592 research outputs found
Synaptic tagging and capture : differential role of distinct calcium/calmodulin kinases in protein synthesis-dependent long-term potentiation
Weakly tetanized synapses in area CA1 of the hippocampus that ordinarily display long-term potentiation lasting ~3 h (called early-LTP) will maintain a longer-lasting change in efficacy (late-LTP) if the weak tetanization occurs shortly before or after strong tetanization of an independent, but convergent, set of synapses in CA1. The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis explains this heterosynaptic influence on persistence in terms of a distinction between local mechanisms of synaptic tagging and cell-wide mechanisms responsible for the synthesis, distribution, and capture of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs). We now present evidence that distinct CaM kinase (CaMK) pathways serve a dissociable role in these mechanisms. Using a hippocampal brain-slice preparation that permits stable long-term recordings in vitro for >10 h and using hippocampal cultures to validate the differential drug effects on distinct CaMK pathways, we show that tag setting is blocked by the CaMK inhibitor KN-93 (2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine) that, at low concentration, is more selective for CaMKII. In contrast, the CaMK kinase inhibitor STO-609 [7H-benzimidazo(2,1-a)benz(de)isoquinoline-7-one-3-carboxylic acid] specifically limits the synthesis and/or availability of PRPs. Analytically powerful three-pathway protocols using sequential strong and weak tetanization in varying orders and test stimulation over long periods of time after LTP induction enable a pharmacological dissociation of these distinct roles of the CaMK pathways in late-LTP and so provide a novel framework for the molecular mechanisms by which synaptic potentiation, and possibly memories, become stabilized
PKM Katekese Tentang Menghayati Nilai Kekeluargaan dalam Era Digital bagi Para Orangtua Peserta Komuni Pertama
The communication media as a work of human beings reason from time to time has a very rapidly progress together with the growth and the development of new innovations in the world of the digital technology. This progress is a certainty that must be received by the human beings who are in a strong mind and conscience awareness that communication media is so sophisticated but remains as a means of the development of the human beings civilization. This awareness gradually can be expected to encourage human beings in order to place themselves appropriately as the subject of the development of the communication media itself through a rational and an accurate filtering process against negative influences that can threaten with human beings civilization. One of the institutions is threatened with the negative influences of the communicaton media is family. At first the family gets a respected position as a socialization agent about the values of life is now experiencing decline of function as well as its role because the majority of the family members are now snared because of the negative influences of the communication media. The sympathetic as well as the empathetic atmosphere are used to be the first decoration in the house and now is just becoming a nice memory but sadden. The fascination is too axtreme makes each of the family member of the communication media and finally appear some attitudes as well as behaviours that don,t go with the values of solidarity and the family as well. At last, this problem lets grow as well as develop without striving for preventive and curative of the various social elements. This meant preparing a show of a destruction of the generation in the future. Therefore, the whole sides are expected to their involvement to be a foremost line in preventing efforts. On the basis, the Paroki St. Yosef Onekore is also moved at giving the basics correct of comprehension to the parents in the catechetical activities that the communication media is actually just a means of using it to proclaim the King of God
A Novel Solar and Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System With a 3-D Printed Package for Energy Efficient Internet-of-Things Wireless Sensors
Assessing Smoking Behaviour and Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Definitions and Methods
AbstractIn recent years, the increased availability of tobacco products other than conventional cigarettes, the use of puffing topography devices for smoking behaviour studies and the use of biomarkers to study smoke constituents exposure have generated the need for a more comprehensive set of definitions concerning smoking behaviour and exposure to smoke. The definitions offered in this paper are based on many years of practical experience and on consensus within a broad group of scientists working in these areas. It is intended that, with wider and more consistent usage, these definitions should reduce any misunderstandings and facilitate interpretation of future studies
Katekese Tentang âBangga Menjadi Orang Katolikâ bagi Komunitas Mahasiswa Katolik Puâurere
The pride of being a true Catholic has gone down and also has been the symptom among the Catholic students nowadays. The feeling of the Catholicsm with various of special charachteristics and uniqueness has not enchanted and made the Catholic students proud anymore. They were bored and were uninterested in reek of religion and spiritual as well. The Catholic students  should become chief action or chief moving spirit of the pivotal strength of the Church-life in the future, but to be pitfallen slowly or step by step in the crisis of identity of the prolonged Catholicsm. This crisis was caused by their unability to have a certain attitude critically and wisely, accompanied by a gale made the values of secularism that shook various kinds of order belief of the Catholic that has been handed down from one generation to the other. Let the situation has been walking without efforts to overcome it. This condition perhaps would like to destroy the future of the Catholic students. To reply the hindrances needed lots of people to participate actively to give guidance to the them in order to reach the right way. The institute of the highest education as well as the local church are a very important people who must be the right handmen of them. Both of the institutions have to be one mind and sharing in the same struggle to make yourselves appearance or present yourselves as a shepherd to search, to find, and to guide them as the Lambs who have lost their ways to the right ways. The cooperation between two institutions must bear various kinds of contextual activities as well as useful for developing attitude and individuality of them in the future. The activity of spiritual guidance can be done in preparation Parish of St. Marinus Puuârere is the result of a concern apprehensive together in order to hand them in order that in the middle of a tremendous storm attacking the values of the terrific secularism, the catholic students remained proud of and militant to spout the characteristic of their catholicsm as the light candle for a lot of people through thought, words, and acts which they have done
Small RNAs Establish Delays and Temporal Thresholds in Gene Expression
Non-coding RNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes, but it remains poorly understood how they affect the dynamics of
transcriptional networks. We analyzed the temporal characteristics of the
cyanobacterial iron stress response by mathematical modeling and quantitative
experimental analyses, and focused on the role of a recently discovered small
non-coding RNA, IsrR. We found that IsrR is responsible for a pronounced delay
in the accumulation of isiA mRNA encoding the late-phase stress protein, IsiA,
and that it ensures a rapid decline in isiA levels once external stress
triggers are removed. These kinetic properties allow the system to selectively
respond to sustained (as opposed to transient) stimuli, and thus establish a
temporal threshold, which prevents energetically costly IsiA accumulation under
short-term stress conditions. Biological information is frequently encoded in
the quantitative aspects of intracellular signals (e.g., amplitude and
duration). Our simulations reveal that competitive inhibition and regulated
degradation allow intracellular regulatory networks to efficiently discriminate
between transient and sustained inputs
Photochemistry of the PAH pyrene in water ice: the case for ion-mediated solid-state astrochemistry
Context. Icy dust grains play an important role in the formation of complex
inter- and circumstellar molecules. Observational studies show that polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundantly present in the ISM in the gas
phase. It is likely that these non-volatile species freeze out onto dust grains
as well and participate in the astrochemical solid-state network, but
experimental PAH ice studies are largely lacking. Methods. Near UV/VIS
spectroscopy is used to track the in situ VUV driven photochemistry of pyrene
containing ices at temperatures ranging from 10 to 125 K. Results. The main
photoproducts of VUV photolyzed pyrene ices are spectroscopically identified
and their band positions are listed for two host ices, \water and CO. Pyrene
ionisation is found to be most efficient in \water ices at low temperatures.
The reaction products, triplet pyrene and the 1-hydro-1-pyrenyl radical are
most efficiently formed in higher temperature water ices and in low temperature
CO ice. Formation routes and band strength information of the identified
species are discussed. Additionally, the oscillator strengths of Py, Py^+ and
PyH are derived and a quantitative kinetic analysis is performed by fitting a
chemical reaction network to the experimental data. Conclusions. Pyrene is
efficiently ionised in water ice at temperatures below 50 K. Hydrogenation
reactions dominate the chemistry in low temperature CO ice with trace amounts
of water. The results are put in an astrophysical context by determining the
importance of PAH ionisation in a molecular cloud. The photoprocessing of a
sample PAH in ice described in this manuscript indicates that PAH
photoprocessing in the solid state should also be taken into account in
astrochemical models.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Cosmic ray tests of a GEM-based TPC prototype operated in Ar-CF4-isobutane gas mixtures
Argon with an admixture of CF4 is expected to be a good candidate for the gas
mixture to be used for a time projection chamber (TPC) in the future linear
collider experiment because of its small transverse diffusion of drift
electrons especially under a strong magnetic field. In order to confirm the
superiority of this gas mixture over conventional TPC gases we carried out
cosmic ray tests using a GEM-based TPC operated mostly in Ar-CF4-isobutane
mixtures under 0 - 1 T axial magnetic fields. The measured gas properties such
as gas gain and transverse diffusion constant as well as the observed spatial
resolution are presented.Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures. Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research A. Fig. 3 in the introduction was corrected since it had not
been properly normalized. Minor corrections and no changes in the conclusio
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