Studies on Scots pine seed orchards in Finland with special emphasis on the genetic composition of the seed. Seloste.

Diss. Helsinki

Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Uji Provenans Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Umur 20 Tahun di Lad Krating, Chachoengsao, Thailand)

Evaluation of Provenance Trial of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Growth Age 20-Year-old in Lad Krating , Chachoengsao Province, ThailandGrowth characteristics of a wide range of provenance trial of Eucalyptus urophylla established at Lad Krating Plantation, Chachoengsao Province were assessed at 20 years of age. The trial was established to ascertain the extent of variation within the species, identify promising sources for the immediate seed supply and provide information on superior sources for selection. The trial consisted of 18 provenances representing six islands in Indonesia, viz. Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, and Timor. Results from the present study indicated that there were significant differences in survival, tree height, clear bole, diameter at 10 cm above ground level (D10), and diameter at breast height (Dbh) among provenances. Meanwhile, the difference in crown diameter among provenances was insignificant. The present results recommended 6 provenances, viz. Mt. Lewotobi (Flores), Mt. Wasbilla (Pantar), Mt. Kerbau (Lomblen), Mt. Lewerok (Flores), Ampui (Alor), and Mt. Lakaan (Timor) as the best performing provenances for the next selection process and the most promising seed sources to be used in increasing the plantation productivity at Lad Krating

EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN Un PROVENANS Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. BLAKE UMUR 20 TAHUN DI LAD KRATING, CHACHOENGSAO, THAILAND

Growth characteristics of a wide range of provenance trial of Eucalyptus urophylla established at Lad Krating Plantation, Chachoengsao Province were assessed at 20 years of age. The trial was established to ascertain the extent of variation within the species, identify promising sources for the immediate seed supply and provide information on superior sources for selection. The trial consisted of 18 provenances representing six islands in Indonesia, viz. Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, and Timor. Results from the present study indicated that there were significant differences in survival, tree height, clear bole, diameter at 10 cm above ground level (DIO), and diameter at breast height (Dbh) among provenances. Meanwhile, the difference in crown diameter among provenances was insignificant. The present results recommended 6 provenances, viz. \u27 Mt. Lewotobi (Flores), Mt. Wasbilla (Pantar), Mt. Kerbau (Lomblen), Mt. Lewerok (Flores), Ampui (Alor), and Mt. Lakaan (Timor) as the best performing provenances for the next selection process and the most promising seed sources to be used in increasing the plantation productivity at Lad Krating. Keywords: Eucalyptus urophylla, provenance trial, growth characteristics

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Growth characteristics of a wide range of provenance trial of Eucalyptus urophylla established at Lad Krating Plantation, Chachoengsao Province were assessed at 20 years of age. The trial was established to ascertain the extent of variation within the species, identify promising sources for the immediate seed supply and provide information on superior sources for selection. The trial consisted of 18 provenances representing six islands in Indonesia, viz. Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, and Timor. Results from the present study indicated that there were significant differences in survival, tree height, clear bole, diameter at 10 cm above ground level (DIO), and diameter at breast height (Dbh) among provenances. Meanwhile, the difference in crown diameter among provenances was insignificant. The present results recommended 6 provenances, viz. \u27 Mt. Lewotobi (Flores), Mt. Wasbilla (Pantar), Mt. Kerbau (Lomblen), Mt. Lewerok (Flores), Ampui (Alor), and Mt. Lakaan (Timor) as the best performing provenances for the next selection process and the most promising seed sources to be used in increasing the plantation productivity at Lad Krating. Keywords: Eucalyptus urophylla, provenance trial, growth characteristics

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia mangium ja Melia azedarach puuviljelmien lajeina Thaimaassa.

The profitability of fast-growing trees was investigated in the northeastern and eastern provinces of Thailand. The financial, economic, and tentative environmental-economic profitability was determined separately for three fast-growing plantation tree species and for three categories of plantation managers: the private industry, the state (the Royal Forest Department) and the farmers. Fast-growing tree crops were also compared with teak (Tectona grandis), a traditional medium or long rotation species, and Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) which presently is the most common cultivated tree in Thailand. The optimal rotation for Eucalyptus camaldulensis pulpwood production was eight years. This was the most profitable species in pulpwood production. In sawlog production Acacia mangium and Melia azedarach showed a better financial profitability. Para rubber was more profitable and teak less profitable than the three fast-growing species. The economic profitability was higher than the financial one, and the tentative environmental-economic profitability was slightly higher than the economic profitability. The profitability of tree growing is sensitive to plantation yields and labour cost changes and especially to wood prices. Management options which aim at pulpwood production are more sensitive to input or output changes than those options which include sawlog production. There is an urgent need to improve the growth and yield data and to study the environmental impacts of tree plantations for all species and plantation types

Resistentie in de bodem. Deelrapport project Antibiotica in de bodem

Terwijl antibioticum-resistentie in ziekenhuizen en landbouwhuisdieren relatief goed onderzocht is, is veel minder bekend over het optreden van resistentie in het milieu. Een mogelijk belangrijke bron van resistentie in het milieu is het uitrijden van mest van intensief gehouden landbouwhuisdieren op landbouwgronden. In deze studie werd een pilot-onderzoek verricht naar de rol van bemesting met varkensdrijfmest voor resistentie in zandige landbouwgronden. Er werd gekozen voor een veld-benadering, waarbij drie bedrijven tijdens de periode van bemesting regelmatig werden bemonstert (vlak voor, en een dag, een week en vier weken na de bemesting). Op elk bedrijf werd in de nabijheid van de veldlocatie ook een referentielocatie gekozen, om de lange termijn effecten van bemesting te kunnen vergelijken met een soortgelijke, maar niet bemestte grond

Tetracycline resistance genes persist in soil amended with cattle feces independently from chlortetracycline selection pressure

Antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes originating from animal waste represent environmental pollutants with possible human health consequences. In this study, we addressed the question whether chlortetracycline (CTC) residues in soils can act as selective pressure enhancing the persistence of tetracycline (TC-r) resistance genes in grassland soils receiving cattle feces. We performed a soil microcosm experiment, using 3 grassland soils with different management history, which were incubated with feces from conventionally raised dairy cows. The microcosms included treatments with a low dose (0.2 mg kg(-1)), a high dose (100 mg kg(-1)) and no CTC. The presence and abundance of TC-r genes tet(O), tet(Q) and tet(W) and the intI1 gene coding for class 1 integrase were assessed with real-time PCR after 0, 14, 28, 56 and 86 d of incubation. The genes tet(Q) and intI1 persisted in all feces-containing treatments for at least 28 d, and tet(W) and tet(0) for at least 86 d, though they went close to limits of quantification after 14-28 d in most cases. The soil, but not the dose of CTC, significantly affected the gene persistence. Concluding, certain TC-r genes originating from cattle feces may persist in soil for several months independently from antibiotic selection pressure. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved