The flora of protected Shanjan rangeland in Shabestar district, Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran was studied using a 1 m x 1 m quadrate in spring and summer 2011. The climate of this area is cold and dry.  In this area 94 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified as constituting the major part of the vegetation. The families in the area are Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophllaceae, Cistaceae, Compositea, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dipesaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Melvaceae, Orobachaceae, Papaveraceae, Paronychiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, ¬ Solanaceae and¬ Valerianacea. Floristic composition is Irano-Turanian elements.  Detailed analysis showed that Biennial plants were 3.19%, Annual 41.49% and Perennial 55.32%

Bibalani, Ghassem Habibi

Taheri, Elnaz

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ATHMSI Journals

Bibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http415A CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF SHANJAN PROTECTED AREA, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, NWIRANGhassem Habibi Bibalani1* and Elnaz Taheri21Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar City, East Azerbayjan, Iran. 2Young Researchers club, MiyanehBranch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran.*E-mail: habibibibalani@gmail.comAbstractThe flora of protected Shanjan rangeland in Shabestar district, Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran was studied using a 1 m x 1 m quadrate inspring and summer 2011. The climate of this area is cold and dry. In this area 94 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified asconstituting the major part of the vegetation. The families in the area are Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophllaceae,Cistaceae, Compositea, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dipesaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Melvaceae, Orobachaceae,Papaveraceae, Paronychiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae andValerianacea. Floristic composition is Irano-Turanian elements. Detailed analysis showed that Biennial plants were 3.19%, Annual 41.49% andPerennial 55.32%.Keywords: Checklist, flora, edaphic grasslands, Shanjan Protected area, East Azerbaijan ProvinceIntroductionIran, a country with 1,640,000 square kilometers area in the south-west of Asia within the northern hemisphere, has its specificcombination of different elements of life and a special ecosystem and biodiversity due to various factors including different climatic conditions,high mountains all around and a large desert in the centre. Different phytogeographic regions in Iran's plateau cause massive genetic flow in thisarea which results in a variety of plant species in comparison with what obtains in neighbouring countries, although some others have veryinteresting points of advantage. Some plant species have been walled beyond the natural fences (as endemic), and some are scattered in otherlands. Due to the diversity of climate, topography and edaphic conditions, limited areas of vegetation in Iran are very different and heterogeneous.Vegetation in Iran, in particular, consists of discrete and dispersed limited areas. Its coverage in the northern and north-western areas and humidregions is very high. But in arid areas with low precipitation and high evaporation, it is very low. However, there is very high plant diversity inIran which is remarkable and comparable with other countries. Iran consists of 167 families of vascular plants, 1215 genera (Flora of Iran, 2012).Total Taxa in Iran are about 8,000 which include about 6417 species, 611 subspecies, 465 varieties, and 83 hybrids. Of these, about 1,810 areendemic to Iran. Present statistics are adopted from the surveys conducted in 2000 in Central Herbarium of University of Tehran. (Ghahremanand Attar, 2000).The Flora of Iran was published by A. Ghahreman 12 volumes (Ghahreman, 1993). Check list of flora in different areas have beenresearched by different researchers such as Ozhatay and Kultur (2006), Çakal et al (2012), Mirahmadi et al (2012), Kara and