Pengembangan Dan Pengelolaan Eboni Dalam Sistem Daerah Penyangga

The increasing value of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) recently, causes extensive exploration of the species, and as the consequency the natural population of this species become endangered.Conservation of ebony depends on the management of the Nature Conservation areas or the National Parks in Sulawesi.Conserving the gene pool and management of the surrounding area i.e.the buffer zone is important for the species diversity and the social economic aspect of the local community.The buffer zone has three different functions, as greenbelt zone, interaction zone and cultivation zone.These zones are managed in an integrated system where the progress of the region is responsible on the conservation and community development is implemented. The progress of the ebony forest plantation and agriculture zone of the buffer zone area develops into a mixed plantation forest of an agroforestry system in a community forest management

Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder

We present a novel method of manufacturing rigid and robust short natural fiber preforms using a papermaking process. Bacterial cellulose acts simultaneously as the binder for the loose fibers and provides rigidity to the fiber preforms. These preforms can be infused with a resin to produce truly green hierarchical composites

Microwave curing of carbon-epoxy composites: Penetration depth and material characterisation

Microwave heating has several major advantages over conventional conductive heating when used to cure carbon–epoxy composites, especially in speed of processing. Despite this and many other well-known advantages, microwave heating of carbon–epoxy composites has not taken off in industry, or even academia, due to the problems associated with microwave energy distribution, arcing, tool design and (ultimately) part quality and consistency, thus leading to a large scepticism regarding the technique/technology for heating such type of materials. This paper presents some evidence which suggests that with the correct hardware and operating procedure/methodology, consistent and high quality carbon–epoxy laminates can be produced, with the possibility of scaling up the process, as demonstrated by the micro- and macro-scale mechanical test results. Additionally, the author proposes a methodology to practically measure the maximum microwave penetration depth of a carbon–epoxy composite material

PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN EBONI DALAM SISTEM DAERAH PENYANGGA

The increasing value of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) recently, causes extensive exploration of the species, and as the consequency the natural population of this species become endangered.Conservation of ebony depends on the management of the Nature Conservation areas or the National Parks in Sulawesi.Conserving the gene pool and management of the surrounding area i.e.the buffer zone is important for the species diversity and the social economic aspect of the local community.The buffer zone has three different functions, as greenbelt zone, interaction zone and cultivation zone.These zones are managed in an integrated system where the progress of the region is responsible on the conservation and community development is implemented. The progress of the ebony forest plantation and agriculture zone of the buffer zone area develops into a mixed plantation forest of an agroforestry system in a community forest management

Analysis of the fecal and oral microbiota in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease for which a lack of bacterial involvement is a key diagnostic feature to distinguish it from other symptomatically related diseases. However, the growing evidence suggesting an involvement of the host-associated microbiota in rheumatic disorders together with the now wide accessibility of modern culture-independent methods warrant a closer examination of CRMO

Mecanismos de transferencia y gestión estratégica del conocimiento en empresas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo

(Eng) This paper aims to analyse the knowledge transfer mechanisms and strategic knowledge management in occupational safety and health (OSH) companies. The main authors consulted for the study were Dav - enport (6) , Molina, and Marsal (8) . The research is descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional and with field design. Results indicate that the spontaneous transference is present through personal meetings, and formal transference is mainly characterized by counselling. We found weaknesses in the strategic analysis and objectives definitions for the strategic knowledge management in the studied or ganizations.(Spa) El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los mecanismos de transferencia y gestión estratégica del conocimiento en empresas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Los autores bases considerados para el estudio son Davenport (6) y Molina y Marsal (8) . La investigación es descriptiva, con diseño no experimen - tal, transversal y de campo. Los resultados indican que la transferencia espontánea, está presente a través de las reuniones personales y la transferencia formalizada, se caracteriza por el desarrollo de asesorías. En cuanto a la gestión estratégica del conocimiento se presentan debilidades en el análisis estratégico y la definición de objetivos en las organizaciones analizadas

