8 research outputs found
School Principals’ Work Intensification and Resilience: A Call for Structural Change
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, principals have taken on increased responsibilities. Principals who are thriving are praised for their resilience while those who are struggling are inundated with calls to build their resilience. In this conceptual article, we problematize the overemphasis on individual responsibility that is implicit in pro-resilience narratives. We reviewed the interdisciplinary literature and used an inductive approach to examine resilience narratives across historical and disciplinary arcs, with specific attention given to the school leadership literature. We argue that, within the context of this pro-resilience movement, if attention is not given to the structural conditions of work intensification, the education system is setting K–12 principals up to experience adverse unintended consequences. These consequences can worsen existing mental health issues, such as occupational burnout, or exacerbate mental health stigma. We conclude by suggesting that structural changes could disrupt this individualization of responsibility and overreliance on the personal resiliency of school principals
Genetic trends in CIMMYT’s tropical maize breeding pipelines
Fostering a culture of continuous improvement through regular monitoring of genetic trends in breeding pipelines is essential to improve efficiency and increase accountability. This is the first global study to estimate genetic trends across the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) tropical maize breeding pipelines in eastern and southern Africa (ESA), South Asia, and Latin America over the past decade. Data from a total of 4152 advanced breeding trials and 34,813 entries, conducted at 1331 locations in 28 countries globally, were used for this study. Genetic trends for grain yield reached up to 138 kg ha−1 yr−1 in ESA, 118 kg ha−1 yr−1 South Asia and 143 kg ha−1 yr−1 in Latin America. Genetic trend was, in part, related to the extent of deployment of new breeding tools in each pipeline, strength of an extensive phenotyping network, and funding stability. Over the past decade, CIMMYT’s breeding pipelines have significantly evolved, incorporating new tools/technologies to increase selection accuracy and intensity, while reducing cycle time. The first pipeline, Eastern Africa Product Profile 1a (EA-PP1a), to implement marker-assisted forward-breeding for resistance to key diseases, coupled with rapid-cycle genomic selection for drought, recorded a genetic trend of 2.46% per year highlighting the potential for deploying new tools/technologies to increase genetic gain
Not Available
Not AvailableMaize is the third most important cereal crop
after wheat and rice in the world. Nearly 80 per cent of
maize in India is grown under rainfed ecology. In the era
of climate change, its production and productivity are
limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses. Amongst the
abiotic stresses, drought and water logging stresses are
the major one. Considering it, the current study was
carried out to evaluate and select water logging tolerant
genotypes suitable for stress-prone ecology. A set of 70
maize varieties consisting of 61 single cross hybrids and
09 composites of late-medium duration and 13 single cross
hybrids of early duration were evaluated in two separate
trials at three different environments. Two same sets were
constituted in each trial for evaluation one under water
logging stress and another as control set where no water
stress was imposed. The overall grain yield under stress
conditions in different environments was varied from
4806.7 to 1715.4 kg/ha in late-medium trials and 3727.2
to 1418.3 kg/ha in early. Similarly, the yield under nonstress
was varied from 5949.3 to 2926.3 kg/ha in latemedium
and 5324.0 to 2873.2 in early duration trials. The
analyses done using the Additive Main effect and
Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model, has differentiated
the test genotypes based on their performance and
interaction with the target environments. Based on AMMI
selection, in the late-medium group, three hybrids, such
as IMH 1527, DMRH 1419 and CMH-08-292 (yielded >
5000 kg/ha) and in the early, VMH 51 and IMH 1533 (>
4000 kg/ha) were repeatedly found in first four selection
in more than one environments. Further, tolerant hybrids
of medium duration were validated by planting in large plots
size under water logged and control conditions with
respect to the susceptible one. The non-significant yield
reduction ranging from 5.7 per cent to 12.8 per cent was
observed in the tolerant hybrids, however in susceptible,
it was highly significant ranging from 64.9 per cent to
82.1 per cent. The anatomical study showed a sufficient
number of well-developed aerenchymatous cells in the
roots tissues of tolerant hybrids under water stress
conditions. The identified tolerant hybrids can be explored
in stress-prone ecologies and can be used as source
germplasm for further diversification of water logging
stress breeding programme.Not Availabl
Current status of human papillomavirus vaccination in India's cervical cancer prevention efforts
Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020
This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.
Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-
Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis
BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways