Gender Segregation in Employment in Bosnian and Herzegovinian Labor Market

This paper analyses employment segregated market, as method of discrimination that is rather common and present in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (B&H) labor market. Data on B&H’s labor market were gathered, and examined by using a Mann Whitney test. Since this nonparametric test does not depend on normality of data, it was a best fitting test, for two independent populations, male and female population. Results of our analysis on analysis of person in employment by group of economics activities, shown that in B&H more men are employed than women, and women appear to be more economically inactive in all three groups of sections of economics activities that are selected for the analysis namely agriculture, industry and service sector. In order to resolve this problem several recommendations were given among which primary research on education attainment and employment opportunities should be conducted on the country level. It is needed to insure that gender equality law and gender action plan will be fully and equally implemented across the country, at all levels and entities

Optimização de Rotas: Aplicação à Recolha de Lixo do Concelho de Viseu

A sessão apresentada no âmbito das comemorações do Ana Mundial da Matemática, abordou o problema de organização do sistema de recolha de resíduos sólidos municipais do concelho de Viseu. A recolha de resíduos sólidos nos arredores de Viseu e na zona rural do concelho é executada pelos Serviços Municipalizados da Câmara Municipal de Viseu e efectuava-se em moldes que não serviam, nem a população abrangida, nem os funcionários da Câmara. Foi então desenvolvido um sistema de planeamento das rotas semanais ou diárias e definição do calendário das visitas a cada local, de modo a melhorar significativamente a situação então em vigor

Self-replicating cracks: a collaborative fracture mode in thin films

Straight cracks are observed in thin coatings under residual tensile stress, resulting into the classical network pattern observed in china crockery, old paintings or dry mud. Here, we present a novel fracture mechanism where delamination and propagation occur simultaneously, leading to the spontaneous self-replication of an initial template. Surprisingly, this mechanism is active below the standard critical tensile load for channel cracks and selects a robust interaction length scale on the order of 30 times the film thickness. Depending on triggering mechanisms, crescent alleys, spirals or long bands are generated over a wide range of experimental parameters. We describe with a simple physical model the selection of the fracture path and provide a configuration diagram displaying the different failure modes

The ligand-binding function of the porcine class Pi glutathione S-transferase

A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg February 1994Glutathione S-transferases are multifunctional intracellular proteins. They catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to endogenous'or foreign electrophiles, and also bind non-substrate ligands. Class Pi glutathione S-transferase (pGSTPl~l) was purified from porcine lung to a specific. activity of 6.63p.ffiol/min/mg. The homodimeric protein has a molecular weight of about 4~.7kD and an isoelectric point of 8.6. Anionic ligand-binding properties of this isoenzyme were investigated. Steady-state fluorescence methods were used to determine ~ values for 8-anilino··l~naphtha1enesulphonic acid (K, == 17.1p.M and 11.1J.tM using fluorescence enhancement techniques and quenching techniques respectively), bromosulphophtbalein (Kcl=1.1p.M at pH 6.5 and 2.4/jM at pH 7.5) and glutathione {~=1201I.M). The affinity of bromosulphophthalein for the enzyme, in the presence of 10mM glutathione was slightly enhanced (~=O.7.uM at pH 6.5). The energy transfer betwecz the protein's tryptophan residues and 8-anUino-l-naphthalene sulphonic acid was observed and found to be about 56% efficient. The impact of ligand binding on both protein structure and catalytic activity were assessed. Kinetic studies show that the active site of the enzyme is not the primary binding site for the non-substrate ligands, but that the binding of bromosulphophthalein and to a lesser extent 8~ani1ino-l-!.~phtha1ene sulphonic acid, does affect the active site of the enzyme, especially aner saturating concentrations of the ligand. This may be the result of a small ligand-induced conformational change. Fluorescence studies also indicate that the primary site for anionic ligand binding is not in close proximity to either Trp28 or Trp38 in domain I, Competition studies indicated that the two anionic ligands bind the Same site, < Prorein fluorescence, chemical modification « and size-exclusion HPLC data indicate that ligand binding does 110t induce gross conformational changes in the protein

Wrapping an adhesive sphere with a sheet

We study the adhesion of an elastic sheet on a rigid spherical substrate. Gauss'Theorema Egregium shows that this operation necessarily generates metric distortions (i.e. stretching) as well as bending. As a result, a large variety of contact patterns ranging from simple disks to complex branched shapes are observed as a function of both geometrical and material properties. We describe these different morphologies as a function of two non-dimensional parameters comparing respectively bending and stretching energies to adhesion. A complete configuration diagram is finally proposed

Vamos Jogar no Totoloto?

Tendo como objectivo despertar o interesse dos alunos pelo cálculo de probabilidades, as autoras desta sessão de trabalho, pegaram num tema bem conhecido de todos, o jogo do Totoloto, e fizeram dele um tema de trabalho em probabilidades para cerca de uma hora. As autoras começaram por despertar nos alunos a curiosidade por saber quais são as chances de ganhar o 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º prémio, no jogo do Totoloto, fazendo apenas uma aposta. Para alguns, o cálculo da probabilidade de ganhar o 1º prémio já não era novidade, mas o mesmo já não se passava no que diz respeito aos 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º prémios

Implications of ideas on super-hydrophobicity for water repellent soil

Water repellence is an important factor in soil erosion due to its role in inhibiting the re-establishment of vegetation after fire and due to its enhancement of run-off. Water repellence is studied across a range of diverse disciplines, such as chemistry, materials, textiles and soil and reclamation science. In recent years many basic studies of water repellence of materials have focused on the role of the sub-mm surface topography of a material in modifying the intrinsic hydrophobicity imparted by the surface chemistry to create super-hydrophobicity. In this report, we first illustrate the types of hydrophobic effects created by a suitable coupling of small scale surface topography with surface chemistry using three examples of materials: an etched metal, a foam and a micro-fabricated pillar structure. These examples demonstrate the general applicability of the ideas and suggest that they could apply to a granular material, such as a fine sandy soil, particularly when the grains have become coated with a hydrophobic layer. This applicability is confirmed by contact angle measurements of droplets of water on hydrophobic sand. A theoretical model describing the application of these ideas to a loose-packed, but regular, array of uniform spherical grains is then presented and discussed. When the grains are in a dry initial state the effect of the surface is to increase the apparent water repellence as observed through the contact angle. However, when the spaces between the grains are initially filled with water, the effect is to provide greater wetting. To qualitatively confirm the enhancement of contact angle caused by the granular structure, model surfaces using 600 µm and 250 µm hydrophobic glass beads were created. On these surfaces, the contact angle of droplets of water was increased from 108° to 126° and 140°, respectively