Kızıloğlu (2012), Dumlu et al (2011), and Emerhi (2012).East Azerbaijan, NW Iran has a great potential of plant diversity in rangelands. The aim of this research is to broadcast the currentsituation of plants in Shanjan rangeland in Shabestar district, NW Iran. This study intends to introduce 94 plant species belonging to 25 familiesof this area.Materials and MethodsResearch area is located in Shanjan rangeland Shabestar District with elevation of 1700-2050 m. Shabestar District is situated in EastAzerbaijan Province, NW Iran between the latitude 38° 10' 60.00"N and longitude 45° 42' 0.00"E (Figure 1). Geographical significance ofresearch area is based on the fact that its boundaries touch Maran District in North east, Khoy District in North West, Salmas District in West,Tabriz District in East and South East, and Uremia Super salt lake in South. The soil of the Shanjan rangeland (Figure 2) is dissected in silty loamand silty clay loam texture. The coldest months of the area are December to March, while the maximum temperature is recorded in the months ofJuly and August. Maximum and minimum precipitations fall in the months of February and August, respectively (Obadoni et al., 2009). Wehave selected 10 random 1×1 quadrate samples (Figure 3) in 8 stations with about 50 m different elevation for 24 weeks (from March 20, 2011 toAugust 31, 2011). Plant samples have been identified in Shabestar Unit, Islamic Azad University with Flora of Iran (Ghahreman, 1993).Results and discussionIn the research area 94 plant species belonging to 25 families were identified as constituting the major part of the vegetation (Table 1).The families in the area are Ixilirion (1 species), Anchusa (1 species), Heterocaryum (2 species), Lappula (1 species), Lithospermum (1 species),Nonnea (1 species), Onosma (2 species), Rochelia (1 species), Campanula (3 species), Gypsophila (1 species), Agrostemma (1 species), Arenaria(2 species), Cerastium (1 species), Dianthus (2 species), Melandrium (1 species), Saponaria (1 species), Silene (4 species), Helianthemum (1species), Achillea (3 species), Anthemis (1 species), Centaurea (2 species), Cerepis (1 species), Chardinia (1 species), Cosinia (1 species), Crepis(1 species), Erigeron (1 species), Gundelia (1 species), Helichrysum (3 species), Lasiopogon (1 species), Scorzonera (1 species), Senecio (1species), Siebera (1 species), Aethione (1 species), Alyssum (4 species), Cardaria (1 species), Conringia (1 species), Erysimum (1 species),Malcolmia (1 species), Nasturium (1 species), Thlaspi (1 species), Carax (2 species), Scabiosa (3 species), Ephorbia (4 species), Erodium (1Bibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http416species), Geranium (1 species), Boissiera (1 species), Hypericum (1 species), Linum (1 species), Malva (1 species), Orobanche (1 species),Papaver (1 species), Romeria (1 species), Paronchia (1 species), Acantholimon (1 species), Acantholimon (1 species), Polygonum (1 species),Adonis (1 species), Ceratocephalus (1 species), Ranunculus (1 species), Reseda (1 species), Asperula (1 species), Callipeltis (1 species), Cruciata(1 species), Galium (1 species), Bungea (1 species), Linaria (1 species), Linaria (1 species), Scrophularia (1 species), Veronica (1 species),Hyoscyamus (1 species) and Valerianella (1 species) (Figure 4).A detailed analysis showed that Biennial plants were 3.19%, Annual 41.49% and Perennial 55.32% (Figure 5).Figure 1: Map of Shabestar District Figure 2: Shanjan rangeland, Shabestar District, East Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran.Figure 3: a 1× 1 quadrate sampleBibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http417Table 1: Plant list in Shanjan Rangeland in Shabestar District, East Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran..Family Botanical name Habit Flowering periodAmaryllidaceae Ixilirion tataricum (Pall.) et Schult.Annual May to JuneBoraginaceae Anchusa italica Retz. Var. italica Perennial May to JuneHeterocaryum macrocarpum Zak. annual MayHeterocaryum szoritsianum (Fisch. et C. A. Mey.) A. DC. annual MayLappula barbata (M.B.) Gurke annual May to JuneLithospermum tenuiflorum L.Fil. annual March to MayNonnea caspica (willd) G. Don. annual