Convergencia y determinantes del crecimiento en las provincias argentinas

En el siguiente trabajo se busca determinar si existió en las provincias argentinas un fenómeno de convergencia en las tasas de crecimiento para el período 1993-2006. Además, se completa el análisis con los determinantes que contribuyeron al crecimiento de las mismas en este período. Determinar si existió o no convergencia en las provincias argentinas es un dato de suma utilidad y relevancia social, ya que permite evaluar el desempeño de las distintas políticas públicas aplicadas en los últimos años para cumplir con el objetivo de acercar los niveles de renta per cápita de las regiones más pobres a las más ricas. Comprobar que efectivamente las provincias pobres crecieron más que las ricas, implica que tuvieron éxito políticas nacionales como la promoción industrial, las transferencias fiscales o el sistema de coparticipación federal, entre otras. Conocer los determinantes del crecimiento también es relevante, sobre todo para encarar políticas, ya sea desde el sector público como del privado, para acelerar el proceso de acumulación de bienes y servicios, obviando o corrigiendo los factores que no lograron los resultados esperados y perfeccionando los que generaron efectos positivos. Se analiza los tipos de convergencia más comúnmente citados: la β- convergencia y la σ- convergencia.Fil: Bignone, Franco

Convergencia económica en los departamentos de Mendoza

This article looks at the evidence of economic convergence across Mendoza departments from 1996 to 2012. The evolution of regional inequality is analyzed through disparity and dispersion indices and growth gaps. No evidence of territorial convergence has been found. The estimated β coefficient is positive and statistically not significant; Williamson’s coefficient, σ convergence and growth gaps show a slight inequality increase, particularly during booms. Similarly, no evidence of a positive relation between agricultural specialization and growth has been found. In fact, our results suggest that the agricultural territories, i. e. , the comparatively less-developed ones, do not exhibit an improvement in their relative position, despite the favorable international context.En este trabajo se analiza la convergencia económica de los departamentos de Mendoza durante el período 1996 a 2012. Se examina la evolución de las desigualdades territoriales mediante indicadores de disparidad, dispersión y brechas de crecimiento. No se encuentran evidencias de un proceso de convergencia territorial. El coeficiente β estimado resulta positivo y estadísticamente no significativo; el Coeficiente de Williamson, σ-convergencia y brechas de crecimiento revelan un leve aumento de la desigualdad, especialmente durante períodos de auge. Tampoco se encontró evidencia de relación positiva entre crecimiento y especialización agropecuaria. La inserción internacional del sector agroindustrial no contribuyó a mejorar significativamente la situación de los territorios fuertemente agropecuarios, los de menor desarrollo relativo provincial

Non-parametric morphologies of mergers in the Illustris simulation

Indexación: Web of Science; ScopusWe study non-parametric morphologies of mergers events in a cosmological context, using the Illustris project. We produce mock g-band images comparable to observational surveys from the publicly available Illustris simulation idealized mock images at z = 0. We then measure non-parametric indicators: asymmetry, Gini, M-20, clumpiness, and concentration for a set of galaxies with M-* > 10(10) M circle dot. We correlate these automatic statistics with the recent merger history of galaxies and with the presence of close companions. Our main contribution is to assess in a cosmological framework, the empirically derived non-parametric demarcation line and average time- scales used to determine the merger rate observationally. We found that 98 per cent of galaxies above the demarcation line have a close companion or have experienced a recent merger event. On average, merger signatures obtained from the G-M-20 criterion anti- correlate clearly with the elapsing time to the last merger event. We also find that the asymmetry correlates with galaxy pair separation and relative velocity, exhibiting the larger enhancements for those systems with pair separations d < 50 h(-1) kpc and relative velocities V < 350 km s(-1). We find that the G-M-20 is most sensitive to recent mergers (similar to 0.14 Gyr) and to ongoing mergers with stellar mass ratios greater than 0.1. For this indicator, we compute a merger average observability time-scale of similar to 0.2 Gyr, in agreement with previous results and demonstrate that the morphologically derived merger rate recovers the intrinsic total merger rate of the simulation and the merger rate as a function of stellar mass.https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stw278

The birthplace and age of the isolated neutron star RX J1856.5-3754

X-ray observations unveiled various types of radio-silent Isolated Neutron Stars (INSs), phenomenologically very diverse, e.g. the Myr old X-ray Dim INS (XDINSs) and the kyr old magnetars. Although their phenomenology is much diverse, the similar periods (P=2--10 s) and magnetic fields (~10^{14} G) suggest that XDINSs are evolved magnetars, possibly born from similar populations of supermassive stars. One way to test this hypothesis is to identify their parental star clusters by extrapolating backward the neutron star velocity vector in the Galactic potential. By using the information on the age and space velocity of the XDINS RX J1856.5-3754, we computed backwards its orbit in the Galactic potential and searched for its parental stellar cluster by means of a closest approach criterion. We found a very likely association with the Upper Scorpius OB association, for a neutron star age of 0.42+/-0.08 Myr, a radial velocity V_r^NS =67+/- 13$ km s^{-1}, and a present-time parallactic distance d_\pi^NS = 123^{+11}_{-15} pc. Our result confirms that the "true" neutron star age is much lower than the spin-down age (tau_{sd}=3.8 Myrs), and is in good agreement with the cooling age, as computed within standard cooling scenarios. The mismatch between the spin-down and the dynamical/cooling age would require either an anomalously large breaking index (n~20) or a decaying magnetic field with initial value B_0 ~ 10^{14} G. Unfortunately, owing to the uncertainty on the age of the Upper Scorpius OB association and the masses of its members we cannot yet draw firm conclusions on the estimated mass of the RX J1856.5-3754 progenitor.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication on Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Coupled Maps with Growth and Death: An Approach to Cell Differentiation

