Dynamical Restoration of Z_N Symmetry in SU(N)+Higgs Theories

We study the Z_N symmetry in SU(N)+Higgs theories with the Higgs field in the fundamental representation. The distributions of the Polyakov loop show that the Z_N symmetry is explicitly broken in the Higgs phase. On the other hand, inside the Higgs symmetric phase the Polyakov loop distributions and other physical observables exhibit the Z_N symmetry. This effective restoration of the Z_N symmetry changes the nature of the confinement-deconfinenement transition. We argue that the Z_N symmetry will lead to time independent topological defect solutions in the Higgs symmetric deconfined phase which will play important role at high temperatures.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Confinement-Deconfinement transition and Z2Z_2 symmetry in Z2+Z_2+Higgs theory

We study the Polyakov loop and the $Z_2$ symmetry in the lattice $Z_2+$Higgs theory in 4D Euclidean space using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that this symmetry is realised in the Higgs symmetric phase for large number of temporal lattice sites. To understand the dependence on the number of temporal sites, we consider a one dimensional model by keeping terms of the original action corresponding to a single spatial site. In this approximation the partition function can be calculated exactly as a function of the Polyakov loop. The resulting free energy is found to have the $Z_2$ symmetry in the limit of large temporal sites. We argue that this is due to $Z_2$ invariance as well as dominance of the distribution or density of states corresponding to the action.Comment: 17 pages, 23 figure

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on physical, bio-chemical and functional properties of Jamun (Syzygium cmini) during storage

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of jamun (Syzygium cumini) was studied in macro-perforated (4, 8 and 12 perforations, 0.03 mm dia. each) polypropylene (PP) film (thickness: 50 μm, dimension: 30x10 cm) and extended polystyrene trays with cling package (thickness: 20-micron, width: 20 cm) at different storage conditions i.e., cold storage at temperature 1-3°C, 90% RH, refrigerated storage at 8-10ºC, 80-85% RH and ambient temperature 25-28ºC, 70-80% RH. Changes in different physical, biochemical parameters i.e., headspace gas composition %O2 & CO2, physiological weight loss %, colour, anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were determined at every 7 days intervals up to 30 days. The headspace gas concentration in 4 perforations PP at refrigerated storage (8-10ºC, 80-85% RH) was observed to be: CO2 = 4.55% and O2 = 17.45%, whereas, CO2 = 2.7% and O2 = 16.67% in case of cold storage after 30 days storage. Physiological weight loss of samples was minimum and the purplish-blue colour, ascorbic acid content, was retained maximum in 4 perforations PP cold storage samples. Anthocyanin content was retained maximum (92.8%) in 8 perforations cold storage sample. Total Microbial load was minimum (1.39x104 cfu/g) in case of 4P PP samples in cold storage. Sensory analysis of MAP of jamun suggested that the overall acceptability score > 7.08±0.16 were obtained, in terms of taste and colour and found suitable for consumption even after 30 days of storage

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on physical, bio-chemical and functional properties of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) during storage

865-875Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of jamun (Syzygium cumini) was studied in macro-perforated (4, 8 and 12 perforations, 0.03 mm dia. each) polypropylene (PP) film (thickness: 50 μm, dimension: 30x10 cm) and extended polystyrene trays with cling package (thickness: 20-micron, width: 20 cm) at different storage conditions i.e., cold storage at temperature 1-3°C, 90% RH, refrigerated storage at 8-10ºC, 80-85% RH and ambient temperature 25-28ºC, 70-80% RH. Changes in different physical, biochemical parameters i.e., headspace gas composition %O2 & CO2, physiological weight loss %, colour, anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were determined at every 7 days intervals up to 30 days. The headspace gas concentration in 4 perforations PP at refrigerated storage (8-10ºC, 80-85% RH) was observed to be: CO2 = 4.55% and O2 = 17.45%, whereas, CO2 = 2.7% and O2 = 16.67% in case of cold storage after 30 days storage. Physiological weight loss of samples was minimum and the purplish-blue colour, ascorbic acid content, was retained maximum in 4 perforations PP cold storage samples. Anthocyanin content was retained maximum (92.8%) in 8 perforations cold storage sample. Total microbial load was minimum (1.39x104 cfu/g) in case of 4P PP samples in cold storage. Sensory analysis of MAP of jamun suggested that the overall acceptability score > 7.08±0.16 were obtained, in terms of taste and colour and found suitable for consumption even after 30 days of storage