Healthcare information and the rural primary care doctor

Health inequity and improper dispensing of social justice is a huge topic of which one aspect is healthcare information and access to it. Access to health information is a ‘prerequisite for meeting the Millennium Development Goals’, and lack of knowledge and information, especially in resource-poor settings, impedes the delivery of quality healthcare and contributes to many preventable deaths worldwide. Three out of four doctors responsible for care of children in district hospitals in seven less developed countries reported inadequate knowledge in managing common childhood illnesses such as childhood pneumonia, severe malnutrition and sepsis. A review concluded that information deficiency exists ‘right across the health workforce’ and can be associated with provision of suboptimal care

A comparative study of neonatal and maternal outcome between forceps delivery and vacuum extraction

Background: Aims and objectives of the study were to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of forceps versus vacuum application in assisted vaginal delivery. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal over one year. Women in labor with vertex presentation were delivered by vacuum and forceps. A total of 100 cases were included of which 50 patients selected for forceps delivery and 50 patients for vacuum extraction. The instruments were either silastic cup vacuum extractor or Wrigley`s outlet forceps. Maternal morbidity was studied in terms of cervical tears, vaginal lacerations, episiotomy extension, perineal tears, PPH, and retention of urine. Neonatal morbidity was studied in terms of Apgar score, instrumental injuries, cephalhematoma, NICU admission and the outcome was compared. Chi square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Observations maternal morbidity viz. episiotomy extension, traumatic PPH were significant in the forceps group (p=0.01). With regards to neonatal morbidity, SNCU admission were significantly higher in forceps delivery (p=0.02) and incidence of cephalohematomas were more in ventouse delivery (p=0.02). Conclusions: Vacuum and forceps should remain appropriate tools in the armamentarium of the modern obstetrician. However, ventouse may be chosen first (if there is no fetal distress) as it is significantly less likely to injure the mother.

Aggregation of triangular fuzzy neutrosophic set information and its application to multi-attribute decision making

This paper is devoted to propose triangular fuzzy number neutrosophic sets by combining triangular fuzzy numbers with single valued neutrosophic set and define some of its operational rules

Immediate induction of labor in premature rupture of membranes at term (PROMT)-vaginal Misoprostol tablet versus PGE2 gel: a randomized comparative study

Background: The aim of the study is to compare immediate induction with vaginal misoprostol tablet and immediate induction with vaginal PGE2 gel in women with premature rupture of membranes at term (PROMT).Methods: Nine hundred thirty-two women with PROM at term were assigned randomly to receive intravaginal 25μg misoprostol tablet, 4 hourly with a maximum of 5 doses or 0.5 mg vaginal PGE2 gel 6 hourly with a maximum of 2 doses. The primary outcome measures were cesarean section rate, admission to delivery interval and induction to delivery interval. Secondary outcomes included, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal safety outcome. Results were calculated applying Fisher Exact Test, Chi square test, t test and calculating the P-value using an alpha level of 0.05 for Type I error.Results: The mean time from admission to delivery was 13.16 hours in the misoprostol group and 13.56 hours in the PGE2 group (P= 0.3014). Induction to delivery interval was also comparable between the groups (10.23 h versus 10.18 h).Caesarean section rate did not differ significantly between groups (12.13% versus 15.74% ,P=0.135 RR 0.783 95% CI 0.568-1.079).More women in misoprostol group had instrumental delivery (7.57% versus 4.25%, P=0.031, RR 1.089 95% CI 1.04-3.03).The  neonatal outcomes were comparable between the groups . Maternal outcomes were not significantly different except incidence of analgesic use (P=0.009 RR 1.62 95% CI 1.03-1.30), meconium stained liquor (P=.0096 RR 2.03 CI 1.17-3.53) and   number of digital vaginal examinations (P<.0001) in misoprostol group.Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol is equally efficacious in labor induction and demonstrates a similar fetal and maternal safety profile to PGE2 gel

TOPSIS Method for MADM based on Interval Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number

TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a very common method for Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problem in crisp as well as uncertain environment. The interval trapezoidal neutrosophic number can handle incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information which are generally occurred in uncertain environment. In this paper, we propose TOPSIS method for MADM, where the rating values of the attributes are interval trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers and the weight information of the attributes are known or partially known or completely unknown. We develop optimization models to obtain weights of the attributes with the help of maximum deviation strategy for partially known and completely unknown cases. Finally, we provide a numerical example to illustrate the proposed approach and make a comparative analysis

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) aided cooling of strontium atoms

The presence of ultra-narrow inter-combination spectroscopic lines in alkaline earth elements places them as promising candidates for optical atomic clocks, quantum computation, and for probing fundmental physics. Doppler cooling of these atoms is typically achieved through two subsequent stages: the initial cooling is on the 1s0-1p1 transition followed by cooling using the narrow-line 1s0-3p1 transition. However, due to significantly lower linewidth of the second stage cooling transition, efficient transfer of atoms into the second stage becomes technically challenging. The velocity distribution of the atoms after the first stage of cooling is too broad for atoms to be captured efficiently in the second stage cooling. As a result, the capture efficiency of atoms into the second stage Magneto-Optical Trap is low, even if the linewidth of the second stage cooling laser is artificially broadened.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Effect of band offset on carrier transport and infrared detection in InP quantum dots/Si nano-heterojunction grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique

Epitaxy of III-V semiconductors on Si gets recent interest for next generation system on heterogeneous chip on wafer. The understanding of band offset is thus necessary for describing the charge transport phenomenon in these heterojunctions. In this work, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy has been used to determine the band offsets in a heterojunction made of InP quantum dots on Si. The valence and conduction band offset was found to be 0.12 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively, with a type-II band lineup. Deviation from theoretical prediction and previously published reports on quasi similar systems have been found and analyzed on the basis of the effect of strain, surface energy, shift in the electrostatic dipole and charge transfer at the interface. The carrier transport mechanisms along with different device parameters in the heterojunction have been studied for a temperature range of 180–300 K. This heterojunction is found to behave as an efficient infrared photodetector with an ON/OFF ratio of 21 at a reverse bias of 2V. The corresponding rise and decay time was found to be 132 ms and 147 ms, respectively

Responses of meteorological parameters during August 24, 2016 Myanmar earthquake

Myanmar Earthquake (M=6.8) occurred on 24 August 2016 at 10:34 UTC. Anomalies are expected on the surface temperature and other atmospheric parameters. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the troposphere is very much connected with these meteorological parameters. The data of ionospheric variability, air temperature and relative humidity are taken from Chauk Historical Weather, Myanmar ground stations and analysed through origin 5.0 software. The variations of these parameters during the pre-and post-periods of this earthquake from 1 August 2016 to 31 August 2016 are studied in this work. A secondary response before 8 to 9 days and a primary response before 3 to 4 days before the occurrence of this earthquake are obtained. The radioactive Isotopes generate the geothermal energy during decay, distributed between the rock and the natural fluid contained in its fracture regions developed due to the plate movement in the Sunda Trench regions. The stored energy is emitted in the form of heat from earth crust through fractured places and results the anomalous surface latent heat increase before a strong earthquake in the preparation zone. The anomalous surface latent heat causes the variations of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed