention, a un impact sur le « concept de soi » (René L'Écuyer), dimension de l'identité professionnelle des sujets ciblés. Cette recherche est une piste de réflexion pour tous les professionnels qui éprouvent le désir d'actualiser leurs connaissances afin de faciliter leur compréhension des processus communicationnels et relationnels qui influencent leurs échanges en milieu de travail. C'est donc le vécu quotidien tant au plan du développement de soi que de ses relations aux autres qui est au coeur de la recherche. La méthodologie empruntée est d'ordre qualitatif et s'inscrit dans la foulée des approches compréhensives. La collecte de données a eu lieu auprès de professionnels ayant suivi une formation en CNV auprès d'un groupe de formateurs accrédités. Dans un premier temps, des observations ont eu lieu lors de journées pratiques. Dans un deuxième temps, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès de cinq sujets dont le métier consiste à communiquer.\ud Les données analysées démontrent que les professionnels éprouvent des problèmes dans leurs milieux de travail à différents degrés. Il est question de conflits relationnels, de problèmes communicationnels ou psychologiques. Devant ces souffrances, la formation et l'auto-formation des sujets à la communication non violente indiquent les améliorations que permet cette démarche face à certaines situations et de plus, elle favorise le développement d'habiletés relationnelles. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Communication au travail, Auto formation à une démarche de communication, Communication non-violente, Identité professionnelle, Concept de soi, Estime de SOI, Compétence communicationnelle

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Adults ≥65 Years, United States, 2011.

BackgroundSince the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae serotype b vaccine, H influenzae epidemiology has shifted. In the United States, the largest burden of disease is now in adults aged ≥65 years. However, few data exist on risk factors for disease severity and outcome in this age group.MethodsA retrospective case-series review of invasive H influenzae infections in patients aged ≥65 years was conducted for hospitalized cases reported to Active Bacterial Core surveillance in 2011.ResultsThere were 299 hospitalized cases included in the analysis. The majority of cases were caused by nontypeable H influenzae, and the overall case fatality ratio (CFR) was 19.5%. Three or more underlying conditions were present in 63% of cases; 94% of cases had at least 1. Patients with chronic heart conditions (congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and/or atrial fibrillation) (odds ratio [OR], 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-6.46), patients from private residences (OR, 8.75; 95% CI, 2.13-35.95), and patients who were not resuscitate status (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.31-5.66) were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.71-8.22) and do not resuscitate status (OR, 12.94; 95% CI, 4.84-34.55) were significantly associated with death.ConclusionsWithin this age group, burden of disease and CFR both increased significantly as age increased. Using ICU admission as a proxy for disease severity, our findings suggest several conditions increased risk of disease severity and patients with severe disease were more likely to die. Further research is needed to determine the most effective approach to prevent H influenzae disease and mortality in older adults

Protocol for the Prognostication of Consciousness Recovery Following a Brain Injury

Individuals who have suffered a severe brain injury typically require extensive hospitalization in intensive care units (ICUs), where critical treatment decisions are made to maximize their likelihood of recovering consciousness and cognitive function. These treatment decisions can be difficult when the neurological assessment of the patient is limited by unreliable behavioral responses. Reliable objective and quantifiable markers are lacking and there is both (1) a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the brain’s ability to reconstitute consciousness and cognition after an injury and (2) the absence of a reliable and clinically feasible method of tracking cognitive recovery in ICU survivors. Our goal is to develop and validate a clinically relevant EEG paradigm that can inform the prognosis of unresponsive, brain-injured patients in the ICU. This protocol describes a study to develop a point-of-care system intended to accurately predict outcomes of unresponsive, brain-injured patients in the ICU. We will recruit 200 continuously-sedated brain-injured patients across five ICUs. Between 24 h and 7 days post-ICU admission, high-density EEG will be recorded from behaviorally unresponsive patients before, during and after a brief cessation of pharmacological sedation. Once patients have reached the waking stage, they will be asked to complete an abridged Cambridge Brain Sciences battery, a web-based series of neurocognitive tests. The test series will be repeated every day during acute admission (ICU, ward), or as often as possible given the constraints of ICU and ward care. Following discharge, patients will continue to complete the same test series on weekly, and then monthly basis, for up to 12 months following injury. Functional outcomes will also be assessed up to 12 months post-injury. We anticipate our findings will lead to an increased ability to identify patients, as soon as possible after their brain injury, who are most likely to survive, and to make accurate predictions about their long-term cognitive and functional outcome. In addition to providing critically needed support for clinical decision-making, this study has the potential to transform our understanding of key functional EEG networks associated with consciousness and cognition

Distinct and dissociable EEG networks are associated with recovery of cognitive function following anesthesia-induced unconsciousness

