20 research outputs found

    Atividade Antitumoral de Extratos obtidos do Epicarpo de Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel sobre Tumor Sólido de Ehrlich/ Antitumoral Activity of Extracts Obtained from Epicarp of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel on Solid Ehrlich Tumor

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    Estudou-se atividade antitumoral de um extrato acetônico do fruto de Plinia cauliflora no modelo do tumor de Ehrlich. Camundongos foram utilizados para este experimento, os quais foram divididos em: grupo I - animais sem tumor tratados com Nacl a 9% (controle normal); grupo II animais com tumor tratados com Nacl a 9% ( controle negativo); grupo III – 400 mg/kg/dia de extrato acetônico de P. cauliflora; e grupo IV - animais com tumor tratados com 5-fluoracil (20 mg/kg/dia). No oitavo dia de experimento, foram realizados exames hematológicos (contagem de leucócitos e hemácias) e bioquímicos (glicose, colesterol total, triglicerídios, HDL-colesterol, aspartato aminotrasnferase, alanina aminotransferase, uréia e creatinina) por métodos enzimáticos específicos. O tratamento com o extrato acetônico de P. cauliflora mostrou uma significante atividade antitumoral, onde foi observada uma redução de 54.5% da massa tumoral. O tratamento com o extrato acetônico promoveu uma significante melhora dos níveis de uréia, creatinina, colesterol total e glicose em comparação com o grupo controle negativo. Conclui-se que, a terapêutica com o extrato evidenciou seu êxito antitumoral e não retratou nenhuma modificação nos marcadores de função renal e hepática, comumente encontrada em drogas comercializadas

    Vírus Nipah: Uma Análise Abrangente do Perfil Epidemiológico e Clínico

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    Introduction: Among the diseases posing a serious threat to public health, those originating from viral agents assume significant importance. The Nipah virus (NiV), belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, was documented in Malaysia during the period of 1998-1999. Due to its notable lethality in humans, its zoonotic nature, potential for interpersonal transmission, and the absence of a readily available vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as a global health issue. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of understanding regarding Nipah Virus infection, offering a theoretical foundation for subsequent clinical investigations and interventions. Methodology: The methodology involved a descriptive search of articles from four electronic databases (PubMed, BVS, SCIELO, and Scopus), where selected articles were synthesized, providing a thorough literature review. Results and Discussion: Depending on the strain's specificity, Nipah Virus (NiV) infection manifests with neurological symptoms and severe respiratory disturbances. In confirmed cases of NiV epidemics, the presence of the virus in humans is often correlated with various animal species, with bats of the Pteropus species commonly considered primary reservoirs and natural vectors of NiV. Human transmission occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, contact with animals, and direct interpersonal interaction. Additionally, due to the lack of vaccines and drugs with established efficacy against NiV, the therapeutic approach for patients is limited to supportive measures and prophylactic intervention. Conclusion: The Nipah Virus (NiV) poses a potential threat for spread among human populations and livestock in a specific geographic region. Therefore, the foundations for managing this disease lie in implementing biosafety practices, including proper management of reservoirs and intermediate/amplifying hosts, and in the development of potential therapeutic measures.Introdução: Entre as enfermidades que constituem uma séria ameaça à saúde pública, destacam-se aquelas originadas por agentes virais, as quais assumem uma significativa importância. O vírus Nipah (NiV), pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae, foi documentado na Malásia durante o período de 1998-1999. Em virtude de sua notável letalidade em seres humanos, de sua característica zoonótica, da capacidade potencial de transmissão interpessoal, e da ausência de uma vacina prontamente disponível, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) identificou-o como uma questão de saúde global. Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo consiste em apresentar uma perspectiva abrangente do estado atual do entendimento acerca da infecção pelo Vírus Nipah, fornecendo uma fundamentação teórica para investigações e intervenções clínicas subsequentes. Metodologia:  A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa descritiva de artigos de quatro bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, BVS, SCIELO e Scopus), na qual os artigos selecionados foram sintetizados, oferecendo uma revisão completa da literatura. Resultados e Discussão: Dependendo da especificidade da cepa, a infecção pelo Vírus Nipah (NiV) manifesta-se por sintomas neurológicos e distúrbios respiratórios graves. Nos casos confirmados de epidemias de NiV, a presença do vírus em seres humanos frequentemente está correlacionada com diversas espécies animais, sendo os morcegos da espécie Pteropus comumente considerados os principais reservatórios e vetores naturais do NiV. O contágio humano ocorre por meio do consumo de alimentos contaminados, do contato com animais e da interação direta entre indivíduos. Além disso, devido à ausência de vacinas e de medicamentos com eficácia estabelecida contra o NiV, a abordagem terapêutica para os pacientes é restrita a medidas de suporte e intervenção profilática. Considerações finais: O Vírus Nipah (NiV) constitui uma ameaça potencial para a disseminação entre populações humanas e animais de criação em determinada região geográfica. Logo, os fundamentos para a gestão dessa enfermidade residem na implementação de práticas de biossegurança, que incluem uma administração apropriada do reservatório e dos hospedeiros intermediários/amplificadores e no desenvolvimento de potenciais medidas terapêuticas. &nbsp

    Fatores pró-aterotrombóticos associados à Síndrome Metabólica X na população de Pernambuco Nordeste Brasil

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    Síndrome Metabólica X (SMX) consiste num cluster de, no mínimo, três distúrbios metabólicos, dentre os quais resistência à insulina/hiperinsulinemia compensatória, hiperglicemia, obesidade e/ou obesidade abdominal, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia característica com hipertrigliceridemia e/ou diminuição dos níveis de colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c); além de outros fatores de risco próaterotrombóticos, tais como hiperuricemia e níveis elevados de fibrinogênio plasmático. Acredita-se que quando estes fatores de risco encontram-se associados em um único indivíduo, há uma potenciação do risco cardiovascular aterosclerótico (RCVA), como, por exemplo, os índices I e II de Castelli e os valores da razão apolipoproteínaB/apolipoproteínaA-I. Em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil, ainda é desconhecida a prevalência da SMX, bem como sua relação mais aprofundada com fatores pró-aterotrombóticos e sua influência em Doenças Cardiovasculares Ateroscleróticas (DCVAs). Assim, o presente estudo teve, como objetivo principal, a investigação dessa relação. Em primeiro aspecto, foi investigada uma associação da SMX e de fatores próaterotrombóticos com tabagismo em 1078 jovens mulheres (20 a 29 anos), desde que se tem estimado uma relação causal entre o hábito de fumar e aproximadamente 250 milhões de mortes, nos próximos anos. A prevalência do tabagismo foi de 12,3%. Jovens fumantes apresentaram maiores valores de índice de massa corpórea e de cintura/quadril, maior resistência à insulina (acessada pelo modelo matemático de homeostasia e pela razão triglicerídios/HDL-c), maiores índices de RCVA, maiores níveis pressóricos, de fibrinogênio e de ácido úrico; e menores de HDL-c e do índice quantitativo de checagem da sensibilidade á insulina. O cluster de distúrbios da SMX foi mais prevalente nas fumantes do que em jovens não fumantes; e o cigarro apresentou uma razão de chance de 4.49 e 9.31 para SMX em jovens de 20-24 e 25-29 anos, respectivamente. Realizou-se também uma avaliação do novo perfil lipídico de população feminina (n=508), do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, de acordo com as III e as IV Diretrizes Brasileiras Sobre Dislipidemias, evidenciando as mudanças ocorridas. O perfil lipídico Diminuição Isolada dos Níveis de HDL-c apresentou-se cerca de 4 vezes mais freqüente, enquanto que o número de mulheres normolipidêmicas reduziu pela metade. Também foi avaliada esta modificação em 212 homens. Nesses, houve um aumento considerável de hipertrigliceridemia. Foi investigado também o grau de influência dos principais distúrbios da SMX em cardiopatias já estabelecidas (n=252, ambos os sexos), em comparação a 250 indivíduos controle. Obesidade/Obesidade abdominal, triglicerídios e VLDL-c foram os maiores contribuidores para DCVAs. Foi investigada também a relação de fatores genéticos (polimorfismo da apolipoproteína E) com SMX (n=160 idosos). O alelo e4 apresentou uma associação com o perfil lipídico característico da SMX (hipertrigliceridemia, altos níveis de VLDL-c e Triglicerídios/HDL-c). Portanto, este estudo demonstra a forte relação entre Fatores Pró-Aterotrombóticos/SMX/DCVAs ; e enfatiza a necessidade de estudos epidemiológicos que identifiquem as características inerentes de cada população, devido às peculiaridades referentes aos fatores biológicos e não biológicos de RCV

    Relationship between splenomegaly and hematologic findings in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

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    BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease. Patients who develop hepatosplenic schistosomiasis have clinical findings including periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension, cytopenia, splenomegaly and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the hemostatic and hematologic findings of patients with schistosomiasis and correlate these to the size of the spleen. METHODS Fifty-five adults with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 30 healthy subjects were selected through a history of contact with contaminated water, physical examination and ultrasound characteristics such as periportal fibrosis and splenomegaly in the Gastroenterology Service of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Blood samples were collected to determine liver function, blood counts, prothrombin (international normalized ratio), partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels using the Pentra 120 hematological analyzer (HORIBA/ABX), Density Plus (test photo-optical Trinity Biotech, Ireland) and COBAS analyzer 6000 (Roche). Furthermore, the longitudinal size of the spleen was measured by ultrasound (Acuson X analyzer 150, Siemens). The Student t-test, the Fisher test and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the results with statistical significance being set for a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The mean age was higher for the Study Group than for the Control Group (54 ± 13.9 vs. 38 ± 12.7 years). The average longitudinal diameter of the spleen was 16.9 cm (Range: 12.3-26.3 cm). Anemia is a common finding in patients with schistosomiasis (36.3%). The mean platelet and leukocyte counts of patients were lower than for the Control Group (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, the international normalized ratio (1.42 vs. 1.04), partial thromboplastin time (37.9 vs. 30.5 seconds) and D-Dimer concentration (393 vs. 86.5 ng/mL) were higher for the Study Group compared to the Control Group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that hematological and hemostatic abnormalities are associated with splenomegaly, hypersplenism and portal hypertension

    Fitness cost in field and laboratory Aedes aegypti populations associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos

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    Abstract Background The continued use of chemical insecticides in the context of the National Program of Dengue Control in Brazil has generated a high selective pressure on the natural populations of Aedes aegypti, leading to their resistance to these compounds in the field. Fitness costs have been described as adaptive consequences of resistance. This study evaluated the biological and reproductive performance of A. aegypti strains and a field population resistant to temephos, the main larvicide used for controlling mosquitoes. Methods Comparative tests were performed with a resistant field population from the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco State, Brazil, with a high rate of temephos resistance (RR = 226.6) and three isogenetic laboratory strains from the same origin (Araripina municipality, Pernambuco): RecR (RR = 283.6); RecRNEx (RR = 250.5), a strain under a process of resistance reversion; and RecRev (RR = 2.32), a reversed susceptible strain used as an experimental control. Results Our study revealed that the absence of selective pressure imposed by exposure to temephos, for five consecutive generations, led to a discrete reduction of the resistance ratio and the response of the detoxifying enzymes. Most of the 19 biological parameters were impaired in the resistant strains and field population. The analysis of the fertility life table confirmed the presence of reproductive disadvantages for the resistant individuals. Similarly, the longevity, body size, and total energetic resources were also lower for the resistant females, except for the last two parameters in the field females (Arcoverde). In contrast, the sex ratio and embryonic viability suffered no interference in all strains or population evaluated, regardless of their status of resistance to temephos. Conclusions The reproductive potential and survival of the resistant individuals were compromised. The parameters most affected were the larval development time, fecundity, net reproduction rate, and the generational doubling time. These fitness costs in the natural population and laboratory strains investigated are likely associated with maintaining the metabolic mechanism of resistance to temephos. Our results show that despite these costs, the highly temephos resistant populations can compensate for these losses and successfully overcome the control actions that are based on the use of chemical insecticides

    Human plasma lipid modulation in schistosomiasis mansoni depends on apolipoprotein E polymorphism.

