39 research outputs found
Development of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Barberin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
A simple, accurate, precise spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of barberin (BRN). The optimum condition for the analysis of the BRN was studied. BRN was subjected to stress degradation under different conditions like acidic, alkali, neutral, oxidation, photolytic, and thermal degradation as per recommended by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The samples thus prepared were used for degradation studies by with the developed method. The lambda max i.e. absorption maxima found at 348 nm and calibration curve linear over the range of 0-40 µg /ml. The standard regression equation and correlation coefficient fond to be y = 0.02x - 0.0189 R² = 0.9982 respectively. % RSD found to be less than one. The accepted limits of accuracy (recovery) were found to be 97.75% and all observed data are within required range which indicates good recovery value. LOD and LOQ found to be 0.0529 µg /ml and 0.2167 µg /ml respectively by developed UV spectroscopic method
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Lifting the Veil: The Benefits of Cost Transparency
A firm’s costs are typically tightly-guarded secrets. However, across a field study and six laboratory experiments we identify when and why firms benefit from revealing unit cost information to consumers. A natural field experiment conducted with an online retailer suggests that cost transparency boosts sales. Six subsequent controlled lab experiments replicate this basic effect (Studies 2-6) and provide evidence for why it occurs: just as interpersonal disclosure of intimate information increases attraction, cost transparency by a firm increases brand attraction, in turn boosting consumer purchase interest. This relationship persists even after controlling for perceptions of price fairness and product quality (Study 3). Study 4 suggests that the beneficial effect of cost transparency holds when firms spend more on “less desirable” costs relative to “more desirable” costs. Studies 5-6 show that the effect of cost transparency weakens when high profit margins are made salient. Finally, Study 7 shows that the beneficial effect reverses (i.e. cost transparency backfires) when it is revealed that a firm’s profit margins are high relative to those of its competitors
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Paying Up for Fair Pay: Consumers Prefer Firms with Lower CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios
Prior research examining consumer expectations of equity and price fairness has not addressed wage fairness, as measured by a firm’s pay ratio. Pending legislation will require American public companies to disclose the pay ratio of CEO wage to the average employee’s wage. Our six studies show that pay ratio disclosure affects purchase intention of consumers via perceptions of wage fairness. The disclosure of a retailer’s high pay ratio (e.g., 1000 to 1) reduces purchase intention relative to firms with lower ratios (e.g., 5 to 1 or 60 to 1, Studies 1A, 1B, and 1C). Lower pay ratios improve consumer perceptions across a range of products at different price points (Study 2A and 2B), increase consumer ratings of both firm warmth and firm competence (Study 3), and enhance perceptions of Democrats and Independents without alienating Republican consumers (Study 4). A firm with a high ratio must offer a 50% price discount to garner as favorable consumer impressions as a firm that charges full price but features a lower ratio (Study 5)
Design, synthesis and characterisation of a disulphide appended sugar bis-triazole
1364-1368In this work, sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide was synthesized, characterized and the molecular structure is confirmed through different spectral techniques like NMR (1H, 13C), FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Since the target molecule possesses suitable core moiety, we anticipate that the synthesized sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide derivative can act as a sensor
Design, synthesis and characterisation of a disulphide appended sugar bis-triazole
In this work, sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide was synthesized, characterized and the molecular structure is confirmed through different spectral techniques like NMR (1H, 13C), FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Since the target molecule possesses suitable core moiety, we anticipate that the synthesized sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide derivative can act as a sensor
Griseofulvin stabilizes microtubule dynamics, activates p53 and inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells synergistically with vinblastine
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Griseofulvin, an antifungal drug, has recently been shown to inhibit proliferation of various types of cancer cells and to inhibit tumor growth in athymic mice. Due to its low toxicity, griseofulvin has drawn considerable attention for its potential use in cancer chemotherapy. This work aims to understand how griseofulvin suppresses microtubule dynamics in living cells and sought to elucidate the antimitotic and antiproliferative action of the drug.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effects of griseofulvin on the dynamics of individual microtubules in live MCF-7 cells were measured by confocal microscopy. Immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effects of griseofulvin on spindle microtubule organization, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Further, interactions of purified tubulin with griseofulvin were studied <it>in vitro </it>by spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry. Docking analysis was performed using autodock4 and LigandFit module of Discovery Studio 2.1.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Griseofulvin strongly suppressed the dynamic instability of individual microtubules in live MCF-7 cells by reducing the rate and extent of the growing and shortening phases. At or near half-maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration, griseofulvin dampened the dynamicity of microtubules in MCF-7 cells without significantly disrupting the microtubule network. Griseofulvin-induced mitotic arrest was associated with several mitotic abnormalities like misaligned chromosomes, multipolar spindles, misegregated chromosomes resulting in cells containing fragmented nuclei. These fragmented nuclei were found to contain increased concentration of p53. Using both computational and experimental approaches, we provided evidence suggesting that griseofulvin binds to tubulin in two different sites; one site overlaps with the paclitaxel binding site while the second site is located at the αβ intra-dimer interface. In combination studies, griseofulvin and vinblastine were found to exert synergistic effects against MCF-7 cell proliferation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The study provided evidence suggesting that griseofulvin shares its binding site in tubulin with paclitaxel and kinetically suppresses microtubule dynamics in a similar manner. The results revealed the antimitotic mechanism of action of griseofulvin and provided evidence suggesting that griseofulvin alone and/or in combination with vinblastine may have promising role in breast cancer chemotherapy.</p