Brexit Ambassador series: the view from Turkey

If Britain chose to leave the European Union, it would not only have an effect inside the UK, but also on the rest of Europe. In the final month of the referendum campaign, we will be featuring comments from some of Europe’s Ambassadors to the UK on how they view a potential Brexit. Abdurrahman Bilgiç, the Turkish Ambassador, explains why his country hopes the UK remains within the EU

Passive solar desing strategies for buildings: A case study on improvement of an existing residential building's thermal performance by passive solar design tools

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2003Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 137-140)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxi, 140 leavesThis thesis investigates the potentials of the use of Passive Solar Design strategies in existing low-rise residential buildings in the context of energy-efficient building design. Among the ways of developing energy-efficient building design, there are mainly active and passive systems to consider and the thesis focuses on passive ones which require integration of architectural characteristics and energy-efficiency strategies, which can likely be cost-effective and thermally comfortable as a result of that integration.In order to achieve the objective of the study, a methodology has been developed. Fist a thorough literature survey is conducted. Then examples related to subject are investigated. Finally an existing residential building is selected and analysed as the case study. Current thermal performance and improved thermal performance of this building are analysed by the help of a software called Energy-10. Results of both original and improved projects are interpreted accordingly.In buildings, Passive Solar Design strategies can provide fundamental comfort conditions related to heating, cooling for thermal and natural lighting for visual comfort or help building.s conventional mechanical systems achieve these conditions requiring less amount of energy. Some of the Passive Solar Desgin strategies are seem in traditional architecture from harsh cold to hot humid climate, they have been in harmony with their environment and provide comfort conditions adjusting the outdoor climatic features by climatic design strategies and they are called as climate-responsive buildings. Solar orientation, solar apertures, thermal mass, solar chimneys, wind captures, lattice brise-soleils or mushrabiyas are the Passive Solar Design elements which have been used in traditional buildings, now abandoned, running by means of natural air currents.To achieve a low-energy building, thermal insulation ought to be considered as the main energy-efficiency feature. Turkish thermal insulation standarts .TS 825. is deficient for designing low-energy buildings and there is no regulations that make the designers feel the desire to utilize low-energy concepts for their designs. Besides, the building.s morphological organisation should be involved with respect to climatic and environmental data. One of the most important criterion in designing an energy-efficient building is incoprating properties of microclimate of the site that the building is to be placed. Using environmental (climatic, geographic, etc.) data well in building designs can lead to energy efficiency. Solar geometry, latitude, altitude, wind patterns, vegetation, hills and neighbor buildings are the determinants of microclimate of a site.The findings of the study indicate that with the energy-efficiency design strategies by passive solar components having the additional cost of about 9% of the total building cost, it is possible to save the total annual energy used in this specific residential building by 18%. There are three types of energy need for the space conditioning and visual comfort (i. e., heating, cooling and lighting), the maximum energy saving is achieved in heating energy use by 61% decrease, lighting energy use is also decreased by 40%. However, in cooling energy need, there is an increase of 34%. This amount is overshadowed by passive solar gains in other energy savings (i. e., heating and lighting) and when the cooling strategies of the building (i. e., natural ventilation and stack effect ventilation) are considered, the building might be said to perform well in terms of thermaly in annual operation

The Bundesbank: a model for the European Central Bank?

Ankara : Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University, 1995.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1995Includes bibliographical refences.As a common European institute of the monetary issue, the European Central Bank, will have to emerge as a new entity within the European Community. In particular, the bank will be the ultimate target of an European Monetary Union and seems to be so acknowledged by a clear majority of European Community governments. Starting from the creation of the Bundesbank, the thesis goes on with the situation of the Bundesbank in the European Monetary System and the European Monetary Union. Then the German economic, social and monetary union is covered. The European Central Bank's organization is analyzed and compared with that of the Bundesbank. The constitutions of both the European Central Bank and the Bundesbank spell out the principal objective as monetary policy. A future central bank for a common European currency will look much like the Bundesbank, following its model of Independence from government, and it has many similarities in administrative structure.Bilgiç, ErtungaM.S

POSTMODERN TECHNIQUE

Technology is a relation between human being and nature in general. The dialectical logic of technique is self-creative and alienating meanwhile. Nevertheless, postmodern technique of creativity has stuck in a vicious circle today by producing merely alienation. Creative thinking is a block itself against creativity. Our institutions with the discourses of philosophy, science and art are in the chamber of the vicious circle. This paper tries to give a clear and distinct definition of postmodern technique, and attempts to find a way out in an ontological discourse

The Comparison Of Effects Of Torrefaction And Carbonization Treatments On Biomass