MayOnosma araraticum H.Riedi Perennial June to JulyOnosma trachytricum Boiss Perennial May to JuneRochelia disperma (L.F.) C.Koch. annual March to MayCampanulaceae Campanula phyctidocalyx Boiss. et Noe Perennial May to JuneCampanula propinqua Fisch.et Mey. annual May to JuneCampanula stricta L. Perennial May to JuneCaryophllaceae Gypsophila bellidifoliaBoiss Perennial JulyAgrostemma githago L. annual March to MayArenaria gypsophiloides L. var gypsophiloides Perennial May to JuneArenaria polycnemifolia Boiss Perennial MayCerastium dichotomum L. annual March to MayDianthus crinitus SM. Perennial July to AugustDianthus macranthoides Hausskn. ex Bornm. Perennial June to JulyMelandrium persicum (Boiss) et Buhse) bornm. Perennial MaySaponaria orientalis L. annual May to JuneSilene aucheriana Boiss. annual March to MaySilene marschalii C.A.Mey Perennial May to JuneSilene morganae Freyn Perennial June to JulySilene pungens Boiss Perennial May to JuneCistaceae Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) mill. Var. ledifolium annual March to MayCompositea Achillea micrantha Willd. annual JuneAchillea millefolium Perennial JulyAchillea nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (kerner) Formancek. Perennial JuneAnthemis tinctoria L. Perennial May to AugustCentaurea aucheri (DC.) Wagenitz Subsp. Szowitssii(Boiss)Wagenitz Perennial June to JulyCentaurea cheiranthifolia Willd.Var. Purpurascens (DC) Wagenitz. Perennial June to JulyCerepis asadbarensis Bornm.eX Rech.f. Perennial May to JuneChardinia orientalis (L.) O Kuntze annual MayCosinia microcephala Perennial June to JulyCrepis sancta (L.) Babcock subsp. sancta. annual May to JuneErigeron acria L. Confertum Boiss biennial March to MayGundelia tournefortii (L.) Perennial May to JuneBibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http418Family Botanical name Habit Flowering periodHelichrysum araxinum Takht.ex Kirp. Perennial JuneHelichrysum oligocephalum DC. Perennial JuneHelichrysum rubicundum (C.Koch) Bornm. Perennial JuneLasiopogon muscoides (Desf.)D. annual March to MayScorzonera phaeopapa (Boiss) Boiss. Perennial June to JulySenecio mollis Willd Perennial June to JulySiebera nana (DC.)Boram annual March to JuneCruciferae Aethione arabicum (L.) Andrz. et DC. annual March to MayAlyssum bracteatum(Boiss. et Buhse) Perennial May to JuneAlyssum linifolium Step. et Willd. Var linifolium) Perennial JulyAlyssum longistylumGrossh&Schischk. Perennial JuneAlyssum marginatum(Steud. ex boiss.) Perennial JulyCardaria draba L. Perennial March to MayConringia perfoliata (C. A. Mey) Busch. annual JulyErysimum crassipes Fisch.et C.A.Mey. Perennial JuneMalcolmia strigosa Boiss annual March to MayNasturium officinale R.Br. Perennial May to JuneThlaspi stenocarpum (Boiss) Hodge. Perennial JuneCyperaceae Carax caucasica Stev. Perennial May to JuneCarex Pseudofoetida Kukenth annual March to MayDipesaceae Scabiosa argentea L. biennial May to JuneScabiosa calocephala Boiss annual May to JuneScabiosa rotata M.B. annual March to JuneEuphorbiaceae Ephorbia turcomanica Boiss Perennial JulyEuphorbia boissieriana (Woron.) Prokh. Perennial JulyEuphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. et Hohen Perennial JuneEuphorbia seguieriana Necker subsp. Niciciana (Borb.)Rech. F. Perennial May to JuneGeraniaceae Erodium pulverulentum (Cav.) willd. subsp. bovei annual March to MayGeranium collinum Steph.ex willd. Perennial March to JuneBoissiera squarrosa (Banks et Soland.) Nevski Plantaginaceae JuneHypericaceae Hypericum scabrum L. Perennial March to JuneLinaceae Linum catharticum L. annual March to JuneMelvaceae Malva Sylvestris L. Var Sylvestris Perennial JulyOrobachaceae Orobanche anatolica Boiss et Reut. Perennial March to JunePapaveraceae Papaver arenarium M.B. annual JulyRomeria hybrid L. annual JuneParonychiaceae Paronchia arabica (L.)DC.Subsp.breviseta (Aschers.et Schwein F.)Chaudhri. annual March to MayPlantaginaceae Acantholimon fominii Kusn. Perennial June to JulyAcantholimon sorchenes Rech.F. Perennial JunePolygolaceae Polygonum afghanicum Meisn. Perennial JulyRanunculaceae Adonis aestivalis (L.) annual JulyBibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http419Family Botanical