2,017 research outputs found
Effects of azimuth-symmetric acceptance cutoffs on the measured asymmetry in unpolarized Drell-Yan fixed target experiments
Fixed-target unpolarized Drell-Yan experiments often feature an acceptance
depending on the polar angle of the lepton tracks in the laboratory frame.
Typically leptons are detected in a defined angular range, with a dead zone in
the forward region. If the cutoffs imposed by the angular acceptance are
independent of the azimuth, at first sight they do not appear dangerous for a
measurement of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, relevant because of its association
with the violation of the Lam-Tung rule and with the Boer-Mulders function. On
the contrary, direct simulations show that up to 10 percent asymmetries are
produced by these cutoffs. These artificial asymmetries present qualitative
features that allow them to mimic the physical ones. They introduce some
model-dependence in the measurements of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, since a
precise reconstruction of the acceptance in the Collins-Soper frame requires a
Monte Carlo simulation, that in turn requires some detailed physical input to
generate event distributions. Although experiments in the eighties seem to have
been aware of this problem, the possibility of using the Boer-Mulders function
as an input parameter in the extraction of Transversity has much increased the
requirements of precision on this measurement. Our simulations show that the
safest approach to these measurements is a strong cutoff on the Collins-Soper
polar angle. This reduces statistics, but does not necessarily decrease the
precision in a measurement of the Boer-Mulders function.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
Universal pattern in (e,e'p) at large missing momenta: quasi-deuteron or diffractive final state interactions?
The intrinsic single particle momentum distributions in nuclei are supposed
to show a universal behavior at large momenta, dominated by short-range
correlated pairs, or quasi-deuterons. We discuss whether the quasi-deuteron
universality survives the final state interaction effects, which are present in
the missing momentum spectra measured in experiments at GeV
energies. We demonstrate that in the observed missing momentum spectra an
approximate universality is present, but originating from the universal pattern
of diffractive final state interactions of the struck proton independent of the
target nucleus.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 3 uuencoded figure
Asymmetry of the Missing Momentum Distribution in (e,ep) Reactions and Color Trnasparency
We suggest the measurement of the integrated asymmetry of teh missing
momentum distribution in (e,ep)reactions to check color transparency effects
at intermediate momentum transfers.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figures (available from the authors), FNT/T-93-45,
University of Pavi
A Superconductor Made by a Metal Heterostructure at the Atomic Limit Tuned at the "Shape Resonance": MgB2
We have studied the variation of Tc with charge density and lattice
parameters in Mg1-xAlxB2 superconducting samples at low Al doping x<8%. We show
that high Tc occurs where the chemical potential is tuned at a "superconducting
shape resonance" near the energy Ec of the quantum critical point (QCP) for the
dimensional transition from 2D to 3D electronic structure in a particular
subband of the natural superlattice of metallic atomic boron layers. At the
"shape resonance" the electrons pairs see a 2D Fermi surface at EF-w0 and a 3D
Fermi surface at EF+wo, where wo is the energy cut off of the pairing
interaction. The resonant amplification occurs in a narrow energy range where
EF-Ec is in the range of 2wo.Comment: 16 page
Magnetorotational instability in cool cores of galaxy clusters
Clusters of galaxies are embedded in halos of optically thin, gravitationally
stratified, weakly magnetized plasma at the system's virial temperature. Due to
radiative cooling and anisotropic heat conduction, such intracluster medium
(ICM) is subject to local instabilities, which are combinations of the thermal,
magnetothermal and heat-flux-driven buoyancy instabilities. If the ICM rotates
significantly, its stability properties are substantially modified and, in
particular, also the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can play an important
role. We study simple models of rotating cool-core clusters and we demonstrate
that the MRI can be the dominant instability over significant portions of the
clusters, with possible implications for the dynamics and evolution of the cool
cores. Our results give further motivation for measuring the rotation of the
ICM with future X-ray missions such as ASTRO-H and ATHENA.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Plasma
Physics, Special Issue "Complex Plasma Phenomena in the Laboratory and in the
Universe
Non-neutral theory of biodiversity
We present a non-neutral stochastic model for the dynamics taking place in a
meta-community ecosystems in presence of migration. The model provides a
framework for describing the emergence of multiple ecological scenarios and
behaves in two extreme limits either as the unified neutral theory of
biodiversity or as the Bak-Sneppen model. Interestingly, the model shows a
condensation phase transition where one species becomes the dominant one, the
diversity in the ecosystems is strongly reduced and the ecosystem is
non-stationary. This phase transition extend the principle of competitive
exclusion to open ecosystems and might be relevant for the study of the impact
of invasive species in native ecologies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figur
Local structure of directed networks
Previous work on undirected small-world networks established the paradigm
that locally structured networks tend to have high density of short loops. On
the other hand, many realistic networks are directed. Here we investigate the
local organization of directed networks and find, surprisingly, that real
networks often have very few short loops as compared to random models. We
develop a theory and derive conditions for determining if a given network has
more or less loops than its randomized counterpart. These findings carry broad
implications for structural and dynamical processes sustained by directed
networks
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