An extension of coupled maps is given which allows for the growth of the number of elements, and is inspired by the cell differentiation problem. The growth of elements is made possible first by clustering the phases, and then by differentiating roles. The former leads to the time sharing of resources, while the latter leads to the separation of roles for the growth. The mechanism of the differentiation of elements is studied. An extension to a model with several internal phase variables is given, which shows differentiation of internal states. The relevance of interacting dynamics with internal states (``intra-inter" dynamics) to biological problems is discussed with an emphasis on heterogeneity by clustering, macroscopic robustness by partial synchronization and recursivity with the selection of initial conditions and digitalization.Comment: LatexText,figures are not included. submitted to PhysicaD (1995,revised 1996 May

Social representations of help: Perceptions of vulnerable populations being helped

The aim of this study, conducted through the Social Representation Theory (Moscovici, 1976) lenses, was to investigate the perceptions of help recipients, so, to understand the shared representations on Help itself and on the Helping Institutions, the self-perceptions as aid recipients and the perceptions about the potential Social Status Distance with regard to the their helpers. Participants were twenty-five people between 18 and 70-years-old members of vulnerable groups that benefited from help programs offered by Non-Profit Institutions/Organizations. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews, a methodology commonly used in Social Representation Theory (Moscovici, 1976) and in the structural approach to it (Abric, 1984; Vergès, 1994). Eight-hundred free evocations and 149 words were produced, all the data were analyzed with open-EVOC software (2000), a software designed for Social Representations data analysis. Results showed, differently from the literature on autonomy and dependency orientations to help (Nadler, 1997; 1998; 2002; 2015), the importance, at different levels, of both orientations. This study showed the importance, for the recipients of help, of being protagonists, active and autonomous in the process of improving their psychological and material resources, but also the importance of enjoying material goods, even if it means depending on the institution. Results were discussed as a potential contribute to the design of help programs that might provide greater benefits and well-being to help recipients.O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as percepções dos destinatários de ajuda através da Teoria das Representações Sociais (Moscovici, 1976) para compreender as representações compartilhadas acerca da própria Ajuda e das Instituições prestadoras de ajuda, as autopercepções como destinatários de ajuda e as percepções sobre a potencial distância de estatuto social em relação aos seus ajudantes. Participaram 25 pessoas, entre os 18 e os 70 anos, membros de grupos vulneráveis que beneficiaram de programas de ajuda oferecidos por instituições / organizações sem fins lucrativos. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, metodologia comumente utilizada na Teoria das Representações Sociais (Moscovici, 1976) e na abordagem estrutural (Abric, 1984; Vergès, 1994). Foram produzidas 800 evocações livres e 149 palavras, tendo todos os dados sido analisados através do software open-EVOC (2000), um software projetado para a análise de dados de representações sociais. Verificou-se, diferentemente do adiantado pela literatura sobre a ajuda orientada para a autonomia ou para a dependência (Nadler, 1997; 1998; 2002; 2015), a importância, em diferentes níveis, de ambas as orientações. Este estudo mostrou a importância, para os destinatários da ajuda, de serem protagonistas ativos e autónomos no processo de melhoria dos seus recursos psicológicos e materiais, mas também a importância de desfrutar de bens materiais, mesmo que tal represente uma dependência da instituição. Os resultados são discutidos como uma potencial contribuição para projetar programas de ajuda que possam proporcionar maiores vantagens e bem-estar aos destinatários de ajuda

Convergencia y determinantes del crecimiento en las provincias argentinas

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si existió en las provincias argentinas un fenómeno de convergencia en las tasas de crecimiento para el período 1993-2006. Adicionalmente, se completa el análisis con los determinantes que contribuyeron al crecimiento de las mismas en este período, de manera de identificar las causas de por qué sí o por qué no se da tal proceso de convergencia en las provincias de nuestro país. A partir del análisis de los datos de Producto Bruto Geográfico, se pudo determinar que ésta no ocurrió, ni en sentido β, ni σ. En cuanto a la primera definición, el resultado implica que las provincias más pobres no crecieron más que las provincias ricas, ni tampoco menos, ya que no se observó en los datos una tendencia definida, ya sea de signo positivo o negativo. Es decir, si bien se puede afirmar que no hubo β-convergencia en el período 1993-2006, tampoco ocurrió β-divergencia. En cuanto a la segunda definición utilizada, resultó muy notorio el aumento de la dispersión a lo largo del período analizado. En este sentido, si bien no se puede afirmar que las regiones más ricas crecieron menos que las pobres, o viceversa, sí existió una tendencia definida en cuanto a la σ-convergencia, que implica que las provincias ricas se alejaron cada vez más de las provincias pobres en sus niveles de PBG per cápita. La dispersión de los logaritmos de la renta por habitante presentó además un comportamiento muy claro y llamativo: aumentaba notoriamente en los períodos de expansión del ingreso nacional, pero se contraía en las crisis. Una posible explicación de este fenómeno puede ser la mayor capacidad de adaptación de las provincias desarrolladas a los nuevos modelos de producción, quedando las provincias más vulnerables rezagadas con respecto al despegue de las otras. Durante este lag es cuando puede explicarse el aumento de la brecha entre provincias pobres y provincias ricas.Fil: Bignone, Franco . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas