Torsion units in group rings

Let U(RG) be the unit group of the group ring RG. In this paper we study group rings RG whose support elements of every torsion unit are torsion, where R is either the ring of integers Z or a field K

Craniopharyngioma - Transnasal Endoscopic Approach

Craniopharyngiomas are slow growing tumours arising from remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct and occupy the sellar region. The patients may remain asymptomatic for long duration or present with headache or visual disturbances. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. Traditionally these tumours have been removed by neurosurgeons through the cranial approach but the advent of nasal endoscopes has opened new avenues for ENT surgeons to treat such patients. We hereby present a case of craniopharyngioma who was successfully treated by Trans-nasal Hypophysectomy

Group rings with FC-nilpotent unit groups

Let U(RG) be the unit group of the group ring RG. Groups G such that U(RG) is FC-nilpotent are determined, where R is the ring of integers Z or a field K of characteristic zer

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of External Auditory Canal

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is extremely rare tumour that accounts for approximately 5% of primary malignancy of external auditory canal. These tumours are related with a high risk of recurrences and significant morbidities from surgical management and adjuvant radiotherapy. Despite the aggressive management for these tumours, many patients succumb to distant metastasis, making overall prognosis of these tumours poor. Although ACC of EAC has been reported in 5th decade, but its occurrence in young patient is very rare. We report a rare case of ACC in a young 22 years old female, who presented with ear canal mass and ear pain. Biopsy suggested mass to be ACC. Patient underwent wide local excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy

A Rare Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body

Nasopharynx is an exceptionally rare anatomical location for foreign body impaction. We present a rare case of nasopharyngeal foreign body (NFB) in a 7 years old child. The diagnosis was confirmed by nasal endoscopy. Immediate removal of foreign body (FB) in the nasopharynx was performed under general anesthesia. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since its dislodgment may cause fatal airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with missing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction should be kept in mind and endoscopic examination of the region should be considere

Malignant Melanoma of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: 2 Case Reports

Malignant melanoma is one of the rare and highly aggressive diseases of the sinonasal cavity. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis as the patient usually presents with non specific signs and symptoms. In the natural course of the disease, higher rate of loco regional recurrences and distant metastasis are seen making the overall prognosis of disease very poor. In reviewing the various treatment modalities used in the past, surgical resection of the tumour with postoperative radiotherapy is preferred one. Advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy don’t have any impact on improved survival, which remains poor in this disease. We report two cases of malignant melanoma, which were treated at our institute

Primary Non-Hodgkin's Malignant Lymphoma of the Sinonasal Tract

Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) of the sinonasal tract are rather uncommon entities. Morphologically and radiographically, sinonasal lymphomas are difficult to distinguish from other malignant neoplasms or non- neoplastic processes. They have a variable presentation from fulminant destructive manifestations to chronic indolent type of disease and may mimic as carcinomas and invasive fungal infection respectively. We report a case of primary NHL involving sinonasal tract in elderly female, which was clinically and radiologically mimicking as sinonasal malignany and was proven as NHL on histological examination and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A high index of suspicion, appropriate histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry is necessary to differentiate sinonasal lymphomas from other possibilities. Failure to do so may miss the diagnosis and delay appropriate treatmen

Aggressive Fibromatosis in Neck.

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a locally aggressive infiltrative low-grade benign tumor that accounts for approximately less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. In the head and neck region this tumor tends to be more aggressive and associated with significant morbidity. Aggressive surgery is a viable management option and may be successfully used as a single modality treatment, or in combination with radiotherapy. We report a rare case of AF in a 38 year old female, who presented with a painless mass over the left supraclavicular fossa, extending inferiorly into the thoracic inlet, which was excised successfully in toto with the help of cardiothoracic vascular surgeon (CTVS)

Recent Advancement in Self Emulsifing Drug Delivery System

Every day, researchers make new attempts to identify neurotherapeutics, but few of them make it to clinical trials. The main cause is their low bioavailability, which is connected to low water solubility, low permeability through biological membranes, and the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, the most significant challenge in administering drugs to the brain is overcoming the blood-brain barrier. In order to get around it, intranasal administration has become more popular, sometimes even more so than oral administration. Because of its structure, the nasal cavity can bypass the blood-brain barrier and transport drugs to the brain directly. Nasal absorption increases the systemic bioavailability of highly processed substances because they bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, due to their unique physicochemical properties, most neurotherapeutics must be synthesized in lipidic nanosystems as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). To load large quantities of lipophilic medicines into micro or nanoemulsions, these isotropic mixes of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants are diluted in water. The goal of SEDDS is to increase the stability of labile pharmaceuticals against enzymatic activity, boost drug penetration through absorptive membranes, and reduce the likelihood of drug precipitation at absorption sites. Therefore, improved brain targeting and bioavailability of medications might be anticipated by combining the benefits of SEDDS with those of the intranasal route for brain delivery. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the intranasal administration of pharmaceuticals loaded in SEDDS, this paper provides a comprehensive characterization of SEDDS as a lipidic nanosystem. Finally, the in vivo effects of intranasal or oral delivery of SEDDS, showing their superiority over standard solutions or suspensions, are described