name Habit Flowering periodCeratocephalus falcatus (L.) Pers. annual JuneRanunculus lomatocarpus F. et M. annual JuneResedaceae Reseda transitoria Rech.F. biennial JulyRubiaceae Asperula arvensis L. Var albida bornm. annual JulyCallipeltis cucullaria Stev. annual JuneCruciata coronata (Sibth. Et Sm.) Ehendf subsp. persica (DC.) Ehrendf. Perennial JuneGalium humifusum Bieb Perennial JulyScrophulariaceae Bungea trifida (Vahi.) C.A. Mey. Var linifolia (Vahi.) C.A. Mey. Perennial JulyLinaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. annual JuneLinaria simplex (Wild.) DC. Plantaginaceae JuneScrophularia striata Boiss Perennial JulyVeronica beccabungal. Subsp.abscondita M.A.Fischer Perennial JulySolanaceae Hyoscyamus pusillus annual JuneValerianacea Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench annual March to MayBibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http420Figure 4: Plant family members in Shanjan Rangeland in Shabestar District, East Azerbaijan Province, NW IranFigure 5: Plants Habit in Shanjan Rangeland in Shabestar District, East Azerbaijan Province, NW IranAcknowledgementThe authors greatly acknowledge the scientific support from the Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, to thefirst author in this study. This paper is a part of a project entitled "Flowering phenology of rangeland plants of Daryan Dareh-Shabestar (with based on Honey Plants) for rangeland protection and sustainable production" with project number51955891110013. The authors also express their sincere appreciation to the anonymous reviewer(s) for their help to improvethe paper quality.References1. Çakal, Ş., Kara A,., Koç, A., and Avağ, A. (2012). Comparison of rangeland vegetation study methods, International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2 (2): 105-106.2. Dumlu, S. E., Özgöz, M. M., Çakal, Ş., Aksakal, E., Uzun, M., and Şimşek, U. (2011). Important legume and grass forage crop species commonly found in natural mountain grasslands in Yusufeli -Artvin, International Journal ofForest, Soil and Erosion 1 (1): 43-46.3. Emerhi, E., A. (2012). Variations in anatomical properties of Rhizophora racemosa (Leechm) and Rhizophoraharrisonii (G. Mey) in a Nigerian mangrove forest ecosystem, International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2(2): 89-96.4. Flora of Iran (2012). Flora of Iran. http://www.flora-iran.com/index.html. Retrieved July 11, 2012.5. Ghahreman, A., and Attar, F. (2000): Biodiversity of plant species in Iran, vol. 1. Tehran University publications.Bibilani et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(6):415-421.16i10v.ajtcam/.431410/org.doi.dx://http4216. Ghahreman, A. 1993: Flora of Iran / Flore de l' Iran en couleurs naturalles. Vol. 1 to 12. Publie' par: institute desrecherches des Forests et des paturage Department Botanique. Tehran.7. Kara, A. and Kızıloğlu, S. (2012). The effect of grassland quality and other factors on farm success: The case of Erzurum province, International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2 (1): 59-62.8. Mirahmadi, S. F., Hasandokht, M. R, Hassani, M. E., and Sefidkon, F. (2012). Evaluation of genetic diversityamong some wild populations of Achillea bieberstenii Afan. From Iran using morphological and agronomical traits,International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2 (1): 8-17.9. Obadoni, B. O., Edema, N. E., Erheni, H., Ogie-Odia, E., and Amukali, O. (2009). A Checklist of the Flora ofEdaphic Grasslands in the Rainforest Belts of Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. World Rural Observations (1):43-49.10. Ozhatay, N. and Kultur, F. (2006). Check-List of Additional Taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey III. Turk JBot. 30: 281-316.s

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A CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF SHANJAN PROTECTED AREA, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, NW IRAN

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A CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF SHANJAN PROTECTED AREA, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, NW IRAN

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