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2014Dünyada fosil enerji kaynakları hızla tükenmektedir. Bu nedenle büyük bir potansiyele sahip olan biyokütle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Biyokütle kaynakları, tarımsal, ormanlar ve kentsel atıklar, enerji bitkileri ve biyolojik atıklar olmak üzere sınıflandırılabilir. Dünyada toplam kullanılan birincil enerjinin %10’u biyokütleden sağlanmaktadır. Biyokütle; her yerde kolayca bulunabilmesi, büyük bir potansiyele sahip olması, düşük kül içeriği, karbondioksit emisyonu açısından nötral bir yakıt olması gibi sebeplerden ötürü önemli bir yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı durumundadır. Ancak, biyokütlenin düşük ısıl değer, yüksek nem ve uçucu madde içerikleri, düşük yoğunluğu ve yüksek oksijen/karbon oranı nedeniyle kömür gibi fosil yakıtlara göre dezavantajları söz konusudur. Bu olumsuzlukları en aza indirmek amacıyla biyokütleye bir takım işlemler uygulanarak daha kaliteli yakıtların elde edilmesine çalışılmaktadır. Uygulanan yöntemler genellikle torrefaction, piroliz veya karbonizasyon gibi termal yöntemlerdir. Bu yöntemlerin uygulanması sonucunda biyokütlenin nem ve uçucu madde içerikleri azalmakta, oksijen/karbon oranı önemli ölçüde düşmekte ve ısıl değeri yükselmektedir.  Ülkemiz enerjide dışa bağımlı olup, kullanılmayan çok büyük bir biyokütle potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde yetiştirilen ayçekirdeği ve fındık kabuklarının atık biyokütle kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmesi planlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu biyokütlelerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin geliştirilerek yüksek kaliteli katı yakıt üretmektir. Bu amaçla, her bir biyokütle örneğine yatay boru fırında, azot gazı atmosferi altında 300 ºC’de torrefaction ve 600 ºC’de karbonizasyon işlemleri uygulandı. Bu deneyler azot atmosferi altında yapıldığı için biyokütlelerde termal bozunma meydana gelmektedir. Bu işlemler sonunda ele geçecek yarı koklar (char yapıları) işlem görmemiş biyokütle ile çeşitli açılardan karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulanan her iki termal işlemin biyokütle özelliklerinde meydana getireceği değişimler belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kısa analiz sonuçları (nem, uçucu madde, kül ve sabit karbon içerikleri), elementel analiz sonuçları (C, H, N, S, O), üst ısıl değeri, makromoleküler bileşen analizleri (holoselüloz, lignin, ekstraktifi giderilmiş madde), foksiyonel grup analizleri (FTIR tekniği ile), elektron mikroskop görüntüleri (SEM tekniği ile) ve mineralojik yapısı (XRD tekniği ile) dikkate alınarak, torrefaction ve karbonizasyon işlemlerinin, yakıtın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Partikül boyut analizleri yapılarak numunelerin fiziksel yapısına incelenmiştir. Uygulanan ısıl işlemlerin (torrefaksiyon ve karbonizasyon) yanma mekanizmaları üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla termal analiz sisteminde kuru hava ve saf oksijen ortamlarında yakma sonunda elde edilen olan TGA ve DTG profilleri kullanılarak kinetik çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.The sources of fossil fuels have been gradually consumed; therefore, biomass which has a great potential has been used as a renewable energy source in the world.  The biomass sources can be classified as agricultural, forestry, municipal solid waste, energy crops and biological waste. The total primary use of biomass energy was around 10% of total primary energy in the world. The biomass is an important renewable energy source due to the largest energy source in the world, having great potential, low ash content and zero CO2 effect. In contrast, biomass has some drawbacks compared to fossil fuels such as low calorific value and density, high moisture and volatile matter contents, high oxygen to carbon ratio. Some pretreatments are carried out to biomass to produce higher quality fuels by minimizing these undesirable properties. Performed treatments are generally thermal such as torrefaction, pyrolysis and carbonization. As a consequence of these treatments, there is a decrease in the moisture and volatile matter contents of biomass, a considerable fall in oxygen to carbon ratio and an increase in the calorific value of biomass.  Turkey depends on outside sources in spite of having a great unused biomass potential. In this study, sunflower seed shells and hazelnut shells in which grown our country were evaluated as a waste biomass source. The purpose of this study is improvement of their physical and chemical properties to produce higher quality solid fuels. From this point of view, each biomass sample was subjected to thermal decomposition in a horizontal tube furnace at 300 ºC and 600 ºC under nitrogen atmosphere to perform torrefaction and carbonization thermal treatments, respectively. The thermal decomposition of biomass was happened during these experiments due to the nitrogen atmosphere condition. After these treatments, produced biochars were compared with untreated biomass samples in different ways. The changes of biomass properties of interest were determined with regard to both of thermal treatments. In this study, the effects of torrefaction and carbonization treatments on physical and chemical characteristics of fuel were investigated with regard to proximate analysis (moisture, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon content), ultimate analysis (C, H, N, S, O), higher heating value, macromolecular component analysis (holocellulose, lignin and extractive-free substance), functional group analysis via FTIR technique, electron microscope images via SEM technique, mineralogical structure via XRD technique. In addition, particle size analysis was carried out to determine physical structures of samples. The effect of thermal treatments on the burning mechanism of torrefied and carbonized samples as compared with original samples.  From this point of view, the kinetic study was done with regard to TGA and DTG profiles which obtained from dry air and pure oxygen burning conditions in the thermal analysis system.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Fuzzy Recommendations in Marketing Campaigns

