Multi-objective optimization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with newly developed resin (NDR) using gray relational analysis

Purpose: It is seen that little amount of work on optimization of mechanical properties taking into consideration the combined effect of design variables such as stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates has been carried out. The focus of this research work is on the optimization of the design variables like stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates which affect the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. For this purpose, the Taguchi technique and the method of gray relational analysis (GRA) are used to identify the optimum combination of design variables. In this case, the effect of the abovementioned design variables, particularly of the newly developed resin (NDR) on mechanical properties of hybrid composites has been investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The Taguchi method is used for design of experiments and with gray relational grade (GRG) approach, the optimization is done. Findings: From the experimental analysis and optimization study, it was seen that the NDR gives excellent bonding strength of fibers resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates. With the GRA method, the initial setting (A3B2C4D2) was having GRG 0.866. It was increased by using a new optimum combination (A2B2C4D1) to 0.878. It means that there is an increment in the grade by 1.366%. Therefore, using the GRA approach of analysis, design variables have been successfully optimized to achieve enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates. Originality/value: This is an original research work

Extra medullary multiple myeloma of knees: a case report

Multiple myeloma is defined as an incurable, complex, and rare malignant disease of the plasma cells. Multiple myeloma is characterized by uninhibited proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Extramedullary disease is characterized by the presence of clonal plasma cell infiltrate adjacent to soft tissues or distant from the bone marrow in patients with underlying MM. Survival of patients with MM is low. A 65-year-old female reports to the outpatient clinics with pain in the left lower limb for over 2 months. The patient had loss of range of motion. True-cut biopsy revealed multiple myeloma of synovial sarcoma. Extramedullary disease is considered as an uncommon manifestation of multiple myeloma. It is either a newly diagnosed disease or evolves with repeated relapses. There is no clear data on the incidence of extramedullary disease. Since there is a no standard treatment for extramedullary disease, its prognosis remains poor

Optimization of design variables for carbon/glass hybrid composites laminates using the Taguchi Technique

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significance of disparate design variables on the mechanical properties of the composite laminate. Four design variables such as stacking sequence, stacking angle, types of resins and thickness of laminate have been chosen to analyze the impact on mechanical properties of the composite laminate. The detailed investigation is carried out to analyze the effect of a carbon layer in stacking sequence and investigate the impact of various resins on the fastening strength of fibers, stacking angles of the fibers and the thickness of the laminate

Body composition in coronary artery disease in KONKAN region of India-Is non- obesity an indicator of Coronary Artery Disease?

 Background India is witnessing a rising prevalence of non communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease. This is attributed to rapid nutrition and lifestyle transition taking place since last 2 decades. Obesity is a well known independent risk factor   but very little information is available about role of leanness (low BMI). We investigated whether non-obesity could be an independent risk factor for Coronary artery disease in a rural clinic in KONKAN.    Methods  In a cross sectional study we studied body composition of 300 patients (207 men) who underwent Coronary angiography in a rural hospital in KONKAN region.  History of diabetes, hypertension and history smoking, tobacco chewing was recorded. Body composition was estimated using bio-impedance analyser. Based on results of coronary angiography, we generated a SYNTAX score derived by number of vessels involved and classified them into groups of severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).     Results There were 95 (31 %) diabetes and 189 (63%) hypertensive patients in the sample and 60% of them smoked or chewed tobacco. There were 43 (28 males) patients with SYNTAX score of zero. Among those with coronary artery disease (n=257) increasing severity of CAD   was associated with lower body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and ejection fraction as against positive trend for lean mass and visceral fat.   Conclusion BMI, fat mass decreased with severity of CAD while lean mass and visceral fat increased. We observed high proportion of CAD in underweight and lean KONKAN adults. These findings need further investigations

Flexible, Low-Voltage, Metal Oxide Thin Film Transistors (TFT) and Circuits for Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT)

