17 research outputs found
RĂ©sistance de la Tique Invasive Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus Ă la Nouvelle Gamme dâAcaricides DistribuĂ©s en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Ce travail avait pour objectif dâamĂ©liorer la lutte contre la tique Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en CĂŽte dâIvoire en apportant une assistance aux Ă©leveurs dans le choix des acaricides qui leur sont proposĂ©s. Pour ce faire, il a Ă©tĂ© question de rĂ©pertorier les spĂ©cialitĂ©s dâacaricides distribuĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire pour le dĂ©tiquage des bovins et par la suite, Ă©valuer le niveau de rĂ©sistance-sensibilitĂ© des tiques R. (B.) microplus Ă ces acaricides dans les Ă©levages pĂ©ri-urbains de bovins au sud de la CĂŽte dâIvoire, prĂ©cisĂ©ment dans la zone dâAzaguiĂ© oĂč la tique exotique R. (B.) microplus a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couverte pour la premiĂšre fois en Afrique de lâOuest. Il ressort de lâĂ©tude que six (6) molĂ©cules acaricides sont officiellement distribuĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire (AlphacypermĂ©thrine, CypermĂ©thrine, Amitraz, FlumĂ©thrine, DeltamĂ©thrine et Fipronil) sous diverses appellations commerciales. Face aux Ă©checs thĂ©rapeutiques recurents et aux plaintes des Ă©leveurs, une nouvelle gamme dâacaricides est actuellement proposĂ©e aux Ă©leveurs. Elle est essentiellement constituĂ©e de produits Ă base de flumĂ©thrine, de fipronil, de deltamĂ©thrine ou de cypermĂ©thrine associĂ©e au chlorpyriphos, au butoxide de pipĂ©ronyl et Ă la citronnelle. La mĂ©thode de rĂ©fĂ©rence LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardisĂ©e par la FAO a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le niveau de rĂ©sistance de cette tique invasive R. (B.) microplus Ă trois (3) molĂ©cules acaricides de cette gamme Ă savoir la deltamĂ©thrine, la flumĂ©thrine et la nouvelle spĂ©cialitĂ© de molĂ©cules associĂ©es (cypermĂ©thrine-chlorpyriphos-citronnelle-butoxide de pipĂ©ronyl). Une variation du niveau de rĂ©sistance a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ©e dâun acaricide Ă lâautre vis-Ă -vis des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus testĂ©es. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© une rĂ©sistance des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus Ă la deltamĂ©thrine et Ă la flumĂ©thrine. Quant Ă la nouvelle spĂ©cialitĂ© de molĂ©cules associĂ©es, elle a prĂ©sentĂ© un niveau de sensibilitĂ© acceptable exprimĂ© par les populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus.
This work aimed to improve the fight against the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in CÎte d'Ivoire by providing assistance to breeders in the choice of acaricides marketed. To do this, the acaricides distributed in CÎte d'Ivoire for cattle treatment was inventoried and then, the level of resistance- susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus to these acaricides was estimated in peri-urban cattle farms in southern CÎte d'Ivoire, precisely in the area of Azaguié where the exotic tick R. (B.) microplus was discovered for the first time in West Africa. It appears from the study that six (6) acaricidal molecules are officially distributed in CÎte d'Ivoire (Alphacypermethrin, Cypermethrin, Amitraz, Flumethrin, Deltamethrin and Fipronil) under various trade names. Faced with recurrent treatment failures and complaints from breeders, a new range of acaricides is currently being offered to breeders. It essentially consists of products based on flumethrin, fipronil, deltamethrin or cypermethrin associated with chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxid and citronella. The reference method LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardized by the FAO was used to estimate the level of resistance of the invasive tick R. (B.) microplus to three (3) acaricides, namely deltamethrin, flumethrin and the new product of associated acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid- citronella).