The temporal trajectories and neural mechanisms of recovery of cognitive function after a major perturbation of consciousness is of both clinical and neuroscientific interest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate network-level changes in functional brain connectivity associated with the recovery and return of six cognitive functions after general anesthesia. High-density electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from healthy volunteers undergoing a clinically relevant anesthesia protocol (propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance), and age-matched healthy controls. A battery of cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning test, fractal-2-back, abstract matching, psychomotor vigilance test, digital symbol substitution test) was administered at baseline, upon recovery of consciousness (ROC), and at half-hour intervals up to 3 h following ROC. EEG networks were derived using the strength of functional connectivity measured through the weighted phase lag index (wPLI). A partial least squares (PLS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in these networks: (1) between anesthesia and control groups; (2) during the 3-h recovery from anesthesia; and (3) for each cognitive test during recovery from anesthesia. Networks were maximally perturbed upon ROC but returned to baseline 30-60 min following ROC, despite deficits in cognitive performance that persisted up to 3 h following ROC. Additionally, during recovery from anesthesia, cognitive tests conducted at the same time-point activated distinct and dissociable functional connectivity networks across all frequency bands. The results highlight that the return of cognitive function after anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is task-specific, with unique behavioral and brain network trajectories of recovery

High-resolution VLA Imaging of Obscured Quasars : Young Radio Jets Caught in a Dense ISM

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9011.We present new subarcsecond-resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) imaging at 10 GHz of 155 ultraluminous (L bol ∼ 1011.7-1014.2 L o˙) and heavily obscured quasars with redshifts z ∼ 0.4-3. The sample was selected to have extremely red mid-infrared-optical color ratios based on data from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) along with a detection of bright, unresolved radio emission from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) or Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm Survey. Our high-resolution VLA observations have revealed that the majority of the sources in our sample (93 out of 155) are compact on angular scales <0.″2 (≤1.7 kpc at z ∼ 2). The radio luminosities, linear extents, and lobe pressures of our sources are similar to young radio active galactic nuclei (e.g., gigahertz-peaked spectrum [GPS] and compact steep-spectrum [CSS] sources), but their space density is considerably lower. Application of a simple adiabatic lobe expansion model suggests relatively young dynamical ages (∼104-7 yr), relatively high ambient ISM densities (∼1-104 cm-3), and modest lobe expansion speeds (∼30-10,000 km s-1). Thus, we find our sources to be consistent with a population of newly triggered, young jets caught in a unique evolutionary stage in which they still reside within the dense gas reservoirs of their hosts. Based on their radio luminosity function and dynamical ages, we estimate that only ∼20% of classical large-scale FR I/II radio galaxies could have evolved directly from these objects. We speculate that the WISE-NVSS sources might first become GPS or CSS sources, of which some might ultimately evolve into larger radio galaxies.Peer reviewe

A Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities for Dog Welfare in Ireland Post COVID-19, as Perceived by Dog Welfare Organisations

This novel qualitative study identifies challenges and opportunities to improve dog welfare in Ireland, as perceived by dog welfare organisations (DWOs), a previously underutilised stakeholder. This study sought the views of this predominantly voluntary sector of the next steps for policy and action in dog welfare, in light of the effects of the “puppy pandemic”, increased costs and COVID-19 restrictions. An integrated online focus group and interview design involving DWOs was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Thematic analysis identified 2 key themes: (1) Key challenges and solutions in general dog welfare and (2) Challenges and opportunities in the welfare organisation sector. DWOs perceived poor public awareness of appropriate dog-husbandry, inadequate legislation enforcement, negative impact of puppy farms, and increased financial and volunteer burden. DWOs helped construct a best practice rehoming pathway, identified how overall standards could be improved and recommendations to enhance dog welfare. The DWOs perceived an increased numbers of households acquiring dogs, difficulties in rehoming, and financial challenges as threatening their viability as organisations and Irish dog welfare. Greater enforcement of legislation, greater communication between organisations and the government, and more media awareness were seen as helpful by the DWOs to improve dog welfare standards and their organisations.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin

A mixed-method survey to understand the role of dog welfare organisations in Ireland, including reported challenges and potential solutions

Background: This novel study forms part of a larger research programme seeking an improved understanding of aspects of the owned dog population in Ireland. Dog welfare organisations (DWOs) in Ireland are recognised as an instrumental pillar of the animal welfare sector with some receiving substantial public funding. We conducted a survey of DWOs in Ireland (n = 39) to gain a better understanding of their role and function, including their policies and procedures and the rehoming of dogs to other regions. In addition, we wanted to get a better understanding of the challenges experienced by DWOs in fulfilling their role and their perspectives on potential solutions to these challenges. The survey questions consisted of closed and open-ended items. Closed items were analysed quantitively; open-ended items were analysed thematically. Results: Most DWOs (> 80%) had written protocols for important welfare actions including rehoming procedures, assessment of owner suitability and euthanasia. DWOs sent dogs to Northern Ireland (13%), Great Britain (38.5%) and to other countries outside the United Kingdom (36%, including Germany, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands and Czechia). Reported challenges included a general lack of funding, limited public awareness of the importance of dog welfare and insufficient capacity to handle dog numbers. To address these challenges, the DWOs highlighted the potential contribution of subsidised programmes and access to resources to educate potential owners. In a further qualitative evaluation to capture perceptions of appropriate solutions by DWOs, several themes emerged, relating to legislation, education, an overwhelmed workforce, and funding. Conclusions: This study provides important insights into the roles and functions of DWOs and challenges they experience in Ireland. It is hoped that the findings from this research will inform future research investigating potential solutions to these challenges as well as the development of policy in Ireland.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin