LEAD, MERCURY AND ARSENIC CONTENT IN SPICES: BLACK, WHITE AND GREEN PEPPER, BLACK CUMIN AND GINGER

In order to evaluate the safety of selected commercial spices brands, concentration of lead, mercury and arsenic, as well as  moisture and mineral contents were analyzed in samples of dried black and white pepper powders, black, white and green peppercorns, black cumin seeds and ginger powder. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) concentrations in spice samples purchased from local markets in Belgrade were determined, after a microwave digestion of the samples, by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), using the graphite furnace AAS technique (Pb), cold vapor AAS technique (Hg) and hydride generation AAS technique (As). Trace levels of Pb, Hg and As in the selected dried spices samples were in the range 0.10 ppm - 0.79 ppm, 0.01 ppm - 0.10 ppm and 0.01 ppm - 0.51 ppm, respectively. The maximum Pb concentration was determined in the sample of ginger and it was 0.79 ppm, the maximum concentration of Hg was 0.10 ppm, determined in green peppercorns samples, while the maximum concentration of As in powdered black pepper sample was 0.51 ppm. The moisture and mineral contents in the different analyzed spices were in the range 1.70-13.10% and 3.40-6.50%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the concentrations of the analyzed toxic elements, as well as the moisture and mineral content in selected spices, were below the maximum permissible limits declared by the national legislations deemed safe for human consumption.SADRŽAJ OLOVA, ŽIVE I ARSENA U ZAČINIMA: CRNI, BELI I ZELENI BIBER, CRNI KIM I ĐUMBIRU ovom radu, u cilju utvrđivanja bezbednosti odabranih komercijalnih začina, analizirane su koncentracije teških metala, kao i sadržaj vlage i ukupnih mineralnih materija, u uzorcima sušenog crnog i belog bibera u prahu, crnog, belog i zelenog bibera u zrnu, semena crnog kima i đumbira u prahu. Koncentracije olova (Pb), žive (Hg) i arsena (As) u uzorcima začina iz lokalnih prodavnica u Beogradu, određene su nakon mikrotalasne digestije atomskom apsorcionom spektrometrijom (AAS), primenom tehnike grafitne peći (Pb), tehnike hladne pare (Hg) i hidridne tehnike (As). Određene koncentracije Pb, Hg i As u uzorcima sušenih začina su u opsegu 0,10 ppm - 0,79 ppm, 0,01 ppm - 0,10 ppm i 0,01 ppm - 0,51 ppm, redom. Maksimalna koncentracija Pb od 0,79 ppm određena je u uzorku đumbira, maksimalna koncentracija Hg od 0,10 ppm u uzorcima zelenog bibera u zrnu, dok je maksimalna koncentracija As određena u uzorku crnog bibera u prahu i iznosila je 0,51 ppm. U uzorcima ispitivanih začina sadržaj vlage i mineralnih materija je u opsegu 1,70-13,10% i 3,40-6,50%, redom. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su koncentracije ispitivanih teških metala, kao i sadržaj vlage i mineralnih materija ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih vrednosti propisanih zakonskom regulativom Republike Srbije, kao i da su ispitivani uzorci crnog, belog i zelenog bibera u prahu i zrnu, crnog kima u zrnu i đumbira u prahu propisanog kvaliteta u ovom smislu.HIGHLIGHTSCommercially formulated anti-dandruff shampoos contain zinc pyrithione (ZPT) as an active ingredient that has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-seborrheic effects;In ZPT, pyrithione (PT) forms a complex with a zinc ion in the 2 : 1 ratio;Determination of ZPT concentration in commercial anti-dandruff shampoos by differential pulse polarography was based on an electrochemical reduction of zinc ions in ammoniacal buffer at pH 10.2;Surface active ingredients (anionic and amphoteric) and micro-components in the shampoos did not exert a polarographic interference for the determination of zinc and did not affect the determination of the content of ZPT active ingredient;This simple and sensitive differential pulse polarography method is suitable for a routine and rapid control of the active ingredient content, as well as for the quality control of anti-dandruff shampoos

Perturbation of the Dushman reaction with piroxicam: experimental and model calculations

A novel method for the determination of piroxicam (PX) is proposed and validated. For this purpose, the Bray-Liebhafsky (BL) non-oscillating subsystem (mixture KIO3 and H2SO4), i.e. Dushman reaction (DR) was used. The proposed method relies on the linear relationship between maximal potential shift, ΔEm, and the logarithm of the injected PX amounts in the concentration range 2.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 − 2.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 . The sensitivity of the proposed method is 1.5 × 10−5 mol L−1 . Some aspects of the possible mechanism of UA action on the DR matrix system are discussed.Physical chemistry 2012 : 11th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 201

Determination of tenside mixtures efficiency: conductometric and stalagmometric investigation

The performances of mixtures of different surfactants: anionic (sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and ά-olefin sulfonates (AOS), amphoteric (coco betaine) and nonionic (coco amide, amine oxide, AO and various etoxylated alcohols, C12-C15-7EO, C10-7EO and C9-C11-7EO), were studied. The parameters measured were critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension of particular tenside mixture. The combination of SLES/AOS/C9- C11-7EO/AO at ratio 75/15/7/3 achieved the lowest both the CMC and surface tension compared to the other examined tenside mixtures (SLES/AOS, SLES/AOS/coco betaine/AO, SLES/AOS/coco amide/AO, SLES/AOS/C12-C15-7EO/AO and SLES/AOS/C10-7EO/AO). This study showed that adding nonionic tenside (alcohol ethoxylate, C9-C11-7EO) improved SLES/AOS foaming properties, synergism in detergency between them. The reduction in the surface tension was obtained, thus indicated that alcohol ethoxylate, C12-C15-7EO, C10-7EO and C9-C11-7EO can be used to produce better cleaning products

Changes of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nickel-Manganite Ceramics Induced by Additional Mechanical Activation

Poster presented at the 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society, Berlin, June 17-21, 200

Far infrared properties of iron doped single crystal PbTe

Far infrared reflectivity spectra of single crystal PbTe samples doped with 0.2 at% Fe were measured in the temperature range between 10 K and 300 K. These spectra show very sharp and narrow dips below 120 cm-1. The experimental data were numerically analyzed using a fitting procedure based on the plasmon-phonon interaction model. Two local modes were observed. The first one was noted between 130 cm-1 and 170 cm-1 depending on the temperature and the second more frequency stable one was noted at about 230 cm-1

Primena DP polarografije za određivanje cinka i sadržaja cink-piritiona u šamponima protiv peruti

Commercially formulated anti-dandruff shampoos contain zinc pyrithione (ZPT) as an active ingredient that has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-seborrheic properties. The determination of ZPT concentration in commercial anti-dandruff shampoos by differential pulse polarography (DPP) was based on the electrochemical reduction of zinc ions in ammoniacal buffer pH 10.2, and the linear dependence of the reduction differential pulse peak current at the potential - 1.33 V vs. concentration of zinc. Using the calibration curve method, it was found that the range of linearity for the determination of zinc concentration was from 1.28 x 10-5 to 1.39 x 10-4 mol L‒1 (linear regression equation: I = - 0.097 + 6.635 x 105c). Surface active ingredients and micro-components in the shampoos did not exert a polarographic interference for the determination of zinc and did not affect the indirect determination of the content of the active ingredient ZPT. The concentrations of zinc in the analyzed anti-dandruff shampoo samples were determined by the standard addition method, resulting in 4.20 x 10‒2 mol L‒1, 1.76 x 10‒1 mol L‒1 and 1.82 x 10‒1 mol L‒1. The results of DPP determinations of zinc and ZPT show that the content of ZPT was 0.28%, 1.15% i.e. 1.19% and was below the maximum recommended level of ZPT in anti-dandruff shampoos. This simple and sensitive differential pulse polarography method is suitable for a routine and rapid control of the active ingredient content, as well as for the quality control of anti-dandruff shampoos.Aktivni sastojak komercijalno formulisanih šampona protiv peruti je cink-pirition, koji ima antifungalno, antibakterijsko i antiseboreično dejstvo. Određivanje cink-piritiona u šamponima protiv peruti primenom metode diferencijalne pulsne polarografije zasnivalo se na elektrohemijskoj redukciji jona cinka u amonijačnom puferu pH 10,2 i linearnoj zavisnosti intenziteta struje pika na redukcionom potencijalu - 1,33 V i koncentracije cinka. Metodom kalibracione krive je određen opseg linearnosti za određivanje koncentracije cinka od 1,28 x 10‒5 do 1,39 x 10‒4 mol L-1 i dobijena je linearna regresiona jednačina I = - 0,097 + 6,635 x 105c. Utvrđeno je da površinski aktivne komponente u matriksu šampona ne pokazuju polarografsku interferenciju i ne utiču na određivanje koncentracije cinka i sadržaja cink-piritiona u analiziranim šamponima. Koncentracije cinka u analiziranim uzorcima šampona određene su metodom standardnog dodatka i iznose 4,20 x 10‒2 mol L-1, 1,76 ' 10‒1 mol L-1 i 1,82 x 10‒1 mol L-1. Rezultati polarografskog određivanja cinka i sadržaja cink-piritiona pokazuju da su dobijene vrednosti cink-piritiona 0,28%, 1,15% i 1,19% ispod maksimalno preporučenog sadržaja cink-piritiona u šamponima protiv peruti. Ova jednostavna i osetljiva metoda diferencijalno pulsne polarografije pogodna je za rutinsko i brzo određivanje sadržaja aktivnog sastojka i kontrolu kvaliteta šampona protiv peruti