The population in Sweden is growing rapidly due to immigration. In this light, the issue of infrastructure upgrades to provide telecommunication services is of importance. New antennas can be installed at hot spots of user demand, which will require an investment, and/or the clientele expansion can be carried out in a planned manner to promote the exploitation of the infrastructure in the less loaded geographical zones. In this paper, we explore the second alternative. Informally speaking, the term Infrastructure-Stressing describes a user who stays in the zones of high demand, which are prone to produce service failures, if further loaded. We have studied the Infrastructure-Stressing population in the light of their correlation with geo-demographic segments. This is motivated by the fact that specific geo-demographic segments can be targeted via marketing campaigns. Fuzzy logic is applied to create an interface between big data, numeric methods for processing big data and a manager.Comment: conferenc

The Impact of Parental Psychiatric Symptoms and Parent-Child Relationships on Behavioural and Emotional Problems in Newly- Diagnosed Toddlers and Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Background: Emotional and behavioural problems occur at a high rate in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These problems are associated with a broad range of risk factors such as parental psychopathology and family environment in school-age children and adolescents. However, limited information is available about these phenomena in toddlers and preschool children. This cross-sectional study examined the association of maternal and paternal psychiatric symptoms and mother-child relationships with emotional and behavioural problems and socioemotional competence of newly-diagnosed young children with ASD.Method: Autistic symptoms, developmental level, and mother-child relationship of children were evaluated. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on their own mental health.Results: Participants were 35 children with ASD aged 18 – 53 months, referred to an infant mental health clinic. Maternal hostility and poor mother-child relationships have been found to be independently associated with emotional and behaviour problems in these children.Conclusions: This study suggests that maternal hostility and mother-child relationship problems may play a role for the development of emotional and behaviour problems in toddlers and preschool children with ASD

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Peer Education on Smoking Behaviour

Smoking is the most important cause of disability, death and preventable illness in Turkey and all over the world. Cigarette smoking affects a large part of society with increasing frequency and is propagated among young people. Therefore, the tobacco industry targets youth, adolescents and women. Decreasing the age of smoking cigarettes causes exposure of the cigarettes effects to the smokers for a longer period. Adolescents start smoking due primarily to a desire to imitate adults, peer pressure, affectation and easy access to cigarettes. A great impact on the behaviour of human beings is the adolescent peer group. This effect is valid for both risky and safe behaviours. Peer education aims to use positive peer influence on their behaviour since peers are positive models for each other. In recent years, the increase in tobacco consumption has led to increased need for per education. The purpose of this article is to explain how to use peer education in changing the behaviour of adolescent smoking

Evaluation of dietary magnesium intake and Its association with depression, anxiety and eating behaviors?

Research problem/Aim: Magnesium is an essential mineral for the organism. Magnesium which is necessary for the ability of more than three hundred enzymes to function found to be associated with many diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the intake of dietary Magnesium in university students and to define its relationship with depressive symptoms, anxiety and eating behaviors. Method: This study included 386 university students who were not diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder and were not using magnesium-containing nutritional supplements. A questionnaire of 6 sections including the general characteristics of participants like age, smoking, income status, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, 24-hour retrospective food consumption form, physical activity record form and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were applied face to face and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS IBM© version 23. Findings: The average magnesium intake of participants in inadequate Mg intake group was 175,5±47,6 mg/day, and 353,4±107,23 mg/day in adequate Mg group. Dietary Mg intake was evaluated according to Turkey Food and Nutrition Guide. It was determined that Mg intake of inadequate Mg group were met only 48,2±12,09% of the requirement. The factors such as smoking, BMI and fiber intake were found different into groups (p <0.05). It was concluded that inadequate Mg intake was not a risk factor for depression (OR: 1.035, 95% CI: 0,543-1,975, p = 0.916).  Anxiety, restricting eating and emotional behaviors had no relationship with dietary Mg intake (p>0.05), but external eating behavior scores was found to be related with Mg intake (r=0,110; p<0,05). Conclusions: According to this research, there is no relationship between adequate Mg intake and depression, anxiety and eating behaviors but further research is needed. [Abstract Text must be 12pt, Garamond, adjusted, single line space, at least 150 words. Proper translate from local language on the right column. If the study is a field research, all parts (see header-C below) of work must be mentioned here in abstract section

Sinan the Architect’s Process of Creating Spatial Typology: Octagonal Based Central Domes

The article explores the process of central planning development and dome-bearing systems analysis in mosques belonging to Classical Ottoman Architecture, focusing on the typological plan variations found in Sinan the Architect’s octagonal-based central domes. It is aimed to determine the spatial typology of these octagonal based central domes, as they play a crucial role in creating a central space in mosques. The typology studies focused on the load-bearing systems in central dome designs of eighteen surviving mosques designed by Sinan the Architect. The study method involves scanning scientific publications, state archives, and photographing mosques. Mosques ground floor plans, including their dome projections and sectional drawings, have been examined. Gathering all the data from analysing the transfer of the dome load enabled a categorisation of eighteen mosques that can be classified into two primary groups and three sub-groups within each group