80 research outputs found
Viscosity of Polar-Nonpolar Gas Mixtures Empirical method
The adequacy of the familiar Sutherland expression for tho viscosity
of gas mixtures is tested successfully for binary mixtures involving one component as polar.
The limited calculations of this paper also reveal that the co-efficients of the Sutherland expression may be treated as approximately temperature independent. This interesting result
may find great use in predicting values at high temperatures where no direct measurements
are available
Critical micelle concentration of cholesterol-peptide hybrids in PBS at 25°C.
<p>Panel A. Ch-R5H5. Panel B. Ch-R3H3. Panel C. Ch-R5. Panel D. Ch-R3.</p
Luciferase expression levels induced by Ch-R5H5/DNA, Ch-R3H3/DNA, Ch-R5, and Ch-R3 complexes in mammalian cells.
<p>DNA and PEI/DNA complex at an N/P ratio of 10 are used as negative and positive controls respectively. Error bars represent standard deviation of 4 replicates. Panel A. HEK-293 cell line. Panel B. MCF-7 cell line.</p
Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of Ch-R5H5/DNA, Ch-R3H3/DNA, Ch-R5/DNA, Ch-R3/DNA and R10/DNA complexes.
<p>Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of Ch-R5H5/DNA, Ch-R3H3/DNA, Ch-R5/DNA, Ch-R3/DNA and R10/DNA complexes.</p
Synthesis of cholesterol-peptide conjugates.
<p>Synthesis of cholesterol-peptide conjugates.</p
Cell viability of mammalian cells after incubation with Ch-R5H5-DNA, Ch-R3H3-DNA, Ch-R5, and Ch-R3 complexes at different N/P ratios compared to DNA and PEI/DNA complex at an N/P ratio of 10.
<p>Error bars represent standard deviation of 8 replicates. Panel A. HEK-293 cell line. Panel B. MCF-7 cell line.</p
Involvement in Denitrification is Beneficial to the Biofilm Lifestyle of <i>Comamonas testosteroni</i>: A Mechanistic Study and Its Environmental Implications
Comamonas is one of the most abundant
microorganisms in biofilm communities driving wastewater treatment.
Little has been known about the role of this group of organisms and
their biofilm mode of life. In this study, using Comamonas
testosteroni as a model organism, we demonstrated
the involvement of Comamonas biofilms
in denitrification under bulk aerobic conditions and elucidated the
influence of nitrate respiration on its biofilm lifestyle. Our results
showed that C. testosteroni could use
nitrate as the sole electron acceptor for anaerobic growth. Under
bulk aerobic condition, biofilms of C. testosteroni were capable of reducing nitrate, and intriguingly, nitrate reduction
significantly enhanced viability of the biofilm-cells and reduced
cell detachment from the biofilms. Nitrate respiration was further
shown to play an essential role in maintaining high cell viability
in the biofilms. RNA-seq analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction,
and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed a higher
level of bis(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate
(c-di-GMP) in cells respiring on nitrate than those grown aerobically
(1.3 × 10<sup>–4</sup> fmol/cell vs 7.9 × 10<sup>–6</sup> fmol/cell; <i>P</i> < 0.01). C-di-GMP
is one universal signaling molecule that regulates the biofilm mode
of life, and a higher c-di-GMP concentration reduces cell detachment
from biofilms. Taking these factors together, this study reveals that
nitrate reduction occurs in mature biofilms of C. testosteroni under bulk aerobic conditions, and the respiratory reduction of
nitrate is beneficial to the biofilm lifestyle by providing more metabolic
energy to maintain high viability and a higher level of c-di-GMP to
reduce cell detachment
Impact of Sublethal Levels of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Pyoverdine Production in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Environmental Implications
Although bactericidal activities
of nanomaterials against environmental
bacteria have been extensively studied, little is known about the
sublethal impacts of nanomaterials, which is a critical gap in our
comprehensive understanding of the impacts of nanomaterials on microbial
ecosystems. Using <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> as a model
organism, we report for the first time that a sublethal level of single-wall
carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (40 or 80 μg/mL) inhibited the production
of pyoverdine, an important metabolite that is involved in interactive
behavior of microbial communities. Transcriptional assay and quantitative
polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a decrease (up to 85%)
in the level of expression of genes involved in biosynthesis and transport
of pyoverdine in the presence of SWCNTs. Pyoverdine produced by certain
bacteria in environmental microbial communities can be exploited by
other bacteria in the local communities and has been implicated as
playing an important role in establishing intercellular interactions.
Our results of the inhibition of pyoverdine production in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> by SWCNTs at sublethal concentrations imply
an important sublethal impact of SWCNTs on cell–cell interactions
in microbial communities that often exist and play critical roles
in maintaining the health of ecosystems in various natural and engineered
environments
Optimal advertising/ordering policy and finance mode selection for a capital-constrained retailer with stochastic demand
<p>In this paper, we discuss how a capital-constrained retailer determines his optimal advertising/ordering policy and selects his financing mode when he faces the following modes: no financing service, bank financing, and supplier/mixed financing. For each mode, we construct an optimization model and present a method for how the retailer determines his corresponding optimal advertising and ordering policies in the terms of his initial capital level. Furthermore, we derive the conditions of retailer selecting the optimal financing mode based on both his initial capital level and the interest rates of the financing services. We show that when the retailer is relatively “poor,” he prefers bank financing mode if the bank interest rate is lower than the supplier, otherwise mixed financing mode; when he is moderately “rich,” he only selects supplier financing mode if the bank interest rate is greater than a threshold value and otherwise bank financing mode; however, when he is relatively “rich,” he always chooses bank financing mode even if the bank interest rate is higher than the supplier. We conduct numerical studies to illustrate the theoretical results and find adopting financing service significantly improves the retailer’s performance especially when he has relatively low initial capital level.</p
Additional file 5: of Comparative transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate effectors in two related rust species (Gymnosporangium yamadae and Gymnosporangium asiaticum)
Unigene functional annotation of G. yamadae and G. asiaticum. This file provides the unigene annotations based on seven databases: Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, SwissProt, GO and KEGG. (ZIP 77245Â kb
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