Dysphagia in an adult tetralogy of fallot with double aortic arch

Double aortic arch (DAA) is a common vascular ring. It may occur in isolation or coexist with various types of congenital heart disease . The anomaly usually presents in early infancy. This reports a 23yr old male presenting with dysphagia, who was found to have a double aortic arch and tetralogy of Fallot .Both lesions were successfully corrected surgically.peer-reviewe

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) - a review

With an increasing number of adult patients coming to the orthodontic clinic, the orthodontic professional is constantly looking for ways to accelerate tooth movement. Surgical intervention to affect the alveolar housing and tooth movement has been described in various forms for over a hundred years. However, it is the spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration in orthodontics has expanded the realm of traditional orthodontic tooth movement protocols. Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a clinical procedure that combines selective alveolar corticotomy, particulate bone grafting, and the application of orthodontic forces. This procedure is theoretically based on the bone healing pattern known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). PAOO results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increased post treatment stability, and decreased amount of apical root resorption. Tooth movement can be enhanced and cases completed with increased alveolar volume providing for a more intact periodontium, decreased need for extractions, degree of facial remodeling and increased bone support for teeth and overlying soft tissues, thereby augmenting gingival and facial esthetics.The purpose of this article is to describe the history, biology, clinical surgical procedures, indications, contraindications and possible complications of the PAOO procedure

Morphological, cultural and pathogenic variability in Alternaria brassicae, the causing agent of black spot of rapeseed and mustard

The study on pathogenic diversity of twenty isolates of Alternaria brassicae collected from different locations of Uttarakhand and Central Uttar Pradesh infecting Brassica species (Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Eruca sativa) revealed that there was a distinct difference among isolates in terms of mycelial growth, spore length, width, spore beak length and width. The average spore length varied from 21.23?m to 38.13?m with minimum of isolate AUA-19, AUA-43 i.e 21.23?m and maximum of AUA-47 i.e. 38.13?m . The isolates tested on Brassica juncea var.Varuna in green house conditions revealed that all the twenty isolates behaved differently. Among all the isolates, Brassica juncea isolates i.e. AUA-25, AUA-39, AUA-41, AUA-47, AUA-19, AUA-24, AUA-22, AUA-21, AUA-31, AUA-43 and AUA-45 from Uttarakhand, and AUP-29 from Central Uttar Pradesh can be grouped into highly pathogenic with range of Alternaria spot size i.e. 5.03-8.30mm in diameter, while isolate of Eruca sativa i.e. AUA-38 was found least pathogenic with 1.63mm in dia. and eight isolates AUA-18, AUA-20, AUA-23, AUP-28, AUA-32, AUA-33 and AUA-36 were found moderately pathogenic. This study will be useful in developing integrated management strategies of Alternaria leaf spot and breeding programs of oilseed crops (Brassica sp.)

Minimal invasive dentistry – An emerging trend in pediatric dentistry: A review

Modern dentistry has evolved into minimally invasive approach. Natural human enamel and dentin are still the best dental materials in existence and thus “minimally invasive procedures” that conserve a great part of the original, healthy tooth structure, are being focused on. The application of “minimally invasive restorative dentistry” can be justified on the grounds that no restorative material can adequately replace natural tooth structure for the long-term and hence its preservation is of paramount importance. Dentistry has witnessed an era of development of new techniques and instruments that make conservative dentistry in true sense - A practical possibility, and ultra conservative dentistry a realit

Essays in political economy

In my thesis, I focus on the relationship between the citizen and the state. The first chapter explores how enfranchised immigrants affect politicians’ behaviour. I study the unique UK context, where immigrants from Ireland and the Commonwealth have voting rights in all elections immediately upon arrival, but these rights are not accorded to other immigrants. I analyse how politicians discuss immigration using text analysis of the universe of speeches in the UK parliament and how MPs vote on immigration bills between 1972 and 2011. I find that politicians exposed to higher enfranchised immigration spend more time in the parliament discussing issues that affect immigrants positively, yet they vote to increase immigration restrictions. The second chapter examines the causal relationship between messages from political leaders and voters’ receptivity to them. We study this question using the 2019 national election in India, where Prime Minister Modi’s speeches focused on his aggressive response to deadly attacks on soldiers. Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that the vote share of the PM’s incumbent party increased by 4.6 percentage points in the home constituencies of dead soldiers. Text analysis of PMs’ speeches reveals that only deaths referenced by him affect public opinion. The third chapter studies how election designs can influence the degree of effective decentralization. Voters in decentralized democracies make voting decisions in multiple elections across tiers, often on the same day. We estimate the importance of cognitive costs shaping voters’ decision-making processes, final decisions, and electoral outcomes across tiers. We show that simultaneous elections increase political parties’ salience among voters and increase straight-ticket voting with minimal effects on turnout, and no effect on candidate selection. Consequently, the likelihood of the same political party winning constituencies in both tiers increases by 21.6%

Effect of different storage conditions and seed treatments on seed viability in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