A variation of the resistance of R. (B.) microplus has been reported from one acaricide to another. The study showed a resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to deltamethrin and flumethrin. However, an acceptable level of susceptibility expressed by the population ticks of R. (B.) microplus to the association of acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid-citronella) was reported
RĂ©sistance de la Tique Invasive Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus Ă la Nouvelle Gamme dâAcaricides DistribuĂ©s en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Ce travail avait pour objectif dâamĂ©liorer la lutte contre la tique Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en CĂŽte dâIvoire en apportant une assistance aux Ă©leveurs dans le choix des acaricides qui leur sont proposĂ©s. Pour ce faire, il a Ă©tĂ© question de rĂ©pertorier les spĂ©cialitĂ©s dâacaricides distribuĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire pour le dĂ©tiquage des bovins et par la suite, Ă©valuer le niveau de rĂ©sistance-sensibilitĂ© des tiques R. (B.) microplus Ă ces acaricides dans les Ă©levages pĂ©ri-urbains de bovins au sud de la CĂŽte dâIvoire, prĂ©cisĂ©ment dans la zone dâAzaguiĂ© oĂč la tique exotique R. (B.) microplus a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couverte pour la premiĂšre fois en Afrique de lâOuest. Il ressort de lâĂ©tude que six (6) molĂ©cules acaricides sont officiellement distribuĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire (AlphacypermĂ©thrine, CypermĂ©thrine, Amitraz, FlumĂ©thrine, DeltamĂ©thrine et Fipronil) sous diverses appellations commerciales. Face aux Ă©checs thĂ©rapeutiques recurents et aux plaintes des Ă©leveurs, une nouvelle gamme dâacaricides est actuellement proposĂ©e aux Ă©leveurs. Elle est essentiellement constituĂ©e de produits Ă base de flumĂ©thrine, de fipronil, de deltamĂ©thrine ou de cypermĂ©thrine associĂ©e au chlorpyriphos, au butoxide de pipĂ©ronyl et Ă la citronnelle. La mĂ©thode de rĂ©fĂ©rence LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardisĂ©e par la FAO a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le niveau de rĂ©sistance de cette tique invasive R. (B.) microplus Ă trois (3) molĂ©cules acaricides de cette gamme Ă savoir la deltamĂ©thrine, la flumĂ©thrine et la nouvelle spĂ©cialitĂ© de molĂ©cules associĂ©es (cypermĂ©thrine-chlorpyriphos-citronnelle-butoxide de pipĂ©ronyl). Une variation du niveau de rĂ©sistance a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ©e dâun acaricide Ă lâautre vis-Ă -vis des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus testĂ©es. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© une rĂ©sistance des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus Ă la deltamĂ©thrine et Ă la flumĂ©thrine. Quant Ă la nouvelle spĂ©cialitĂ© de molĂ©cules associĂ©es, elle a prĂ©sentĂ© un niveau de sensibilitĂ© acceptable exprimĂ© par les populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus.
This work aimed to improve the fight against the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in CÎte d'Ivoire by providing assistance to breeders in the choice of acaricides marketed. To do this, the acaricides distributed in CÎte d'Ivoire for cattle treatment was inventoried and then, the level of resistance- susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus to these acaricides was estimated in peri-urban cattle farms in southern CÎte d'Ivoire, precisely in the area of Azaguié where the exotic tick R. (B.) microplus was discovered for the first time in West Africa. It appears from the study that six (6) acaricidal molecules are officially distributed in CÎte d'Ivoire (Alphacypermethrin, Cypermethrin, Amitraz, Flumethrin, Deltamethrin and Fipronil) under various trade names. Faced with recurrent treatment failures and complaints from breeders, a new range of acaricides is currently being offered to breeders. It essentially consists of products based on flumethrin, fipronil, deltamethrin or cypermethrin associated with chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxid and citronella. The reference method LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardized by the FAO was used to estimate the level of resistance of the invasive tick R. (B.) microplus to three (3) acaricides, namely deltamethrin, flumethrin and the new product of associated acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid- citronella).
A variation of the resistance of R. (B.) microplus has been reported from one acaricide to another. The study showed a resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to deltamethrin and flumethrin. However, an acceptable level of susceptibility expressed by the population ticks of R. (B.) microplus to the association of acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid-citronella) was reported
Cattle ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens in Burkina Faso and Benin: Apparent northern spread of Rhipicephalus microplus in Benin and first evidence of Theileria velifera and Theileria annulata
peer reviewedBabesiosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, and heartwater are tick-borne diseases that threaten livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa including Burkina Faso and Benin. For over a decade, these two bordering countries have been facing an invasion of the livestock by the tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a major vector for babesiosis, accidentally introduced in Benin in 2004. The molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in this border area is of particular interest due to animals seasonal migration between the two countries. In this survey, epidemiological features of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle were investigated to compare the eastern Burkina Faso, corresponding to a seasonal migration departure zone, and the northern Benin, which represents a seasonal migration arrival zone. Ticks and peripheral blood were collected from a total of 946 cattle in the two areas. Ticks were morphologically identified and the DNA samples from bovine blood and ticks were analysed by Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization process. A total of 2856 ticks were collected on 490 cattle in Burkina Faso, eight tick species were identified, while 3583 ticks were collected on 456 cattle in North Benin with nine tick species identified. The invasive tick, R. microplus was not found in eastern Burkina Faso, but its spread farthest north in Benin is reported. Six tick-borne pathogen species were found in cattle blood both in eastern Burkina Faso and in northern Benin. Ranked in decreasing order of overall prevalences, they are: Theileria mutans (91.1%), Theileria velifera (77.8%), Babesia bigemina (10.9%), Anaplasma marginale (4.2%), Babesia bovis (3.3%), and Theileria annulata (1.8%). To the best of our knowledge, this survey represents the first report of T. velifera and T. annulata in the region. Overall, the TBP prevalences were significantly higher in northern Benin than in eastern Burkina Faso, indicating a higher parasitological risk in this area. © 2021 Elsevier Gmb