THE APPLICATION OF DP POLAROGRAPHY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ZINC AND CONTENT OF ZINC PYRITHIONE IN ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOOS

Commercially formulated anti-dandruff shampoos contain zinc pyrithione (ZPT) as an active ingredient that has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-seborrheic properties. The determination of ZPT concentration in commercial anti-dandruff shampoos by differential pulse polarography (DPP) was based on the electrochemical reduction of zinc ions in ammoniacal buffer pH 10.2, and the linear dependence of the reduction differential pulse peak current at the potential - 1.33 V vs. concentration of zinc. Using the calibration curve method, it was found that the range of linearity for the determination of zinc concentration was from 1.28 ´ 10‒5 to 1.39 ´ 10-4 mol L‒1 (linear regression equation: I = - 0.097 + 6.635 ´ 105c). Surface active ingredients and micro-components in the shampoos did not exert a polarographic interference for the determination of zinc and did not affect the indirect determination of the content of the active ingredient ZPT. The concentrations of zinc in the analyzed anti-dandruff shampoo samples were determined by the standard addition method, resulting in 4.20 ´ 10‒2 mol L‒1, 1.76 ´ 10‒1 mol L‒1 and 1.82 ´ 10‒1 mol L‒1. The results of DPP determinations of zinc and ZPT show that the content of ZPT was 0.28%, 1.15% i.e. 1.19% and was below the maximum recommended level of ZPT in anti-dandruff shampoos. This simple and sensitive differential pulse polarography method is suitable for a routine and rapid control of the active ingredient content, as well as for the quality control of anti-dandruff shampoos. PRIMENA DP POLAROGRAFIJE ZA ODREĐIVANJE CINKA I SADRŽAJA CINK-PIRITIONA U ŠAMPONIMA PROTIV PERUTIAktivni sastojak komercijalno formulisanih šampona protiv peruti je cink-pirition, koji ima antifungalno, antibakterijsko i antiseboreično dejstvo. Određivanje cink-piritiona u šamponima protiv peruti primenom metode diferencijalne pulsne polarografije zasnivalo se na elektrohemijskoj redukciji jona cinka u amonijačnom puferu pH 10,2 i linearnoj zavisnosti intenziteta struje pika na redukcionom potencijalu - 1,33 V i koncentracije cinka. Metodom kalibracione krive je određen opseg linearnosti za određivanje koncentracije cinka od 1,28 ´ 10‒5 do 1,39 ´ 10‒4 mol L-1 i dobijena je linearna regresiona jednačina I = - 0,097 + 6,635´105c. Utvrđeno je da površinski aktivne komponente u matriksu šampona ne pokazuju polarografsku interferenciju i ne utiču na određivanje koncentracije cinka i sadržaja cink-piritiona u analiziranim šamponima. Koncentracije cinka u analiziranim uzorcima šampona određene su metodom standardnog dodatka i iznose 4,20 ´ 10‒2 mol L-1, 1,76 ´ 10‒1 mol L-1 i 1,82 ´ 10‒1 mol L-1. Rezultati polarografskog određivanja cinka i sadržaja cink-piritiona pokazuju da su dobijene vrednosti cink-piritiona 0,28%, 1,15% i 1,19% ispod maksimalno preporučenog sadržaja cink-piritiona u šamponima protiv peruti. Ova jednostavna i osetljiva metoda diferencijalno pulsne polarografije pogodna je za rutinsko i brzo određivanje sadržaja aktivnog sastojka i kontrolu kvaliteta šampona protiv peruti. HIGHLIGHTSCommercially formulated anti-dandruff shampoos contain zinc pyrithione (ZPT) as an active ingredient that has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-seborrheic effects;ZPT is based on the organic entity pyrithione (PT) in which a zinc ion forms a metal complex with PT in a 1 : 2 ratio;Determination of ZPT concentration in commercial anti-dandruff shampoos by differential pulse polarography is based on electrochemical reduction of zinc ions in ammoniacal buffer of pH 10.2;Surface active ingredients (anionic and amphoteric) and micro-components in the shampoos do not show a polarographic interference for determination of zinc and do not affect determination of the content of ZPT active ingredient;A simple and sensitive differential pulse polarography method is suitable for routine and rapid control of the active ingredient content, as well as for quality control of anti-dandruff shampoos

Far infrared properties of sintered PbTe doped with boron

Far infrared spectra of sintered PbTe doped with boron were analyzed. The measured infrared spectra were fitted using a modified plasmon-phonnon interaction model with two additional oscillators (at about 195 cm-1 and 285 cm-1) representing local B-impurity modes. The obtained results were compared with previously published data for a single crystal PbTe sample doped with boron

The effect of diethyldithicarbarnate on antioxidant enzyme activities in the blood of rats

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) exhibits a variety of effects including neurotoxic, radio-protective and sensitizing activity. It is a potent copper chelating agent used for the treatment of oxygen toxicity, as an imunomodulator in cancer therapy, as well as in HIV infected patients. In this study we examined the effect of DDC, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor, on the activities of copper-zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Three hours after diethyldithiocar-bamate treatment (1 g/kg b.m, i.p) a significant decrease of SOD and increase of GR and GST activities were found in the blood of rats. A negative correlation between SOD and GR and a positive correlation between GR and GST activities were also obtained. DDC induced a concentration dependent increase of GR activity and NADPH consumption in an enzymatic assay in vitro. The obtained results may be interpreted to indicate that a decrease in SOD activity in the blood of rats, after DDC administration, may be compensated for by changes in the activity of some other compounds suggesting that regulation of antioxidative defence is very complex.Dietilditiokarbamat (DDC) ispoljava različite uticaje kao što su neurotoksičnost, radioprotekcija i senzibilizacja. On je snažan helirajući agens za bakar i koristi se u tretiranju kiseonične toksičnosti imunomodulaciji kao i kod pacijenata zaraženih HIV virusom. U ovom radu smo proučavali uticaj DDC, inhibitora superoksid dismutaze (SOD), na aktivnost bakar cink sadržavajuće superoksid dismutaze (CuZn SOD), katalaze (CAT) glutation peroksidaze (GSH-Px), glutation reduktaze (GR) i glutation-S-transferaze (GST).Tretiranje pacova dietilditiokarbamatom u trajanju od tri časa (1g/kgt.m, i.p) dovodi do značajnogsmanjenja aktivnosti CuZn SOD i povećanja aktivnosti GR i GST u krvi pacova. Takodje je dobijena negativna korelacija izmedju SOD i GR aktivnosti. DDC indukuje povećanje GR aktivnosti koje je koncentraciono zavisno kao i NADPH potrošnju u in vitro enzimatskom eseju. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na činjenicu da smanjivanje aktivnosti SOD u krvi pacova posle tretiranja DDCom može biti kompenzovano promenom aktivnosti drugih komponenti što dalje sugeriše da je regulacija antioksidacione zaštite veoma kompleksna.nul

Far infrared characterization of samarium doped single crystal PbTe

Single crystal samples of lead telluride doped with samarium were produced using the Bridgman method. Far infrared reflectivity spectra in the temperature range 10 K - 300 K are presented and numerically analyzed using a fitting procedure based on a modified plasmon phonon interaction model. The optical parameters were determined and three local modes of samarium were observed at about 167 cm-1, 227 cm-1 and 486 cm-1