Using the post‐operative quality recovery scale to evaluate recovery with different neuromuscular blocking reversal agentsin the Portuguese population ‐ interim analysis results: 1AP3‐8

Background and Goal of Study: Post-operative Quality Recovery Scale (PQRS), is the first scale evaluating several domains of postoperative recovery. The objectives of this study were to compare overal and physiologic, cognitive, and functional domains of post-operative recovery af ter elective surgical procedures using neostigmine or sugammadex as neuromuscular blocking (NMB) reversal agents, to validate the use of PQRS in the Portuguese population and to objectively assess muscular strength recovery. Materials and Methods: Prospective multicenter observational study comparing postoperative recovery between 2 cohorts of 50 adult patients submitted to elective surgical procedures with general anesthesia using Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants and NMB reversal with neostigmine or sugammadex. Measurements obtained using Portuguese version of PQRS at dif ferent timepoint: baseline,15 minutes (T15), 40 minutes (T40), one and three days af ter surgery. Full recovery defined as return to values identical or higher than those measured at baseline, prior to surgery. Muscular strength measured with KERN- MAP® Dynamometer. Ethics Committees approval was obtained. Statistics used linear T-Test, Qui Square and Fisher exact test, data presented as mean±SD for continuous variables. Interim analysis results presented Results and Discussion: Thirty patients received neostigmine and 21 sugammadex. Age and BMI 50.4±11.8 and 28.6±5.6 in the neostigmine group and 38.2±12.7 and 24.7± 4.5 in the sugammadex group (p< 0,001). Overall response rate at T15 was 86% for neostigmine and 95% for sugammadex (p= 0.22). Dif ferences in favor of sugammadex group noted in nociceptive and emotional domains, 80 vs 100% respectively (p=0.04). Overall response rate at T40 was 80% for neostigmine and 65% for sugammadex (p=0.33), primarily reflecting constraints on activities of daily life. Muscular strength did not dif fer. Improvements in recovery scores from T15 to T40 were observed in both groups, without significant dif ferences . Postoperative assessments were feasible using PQRS at T15 and T40 and seem appropriate for comparisons between postoperative recovery domains and overall recovery . These preliminary results suggest nociceptive and emotional domains recovery at T15 may be faster with sugammadex. Conclusion: The results support the adopted PQRS validation process and the potential of this scale as a tool for the evaluation of post operative recovery evaluation in the Portuguese populatio

Impediments to Marketing African Natural products From Ghana: Preliminary Results

