A checklist of the flora of Shanjan protected area, East Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran

The flora of protected Shanjan rangeland in Shabestar district, Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran was studied using a 1 m x 1 m quadrate in spring and summer 2011. The climate of this area is cold and dry. In this area 94 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified as constituting the major part of the vegetation. The families in the area are Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophllaceae, Cistaceae, Compositea, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dipesaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Melvaceae, Orobachaceae, Papaveraceae, Paronychiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Valerianacea. Floristic composition is Irano-Turanian elements. Detailed analysis showed that Biennial plants were 3.19%, Annual 41.49% and Perennial 55.32%.Keywords: Checklist, flora, edaphic grasslands, Shanjan Protected area, East Azerbaijan Provinc

Average stem biomass of Gundelia (Gundelia tournefortii L.) in Shanjan Rangelands, East Azerbaijan, Iran

The stem of plants can be used for animal grazing, wind erosion control, reduction of water flow, increase of evaporation and transpiration. In NW of Iran (East Azerbaijan Province), rangelands were utilized for animal grazing, but were later changed to agricultural land. Moreover, this vegetation has unsuitable vegetation coverage. We studied Gundelia tournefortii L. to determine its stem biomass characteristics. Data were collected with accidental sampling method (1*1 m) in this area. A total of 15 plots were collected and 75 samples were studied in this study. However, the minimum, maximum and mean stem biomass of this plant was 5.5, 22.6 and 10.5 g, respectively.Key word: Gundelia tournefortii L., Iran, rangeland, stem biomass

Comparison of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Reactions Kinetics by Na2CO3 and Other Different Sorbents from Coal-fired Power Plants

This work deals with kinetic parameters estimation of Na2CO3+SO2 reaction employing sophisticated random pore model. The temperature of experiments ranges from 100 to 250 °C, and various SO2 concentrations are within 0.13–1.12 vol.%. According to the results, the reaction rate concentration dependency follows the fractional function. The values of rate constants and product layer diffusivities are expressed at various temperatures. Finally, it was attempted to describe the significance of this sorbent for SO2 removal. Therefore, the kinetic results of Na2CO3+SO2 reaction were compared with other similar studies on SO2 reaction kinetics with CaO, CuO, and MgO sorbents. It was concluded that Na2CO3 shows advantages of higher rate constants, lower operating temperatures, and less possibility of incomplete conversion problem. The reported kinetic constants are essential for design of flue gas desulfurization reactors, especially in coalfired power plants. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

A CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF SHANJAN PROTECTED AREA, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, NW IRAN

The flora of protected Shanjan rangeland in Shabestar district, Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran was studied using a 1 m x 1 m quadrate in spring and summer 2011. The climate of this area is cold and dry. In this area 94 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified as constituting the major part of the vegetation. The families in the area are Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophllaceae, Cistaceae, Compositea, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dipesaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Melvaceae, Orobachaceae, Papaveraceae, Paronychiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, ¬ Solanaceae and¬ Valerianacea. Floristic composition is Irano-Turanian elements. Detailed analysis showed that Biennial plants were 3.19%, Annual 41.49% and Perennial 55.32%

Effect of Acacia mangium Root Properties on Shallow Landslide and Slope Stability

Abstract-The aim of this paper is to study the influence of Acacia mangium on slope stability in forest area with some landslide failure. There are a lot of shallow landslides on the East-West highway in Penang, Malaysia. In this study, root distribution of four samples of Acacia mangium was studied in rainforest, Perak, Malaysia, with the purpose to raise our knowledge on RAR (the proportion between the area occupied by roots in a slice area of roots) relevant to depth. Trenching method was used to investigate RAR, and then in each 10 cm layer the number of roots in each root diameter classes was counted. Results indicate that the root area ratio (RAR) decrease with depth, and the highest amount of RAR is located in the first layer. Also, about 35% of roots located in the first 10 cm layer and about 90% of all roots were in the fine diameter root class ( < 2 ). There is a significant difference between RAR and depth in 0.05 levels. The number of fine roots ( is more than the number of thin roots ( , but the amount of RAR is more in the thin roots. Therefore RAR is more affected by thin roots rather than fine roots. The results develop the knowledge about bioengineering characteristic of root systems of tropical species

Average Stem Biomass of Campanula propinqua in Shanjan Rangelands, East Azerbaijan, Iran

Abstract: Plants can be used for animal grazing, in wind erosion control, to reduce water flow rates, and to increase evaporation and transpiration. In the NW of Iran (East Azerbaijan Province), rangelands previously used to animal grazing were changed to agricultural land use; this vegetation is unsuitable vegetation coverage. We studied Campanula propinqua to determine its stem biomass characteristics. Data were collected using an accidental sampling methodology (1*1 m). In total, 4 plots were identify and 20 samples were collected for this research. In the minimum, maximum and mean stem biomass for this plant were found to me 0.8, 2.1 and 1.5 g, respectively

Under-over ground Biomass characteristic of perennial Species (Eremostachys laciniata) in northwest Iran (Till area of shabestar)

ABSTRACT: Studies on assessment biomass variation in selected populations of Eremostachys laciniata were in northwest Iran (Till area of shabestar). Research aimed to investigate how root and shoot biomass production varies across a range of bulk densities and soil strengths. The research also sought to determine whether there is a threshold bulk density and/or soil strength that limit biomass production of roots and or shoots for perennial grasses. Root and shoot in these species were sampled in one stage from Mar to Aug. roots of plants stable soils on slope and provide resistance against the forces that improve slope instability. We studied: Eremostachys laciniata to determine its characteristics. Data were collected with random sampling in this aria with 1m2 in 64 quadrate plots. Mean, Max and Min over ground biomass of this plant is 0.66, 7.33, 3.27

Slope stabilization with Gleditshia caspica and Parrotia persica

The stabilization roles of two species, Gleditshia caspica and Parrotia persica , were studied on slopes in northern part of Iran. Landslides developed in this area because of incorrect land use and clear cutting of forest to change to agriculture land. Spread planting of Gleditshia caspica and Parrotia persica can help to control instability of soil in this area. Bishop's method was used to calculate the safety factor of slopes. This calculation was studied for the following conditions with vegetation cover of Gleditshia caspica, with Parrotia persica and without vegetation cover. Parrotia persica helped to stabilize slopes with 45-60% grades and Gleditshia caspica helped for slopes with 25-40% grades

Optimal treatment increased the seed germination of Salvia verticillata L.

Most seeds of the medicinal species are variable regarding their ecological compatibility with environmental conditions. Therefore, identifying the ecophysiological factors that affect dormancy and create optimal conditions for seed germination of medicinal plants is necessary for their culture and production. To evaluate the effect of different treatments on seed germination of medicinal species of Salvia verticillata, collected in the summer of 2010 in Eastern Azarbaijan, we have performed completely randomized experimental tests with 4 replications. The experimental design of treatment prior to growth included: scrape the skin with sandpaper, treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 and 48 h, treatment with citric acid for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, chilling for 2 and 4 weeks, treatment with warm water at 70°C and control treatment. Results showed that the effect of different treatments was significant on seed germination percent of the medicinal plant Salvia verticillata. Scrape the skin with sandpaper, citric acid treatment for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and gibberellic acid treatment for 24 hours, increased the germination percentage compared to the control treatment. The most positive impact was observed on the dormancy breaking and germination of medicinal species Salvia verticillata