The affective extension of ‘Family’ in the context of changing elite business networks

Drawing on 49 oral-history interviews with Scottish family business owner-managers, six key-informant interviews, and secondary sources, this interdisciplinary study analyses the decline of kinship-based connections and the emergence of new kinds of elite networks around the 1980s. As the socioeconomic context changed rapidly during this time, cooperation built primarily around literal family ties could not survive unaltered. Instead of finding unity through bio-legal family connections, elite networks now came to redefine their ‘family businesses’ in terms of affectively loaded ‘family values’ such as loyalty, care, commitment, and even ‘love’. Consciously nurturing ‘as-if-family’ emotional and ethical connections arose as a psychologically effective way to bring together network members who did not necessarily share pre-existing connections of bio-legal kinship. The social-psychological processes involved in this extension of the ‘family’ can be understood using theories of the moral sentiments first developed in the Scottish Enlightenment. These theories suggest that, when the context is amenable, family-like emotional bonds can be extended via sympathy to those to whom one is not literally related. As a result of this ‘progress of sentiments’, one now earns his/her place in a Scottish family business, not by inheriting or marrying into it, but by performing family-like behaviours motivated by shared ethics and affects

Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Disiplin Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika (Eksperimentasi terhadap Siswa Kelas XI SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta Semester I Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika, (2) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh disiplin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika, (3) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi dan disiplin belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta yang berjumlah 166 siswa. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 116 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode angket dan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier, yang sebelumnya menggunakan uji prasyarat analisis yang menggunakan metode lilliefors untuk uji normalitas, uji linieritas, uji independensi, dan uji keberartian. Dari hasil analisis data dengan taraf signifikasi 5% diperoleh bahwa: (1) motivasi secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar matematika, (2) disiplin belajar secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar matematika, (3) motivasi dan disiplin belajar secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Persentase sumbangan yang diberikan oleh motivasi dan disiplin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika adalah sebesar 2,7%. Sumbangan efektif yang diberikan dari masing-masing variabel bebas yaitu motivasi dan displin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika adalah sebesar 0,7% dan 2,0

IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN GAS RADON DALAM TANAH DI KAWASAN PADAT PENDUDUK PERUMAHAN RINDAM IM MATA IE, ACEH BESAR

Banda Ace

RELATIVE COMPETITIVE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE IN TRADE DYNAMICS

In the era and process of free trade globalisation the classical and neo-classical theories of comparative and competitive advantages have become short-termed because of new actors and devices in the modern techno-economic advancement. Hence, a new approach seems necessary, respectively the one of relative advantages that are related to economies of scale and marketability, as today, the macroeconomic concept is the concept of Multinational or Transnational, and no longer a national one. At the same time, the micro-concept may be used as concept of an entire international economic sector or branch. Due to these new developments the relative advantages approach focuses more on cost-reduction functions of commodities and services and it plays an important role in both theoretical and practical investigation. The examples presented in the paper are built on three competing Asian countries: China, South Korea and post-emerged Japan

Regional economic performance and the differential prevalence of corporate and family business

Previous studies have largely examined interregional variations of SME rather than family firm concentrations. This paper addresses this gap through an analysis of firm type indicators across Europe from the Eurostat Data Base, using social, economic and demographic statistics at the NUTS 2 regional level to ascertain the nature, prevalence and regional contexts of family firm concentrations. Hierarchical clustering is performed to map the regional distribution of European family business. Results show that the co-existence of family SMEs with large firms is negatively related to regional economic performance, and this variation has implications for our understanding of the survival and strategic behaviour of family firms. The study promotes a new family business ‘in context’ than ‘by context’ point of view and paves the way for further empirical work with interregional family business data at various spatial levels

Family business as a longstanding hybrid organisation: Logic revision as a strategy for maintenance

Hybrid organisations, organisational forms that combine multiple institutional logics, have recently attracted substantial scholarly attention. Ongoing maintenance of hybridity has been identified as a key challenge for hybrid organisations. This paper puts forward family businesses that integrate family and business logics as the world’s oldest and the most pervasive form of hybrid organisation, and explores their organisational maintenance strategies for sustaining such hybridity. Based on an oral history study of longstanding family businesses in Scotland, we propose ‘logic revision’, i.e. a socially constructed and evolving reinterpretation of logics, as another strategy for organisational maintenance in the hybrid organisational context. As opposed to the known strategies of decoupling, compromising, structural separation and selective coupling that rely on the deterministic properties of institutional logics, this strategy draws on their socially constructed nature

Management of Powdery Mildew on Ninebark Using Sanitizers, Biorational Products, and Fungicides

Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) is a popular ornamental shrub and considered a hardy and tough plant that can thrive in different environmental conditions and resist diseases. However, powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera physocarpi, can severelyaffect ninebark, deteriorating the ornamental value and making them unmarketable. Only a few studies have been done in managing powdery mildew of ninebark. The current study focuses on evaluating and identifying effective products (sanitizers, biorational products, and fungicides) for the management of powdery mildew disease of ninebark. A total of 12 treatments, including nontreated control, were studied. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four-single ‘Mindia Coppertina®’ ninebark plant per treatment and repeated twice. Powdery mildew disease severity, growth parameters, and phytotoxicity were assessed in the study. All treatments significantly reduced the powdery mildew disease severity and disease progress [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] compared with the nontreated control. The treatments, such as azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr at 0.17 and 0.23 g·L–1 total active ingredients (a.i.) applied, chlorothalonil + propiconazole at 1.12 mL·L–1 total a.i. applied, azoxystrobin + tebuconazole at 0.11 and 0.16 g·L–1 total a.i. applied, and giant knotweed extract [Reynoutria sachalinensis (0.5 mL·L–1 total a.i. applied)] were the most effective treatments in reducing disease severity and disease progress in both trials. The treatments had no significant effects on the plant growth parameters such as height and width. In Expt. 2, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr and hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid treated plants showed the low level of phytotoxic symptoms. The phytotoxicity of these two treatments in Expt. 2 could be related to higher environmental temperature during the experimental period

Identification of Fusarium commune, the Causal Agent of Postharvest Zinnia Meltdown Disease in Tennessee

The cut flower growers of the eastern and southern United States are threatened with postharvest meltdown of zinnia (Zinnia elegans), which reduces yield and income as well as limiting opportunities for production expansion. Disease symptoms such as bending of the stem just below the flower were visually apparent on zinnia cut flowers. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent related to zinnia meltdown. A total of 20 symptomatic zinnia cut flower stems were collected from Tennessee. Several Fusarium-like colonies with micro and macroconidia were isolated from the base and bend area of stems on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Fusarium-selective media. Morphological characterization, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of three representative isolates, FBG2020_198, FBG2020_199, and FBG2020_201, were conducted to confirm pathogen identification. The sequence identity of the isolates was \u3e99% identical to Fusarium commune, and a combined phylogenetic tree grouped the isolates with the clade of F. commune from different host and geographical locations. To accomplish Koch’s postulates, a pathogenicity test was performed on ‘Benary’s Giant Golden Yellow’, ‘Benary’s Giant Lime’, and ‘Benary’s Giant Pink’ zinnia plants at vegetative (2 weeks after transplantation) or flower bud stage (1 month after transplantation) by drench, stem injection, and foliar spray of conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/mL). Similar symptoms of meltdown (floral axis bending just below the flower) were observed on inoculated zinnia cultivars 2 days after harvesting. Fusarium commune was re-isolated from the infected flower stems of all three cultivars but not from the noninoculated zinnia flower stems. Zinnia stem colonization by F. commune was statistically similar in all three tested cultivars regardless of plant growth stage and method of inoculation. This study confirms F. commune as being the causal agent of postharvest zinnia flower meltdown issue in Tennessee. In the future, possible sources of pathogen will be screened, and disease management recommendations will be developed