For most of the African countries agriculture still remains the mainstay of the economies supplying both food and incomes via marketable surpluses. However, many odds against agriculture such low productivity, poor prices, and drought among others make it unsustainable. Results thus far show that such dependence has contributed little to neither economic development nor growth. Still many of its people living on and from agriculture remain poor, and are susceptible to hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, their over reliance on a few traditional exports such coffee, tea, and cocoa etc., products whose world prices keep declining has not helped either. At most this is futile response to raising incomes of its people, let alone spur any meaningful development. Agricultural may still contribute to development, if the countries could diversify from traditional products to the untapped areas. The continent's rich botanical heritage offers an excellent opportunity to diversify away from traditional exports. The natural products have a greater appeal to consumers especially in the rich west. Thus, development of natural products as alternative or complimentary to the current mix of tradable products will positively impact the social and economic lives of many people, especially those in the rural areas. Additionally, diversification of the production systems to include natural plants provides a superior route to the creating viable agribusinesses in rural communities currently lacking. Natural products happen to have enormous advantages; First, indigenous African plants occur naturally and so are relatively easy to cultivate commercially. Second, natural plant production is labor intensive rather than capital intensive, and so minimizes capital investment while at the same time maximizing job-creation potential. Third, African communities have extensive knowledge of indigenous plants, creating a natural competitive advantage in this sector. ASNAPP (Agribusiness in Sustainable Natural African Plants Products) a non-profit organization formed in 1999 with funding from USAID (United States Agency for International Development) is helping create and develop successful African agribusinesses in the natural plant products sector. The organization focuses on the development of high-value natural plant products that enable African agribusinesses to compete in local, regional and international markets. These products include herbal teas, culinary herbs and spices, essential and press oils, as well as medicinal plants. Currently, ASNAPP operates in five countries, namely South Africa, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia, working with 25 agri-enterprises that represent more than 2000 small-scale natural plant suppliers. The prospects for natural products market is very bright, for example the global nutraceutical market alone is estimated to be worth $60 billion annually in sales of dietary and meal supplements, as well as specialty products. There is also increasing demand for organic and natural products such as herbal teas, essential oils, herbs and spices, phytomedicines and phytocosmetics. This growth has been supported by a global swing away from synthetic products to those that are natural, healthy, sustainably produced and fairly traded. In the context of world trade in natural products, African country's natural forests supply more herbs, medicinal plants and natural food ingredients. The Americans and Europeans are the major consumers of natural products in the global market. Products such as the herbal tea's, essential oils, cosmetic and spices have readily available markets. Natural product sales was estimated$34 billion in 2001, It is estimated that Global sales for organic and natural products will reach about $100 billion by 2008 at an annual growth rate of 20-30$316 million dollar business in 1996 to over $454 million in 2001(Alberta Essential Oils, 1996; Datamonitor, 2002). Indeed there is untapped potential ranging from raw products to processed ones, which could fetch even higher returns to the farmers. However, it is only a few large enterprises that are active in the sector, leaving rural communities who had in fact been the first to discover the health and nutritional properties of indigenous plants out in the cold. The ASNAPP Ghana program which commenced in 2000 is currently working on essential oils, lippia tea, grains of paradise, cryptolepis, kombo butter, shea butter and Artemisia, with the focus on the Eastern, Central, Ashanti, Volta, Greater Accra and Northern regions of Ghana. The natural products industry in Ghana is characterized by low input- low output; mostly operated by small-scale farmers (suppliers) with low levels of levels of formal education and agricultural production knowledge. In this respect the supply side problems may be summarized as regularity of the supplies, quality and timeliness. Organizationally, the scale of the operations may be a bottleneck one hand, on the other hand, information, capital; product quality and assurance mechanisms hinder successful commercialization. The domestic markets are largely at the low levels of commercialization; the operators have limited technical knowledge about natural products, and limited capital to expand their businesses and exploit the readily available foreign markets. Similarly, on the demand side, there may be lack of consumer information as to the range of products, where to find them and what remedies they offer. This paper has the objective of highlighting the marketing impediments facing the natural products market in the retail and wholesale portions of the chain in Ghana. Specifically, (i) profile the technical, financial, organizational, etc., constraints the traders face (domestically and externally), (ii) profile the natural product range and their functions (iii) suggest policy interventions. Preliminary results from the Ghana business survey show that seven out of ten of the businesses are retailer operated, whose two-thirds supply is dependent on the small-scale farmers. There results also show that virtually all the traders have not received any technical, financial or trade assistance from any organization. At most only 1 out of ten businesses have ventured into external trade. The preliminary results show tremendous potential, however a lot need to be done to tap on this potential. The analysis will be based on a survey that was carried out in Ghana to correct information on; product ranges; the supply chain (from production to the retail stores and potential for exports. The analysis will contribute toward inform policy of which marketing to be addressed and inform domestic and foreign consumers of the presence of such products. References: Alberta Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Herb/Spice Industry Fact Sheet. Compiled by Dennis Dey. AG-Ventures, Agdex 263/830-1, www.agric.gov.ab.ca, September 1996. Datamonitor, Nov 15, 2002. Marty T. S., and Patrick R., "Natural Product Sales Top$42 Billion" Natural Foods Merchandiser, 2004, volume XXV/number 6/ p. 1 Organic Natural health, 2001. http://www.health-report.co.uk/organic-cosmetics-usa- opportunity.htm#Organic/natural%20industry%20profileInternational Relations/Trade,