The present investigation was carried out in laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technolo-gy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh from the April 2013 to April 2015, wherein two kg of freshly harvested quality seed of soybean cv. Gujarat Junagadh Soybean 3 having high germination percentage and low moisture content (below 8%) was taken for each repetition and for each combination of treat-ments. The treatment consisted of two storage conditions (C) viz., C1 (Ambient temperature) and C2 (Cold storage at 7oC + 2oC), and five seed treatments (S) viz., S1 = Control, S2 = Carbendazim @ 2g/kg seed, S3 = Mancozeb @ 2g/ kg seed, S4 = Neem leaf powder @ 10g/kg seed, and S5 = Neem Oil @ 5 ml/kg seed. The experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) repeated three times. After proper mixing or smearing the seeds as per the treatments, seeds were packed in cloth bag and kept in laboratory under two different storage conditions. Observations were recorded at 90 days interval on germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), seed vigour index I, seed vigour index II and seed moisture content (%). The results revealed that storage condition (C) and seed treatments (S) exhibited significant differences almost for the all the traits for germination and seedling parameters after 2 years of storage. The results of soybean seed stored in two different storage conditions showed that on an average, the seed stored under cold storage (70C + 20C) noted higher values for all the traits studied except seed moisture content after 2 years of storage. Among the seed treatments, on an average, after 2 years of seed storage, significantly (P<0.05) higher values were recorded by all the seed treatments over the control. However, seed treated with Mancozeb @ 2g/kg of seed recorded the significantly highest germination percentage (71.50 %) and it was at par with Neem leaf powder @ 10 g / kg seed (70.67%) and Carbendazim @ 2g /kg seed (69.67%) after 2 years of storage. The germination percentage noted in control treatment was 33.17 per cent after 2 years of storage. An ISTA standard for germination in soybean is 70 per cent. Most of the interactions effects were found significant (P<0.05) for all the traits studied

Effect of storage conditions, packing materials and seed treatments on viability and seedling vigour of onion (Allium cepa l.) seeds

The present investigation was carried out from July 2013 to July 2015, wherein 100 g of fresh quality seed of onion cv. GWO 1 was having high germination percentage and moisture content below 8 per cent. The treatment consisted of two storage conditions (C) viz., C1 (Ambient temperature) and C2 (Cold storage at 70C + 20C); two packing materials (P) viz., P1 = Cloth Bag and P2 = Polythene Bag (500 gauge = 125 µ), and five seed treatments (S) viz., S1 = Control, S2 = Carbendazim @ 2g/kg seed, S3 = Mancozeb @ 2g/kg seed, S4 = Thirum @ 3g/kg seed, and S5 = Neem leaf powder @ 10g / kg seed. After proper mixing or smearing the seeds as per the treatments, seeds were packed and stored as per treatments. Observations were recorded at 90 days interval on viability and vigour parameters. The results revealed that seed stored under cold storage (7±2 °C) and in polyethylene bags (500 gauge) noted significantly higher values for all the characters even after two years of storage. All the treatment combinations of seed stored under cold storage gave more than 70 per cent germination (As per ISTA standard) even after two years of storage, of which, seed treated with thirum @ 3g/kg seed was the best treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that seed of onion can be stored up to two year in cold storage packed in polyethylene bag without or with seed treatment without deterioration in germination and seedling vigour

Changing trends in fetomaternal outcome in COVID-19 in pregnancy

Background: This study is to provide an overview of the clinical course and outcome of COVID in pregnancy in both first wave and second wave, to study about different parameters affected significantly in both waves.Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study that was conducted by dividing the patients into group 1 and group 2. Group 1 was treated in 2020 (wave 1) whereas group 2 in 2021 (wave 2). A laboratory confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women were included. All the patients were further categorized into mild, moderate and severe subgroups according to the ICMR criteria. Results: The study of the first (2020) and second (2021) wave of COVID-19. In group 1 and group 2, there were a total of 359 cases and 145 cases respectively. In group 1, there were 54/359 (15.04%) moderate cases and in group 2 there were 17/145 (11.72%) moderate cases. While there were 101/359 (28.13%) and 106/145 (73.10%) severe cases in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Most of severe cases of second group associated with breathlessness, tachypnoea and fall in oxygen saturation level ended with mechanical ventilation by O2 mask (7.54%), NRBM (8.49%), HFNC (14.15%), BIPAP (12.26%), invasive ventilation (22.64%). Conclusions: The results of study show that hospitalized patients in the second wave were younger, required hospitalization, and had higher mortality rates

Genome-wide analysis of the PreA/PreB (QseB/QseC) regulon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Salmonella </it>PreA/PreB two-component system (TCS) is an ortholog of the QseBC TCS of <it>Escherichia coli</it>. In both <it>Salmonella </it>and <it>E. coli</it>, this system has been shown to affect motility and virulence in response to quorum-sensing and hormonal signals, and to affect the transcription of the <it>Salmonella enterica </it>serovar Typhimurium (<it>S</it>. Typhimurium) <it>pmrAB </it>operon, which encodes an important virulence-associated TCS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To determine the PreA/PreB regulon in <it>S</it>. Typhimurium, we performed DNA microarrays comparing the wild type strain and various <it>preA </it>and/or <it>preB </it>mutants in the presence of ectopically expressed <it>preA </it>(<it>qseB</it>). These data confirmed our previous findings of the negative effect of PreB on PreA gene regulation and identified candidate PreA-regulated genes. A proportion of the activated loci were previously identified as PmrA-activated genes (<it>yibD</it>, <it>pmrAB</it>, <it>cptA</it>, etc.) or were genes located in the local region around <it>preA</it>, including the <it>preAB </it>operon. The transcriptional units were defined in this local region by RT-PCR, suggesting three PreA activated operons composed of <it>preA-preB</it>, <it>mdaB-ygiN</it>, and <it>ygiW</it>-STM3175. Several putative virulence-related phenotypes were examined for <it>preAB </it>mutants, resulting in the observation of a host cell invasion and slight virulence defect of a <it>preAB </it>mutant. Contrary to previous reports on this TCS, we were unable to show a PreA/PreB-dependent effect of the quorum-sensing signal AI-2 or of epinephrine on <it>S</it>. Typhimurium with regard to bacterial motility.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This work further characterizes this unorthadox OmpR/EnvZ class TCS and provides novel candidate regulated genes for further study. This first in-depth study of the PreA/PreB regulatory system phenotypes and regulation suggests significant comparative differences to the reported function of the orthologous QseB/QseC in <it>E. coli</it>.</p