Cross border transhumance involvement in ticks and tick-borne pathogens dissemination and first evidence of Anaplasma centrale in Burkina Faso
In West Africa, cross-border transhumance, also called seasonal migration, is known to be a very important animal production strategy, as it involves about 70 to 90% of cattle. In spite of the cattle movements, some strategic areas of transhumance remain poorly explored regarding ticks and their associated pathogens investigations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the involvement of transhumance in the spread of cattle ticks and associated pathogens in Burkina Faso (BF) and Benin (BN), in a context of speedy invasion of West African livestock by Rhipicephalus microplus. A longitudinal survey was performed on 210 cattle from BF, monitored for ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) during one seasonal transhumance. The first sampling coded âT0BFâ took place in eastern BF, at the transhumance departure. A second sampling âT1BNâ was carried out in northern BN, the transhumance arrival zone. A third sampling âT2BFâ was done at the return of cattle in eastern BF. Ticks were morphologically identified and TBP detected with reverse line blot hybridization (RLB) assay. A total of 1027 ticks (7 species), 1006 ticks (11 species) and 1211 ticks (9 species) were respectively found at T0BF, T1BN and T2BF. Some species were collected at the three times of sampling without any significant difference in their relative abundances. However, other tick species appeared only at T1BN and/or T2BF. The TBP species found at the three points surveyed were Theileria annulata, Theileria mutans, Theileria velifera, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. The most prevalent was T. mutans with 166/210 (79%), 159/210 (75.7%) and 78/210 (37%) cattle positive respectively at T0BF, T1BN and T2BF. Anaplasma centrale was evidenced with 0.5% and 0.9% respectively at T0BF and T2BF. To our knowledge, this represents its first report in the study area. Overall, the TBP prevalences were significantly lower at T2BF, highlighting the effect of tick populations changes induced by transhumance combined with the seasonal variation influence. © 202
Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso
Alarming spread of the Asian cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa-another three countries are affected: Burkina Faso, Mali and Togo
Efficacy of two commercial synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus strains of the south-western region of Burkina Faso
Since 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmerâs reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF. © 2021, The Author(s)
The potential of Rhipicephalus microplus as a vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium in West Africa
Heartwater, or cowdriosis, is a virulent tick-borne rickettsial disease of ruminants caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, biologically transmitted by Amblyomma species (A. variegatum in West Africa). In West Africa, this bacterium was recently reported to naturally infect the invasive cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm) through trans-ovarian transmission from replete adult females to offspring. A âsheep-tick-sheepâ cycle was set up to determine whether feeding the progeny of these ticks on naĂŻve sheep could lead to infection, and to compare clinical outcomes resulting from this transmission with those observed following infection by the natural A. variegatum (Av) vector. Using local strains of ticks (KIMINI-Rm and KIMINI-Av) and of E. ruminantium (BK242), we recorded, using the PCR technique, the presence of bacterial DNA in ticks (larvae for Av and females for Rm) engorged on sheep inoculated by BK242-infected blood. The bacterial DNA was also detected in the next stages of the lifecycle of R. microplus (eggs and larvae), and in sheep infested either by those R. microplus larvae or by A. variegatum nymphs moulted from larvae engorged on blood-inoculated sheep. Bacterial infection in these sheep was demonstrated by detecting antibodies to E. ruminantium using the MAP1-B ELISA and by isolation of the bacterium on cell culture from blood. The sequences of PCS20 gene detected in ticks and sheep were identical to that of the BK242 strain. Our results confirm that R. microplus can acquire and transmit E. ruminantium to the next stage. However, this transmission resulted in a mild subclinical disease whereas severe clinical disease was observed in sheep infested by A. variegatum infected nymphs, suggesting differences in the tick/bacteria relationship. Future studies will focus on replicating these findings with ticks of different isolates and life stages to determine if R. microplus is playing a role in the epidemiology of heartwater in West Africa. Additionally, studies will investigate whether sheep that are seropositive due to infestation by E. ruminantium-infected R. microplus are subsequently protected against heartwater. Such data will add to our understanding of the possible impact of R. microplus in areas where it has become recently established
Molecular Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus in West Africa: Is Lineage IV Replacing Lineage II in Burkina Faso?
This study aimed at investigating the genetic lineages of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) currently circulating in Burkina Faso. As part of PPR surveillance in 2021 and 2022, suspected outbreaks in different regions were investigated. A risk map was produced to determine high-risk areas for PPR transmission. Based on alerts, samples were obtained from three regions and all sampled localities were confirmed to fall within PPR high risk areas. We collected swab samples from the eyes, mouth, and nose of sick goats. Some tissue samples were also collected from dead animals suspected to be infected by PPRV. In total, samples from 28 goats were analysed. Virus confirmation was performed with RT-PCR amplification targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Partial N gene sequencing (350 bp) was carried out using the RT-PCR products of positives samples to characterise the circulating lineages. Eleven sequences, including ten new sequences, have been obtained. Our study identified the presence of the PPRV lineage IV in the three studied regions in Burkina Faso with a genetic heterogeneity recorded for the sequences analysed. Previously published data and results of this study suggest that PPRV lineage IV seems to be replacing lineage II in Burkina Faso