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    Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic liver disease, which causes several metabolic disturbances. Here, we evaluate the influence of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism, a known modulator of lipid metabolism, on plasma lipid levels in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.Blood samples were used for APOE genotyping and to measure total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides. Schistosomiasis patients had reduced TC, LDL-C and triglycerides (25%, 38% and 32% lower, respectively; Pε3>ε4) was absent in patients (ε2 or ε4>ε3), and the increase in HDL-C of ε2 or ε4 patients compared to ε3 patients was not seen in the control groups.We confirm that human schistosomiasis causes dyslipidemia and report for the first time that certain changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels depend on APOE gene polymorphism. Importantly, we also concluded that S. mansoni disrupts the expected regulation of plasma lipids by the different ApoE isoforms. This finding suggests ways to identify new metabolic pathways affected by schistosomiasis and also potential molecular targets to treat associated morbidities

    Splenectomy Improves Hemostatic and Liver Functions in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni

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    Submitted by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-09-21T19:19:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 26267788 2015 lei-spl.pdf: 287363 bytes, checksum: b60cf51660dc6cad04187ac92700842e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-09-21T19:31:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 26267788 2015 lei-spl.pdf: 287363 bytes, checksum: b60cf51660dc6cad04187ac92700842e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26267788 2015 lei-spl.pdf: 287363 bytes, checksum: b60cf51660dc6cad04187ac92700842e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, BrasilSchistosomiasis mansoni is a chronic liver disease, in which some patients (5-10%) progress to the most severe form, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. This form is associated with portal hypertension and splenomegaly, and often episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, even with liver function preserved. Splenectomy is a validated procedure to reduce portal hypertension following digestive bleeding. Here, we evaluate beneficial effects of splenectomy on blood coagulation factors and liver function tests in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni compared to non-operated patients

    Hemostatic Dysfunction Is Increased in Patients with Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni and Advanced Periportal Fibrosis

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>Schistosomiasis mansoni is an endemic parasitic disease and a public health problem in Northeast Brazil. In some patients, hepatic abnormalities lead to periportal fibrosis and result in the most severe clinical form, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. This study aimed to evaluate whether abnormal blood coagulation and liver function tests in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (n = 55) correlate with the severity of their periportal fibrosis.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Blood samples were used for liver function tests, hemogram and prothrombin time (International Normalized Ratio, INR). The blood coagulation factors (II, VII, VIII, IX and X), protein C and antithrombin IIa (ATIIa), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer were measured by photometry or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined on the basis of PAI-1 levels and a D-dimer concentration greater than a standard cut-off of 483 ng/mL. Standard liver function tests were all abnormal in the patient group compared to healthy controls (n = 29), including raised serum transaminases (p<0.001) and lower levels of albumin (p = 0.0156). Platelet counts were 50% lower in patients, while for coagulation factors there was a 40% increase in the INR (p<0.001) and reduced levels of Factor VII and protein C in patients compared to the controls (both p<0.001). Additionally, patients with more advanced fibrosis (n = 38) had lower levels of protein C compared to those with only central fibrosis (p = 0.0124). The concentration of plasma PAI-1 in patients was one-third that of the control group (p<0.001), and D-dimer levels 2.2 times higher (p<0.001) with 13 of the 55 patients having levels above the cut-off.</p><p>Conclusion/Significance</p><p>This study confirms that hemostatic abnormalities are associated with reduced liver function and increased liver fibrosis. Of note was the finding that a quarter of patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and advanced periportal fibrosis have hyperfibrinolysis, as judged by excessive levels of D-dimer, which may predispose them to gastrointestinal bleeding.</p></div
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