Multifunctional flexible electronics are booming in many ways. Flexible electronics have opened up a world of possibilities for their widespread use in smart electronics such as artificial electronic-skin (e-skin), flexible displays, consumer electronics, implantable devices. Flexible devices and sensors are paramount in order to realize the true potential of flexible electronics, wearable eco-systems, biomedical and anticipated pervasive Internet of Things (IoT). With special properties like enhanced flexibility, light weight and conformability, flexible technology allows a seamless system integration. Although today's modern electronics are capable of performing everyday needs in existing applications, flexible electronics can provide potential solutions for many as yet unseen applications which requires lower processing capacity, low cost as well as thin, lightweight and environmentally friendly products. To fulfill the needs of a diverse range of applications, next-generation flexible electronics should be engineered with added flexibility and mechanical deformability, by exploring new materials and tactics to overcome the limits of traditional methods. At the moment, enhanced device performance, greater integration density, fabrication cost and advanced functionality are propelling the traditional silicon semiconductor technology and electronics industry forward, servicing traditional macro-electronic sectors (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, routers, automotive). This unquenchable need for higher performing electronic devices necessitates new technological advances and keeps costs high. The overall performance of modern silicon-based devices and technologies are reaching new levels. With the ballooning consumer electronics needs; the global semiconductor industry is expected to remain growing robustly. But rather than competing with well-developed rigid silicon devices, the goal for flexible electronics is to improve the efficiency of current stateof- the-art thin film transistors (TFTs), required for low energy flexible wearables and Internet of Things (IoT), and mature these designs for low-cost, printable manufacturing. Thin film transistors (TFTs) are among the most important thin film devices and can form the foundation of any electronic system and application. In this regard, metal oxide semiconductors are viewed as a potential candidate for flexible electronics, due to a broad range of properties, such as a large band gap, high optical transparency, high mobility, and solution processable deposition at low temperatures compared to CMOS processes. However, despite a dedicated effort by the research community and industry, metal oxide thin film transistors still face great challenges being used in flexible electronics, wearables, and Internet of Things (IoT), such as operating voltage, switching speed, on-off ratio, process temperature and gate dielectric deposition compatible for flexible substrates. The present thesis investigates solution-processed metal-oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) and inverter circuits for flexible electronics. The low-voltage (< 3 V) thin film transistors using indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as the active channel semiconductor were fabricated on solid (glass) and flexible (polyimide) substrates. The low-voltage operating thin film transistors were accomplished by following low temperature solution processing and room-temperature anodization routes for metal oxide semiconductor and gate oxide dielectric deposition, respectively. The incorporation of anodized high-κ aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for gate dielectric into the TFT fabrication process has significantly helped to reduce operating and threshold voltages while also improving carrier mobility. On the other hand, solution processing allows low-temperature, large-area deposition while lowering fabrication costs. The solution-processed metal-oxide TFTs show excellent electrical performance, at a low gate voltage (Vg), which could enable novel applications in flexible electronics. Along with electrical characterization, bending performance and SPICE simulation results are also presented. Furthermore, thorough thin film characterization and interface analysis between oxide semiconductor and gate dielectric were performed, using various characterization techniques, such as C-V (Capacitance-voltage) profiling, AFM (atomic force microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and TLM (transfer length measurement). Additionally, a low-voltage flexible inverter circuit using solution-processed metal-oxide thin film transistors was fabricated and characterized. The results indicate that flexible, low voltage operating devices and circuits enable a viable alternative to silicon dominated semiconductor devices, and hence a path forward, for wearables and Internet of Things (IoT)

Optimization of dynamic properties of hybrid composite shaft with newly developed resin (NDR) using grey relational analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find the impact of various design variables on the composite shaft, and also the effect of newly developed resin (NDR) on the strength of the fibers of the composite shaft. Design/methodology/approach: The Taguchi method is used to optimize the design variables. Also, GRG approach is used to validate the result. Findings: NDR improves the bonding strength of fiber than the epoxy resin. With the grey relational analysis (GRA) method, the initial setting (A1B4C4D1) was having grey relational grade 0.957. It was enhanced by using a new optimum combination (A2B2C4D2) to 0.965. It indicates that there is an enhancement in the grade by 0.829 percent. Thus, using the GRA approach of analysis, design variables have been successfully optimized to achieve improved dynamic properties of hybrid composite shaft. Originality/value: The findings of this research are helping to optimize the design variables for the composite shaft. Also, the NDR gives the good bonding strength of carbon/glass fibers in dynamic loading condition than the epoxy resin

CRIMINAL SPOT DETECTION

The aim of this system is to develop an application that can provide up to-date information about the security level of a particular place that can be estimated by application users by viewing vulnerability information, ,and developing applications that Can make it easy for people closest to get the latest information in the form of location of the users and can shorten the steps needed to provide information to the relatives if they feel unsafe. The benefit of this system is that the closest people can take action as quickly as possible when the user of the application is in a state of danger, increasing the security and quiet of the users of the application because of its location can be monitored by its relatives, and increase the knowledge of its users about the places around it which will Increase his self-awareness .suppose particular person saw that the crime is happening then the person can take photograph of it and upload it on our application. So, because of it police can find the location of that person where the crime is happening. Based on such information police can able to reach to that location and they are able to take some actions against it.also we are using panic mode in it which shares the location of crime spot to police and admin. Also it gives emergency auto dialing feature

A case report of high-grade astroblastoma in a young adult

Astroblastoma is an uncommon neuroepithelial primary tumor of the brain which is of uncertain origin. We present a case of high-grade astroblastoma in an 18-year-old female with a severe headache, loss of appetite, vomiting and generalized weakness. The patient had undergone a right frontoparietal craniotomy. Large subfalcine meningioma was excised. The lesion was suspected to be a meningioma. Primary radiological investigation revealed a 6.8 cm × 5.8 cm × 5.4 cm lesion. Although the radiological and intraoperative findings were of an extra-axial tumor, the histology and immunophenotype was of an astroblastoma. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy regimen. The patient was later treated with bi-weekly bevacizumab. The patient had improved symptomatically post-chemotherapy. However, there was no significant difference in lesion size. The patient died after 2 weeks. The prognosis of patients with astroblastoma is extremely poor as observed in our case

Flexible, solution-processed, indium oxide (In2O3) thin film transistors (TFT) and circuits for internet-of-things (IoT)

Over the last decade, novel approaches to explore low voltage flexible devices and low power flexible circuits are being widely researched by the scientific community. To realize the true potential of energy thrifty Internet-of-Things (IoT) objects, low power circuits and hence their low-voltage operating devices are a paramount prerequisite, especially when their power is constrained by autonomous energy scavenging. At present, through advanced manufacturing processes, silicon-based semiconductor devices are powering the modern electronics industry. However, processing temperatures are inhibiting them from flexible and printed electronics, as well as being too costly for scalability to the trillions of IoT objects anticipated. Therefore, development of solution-processed metal oxide semiconductors creates huge opportunities for IoT and wearables. Here, flexible solution-processed indium oxide (In2O3) thin film transistors (TFT) and inverter circuits with low operating voltage are reported. The operating voltage of the TFTs is ≤ 3 V with threshold voltage (Vth) 0.82 V, on/off ratio 105 and extracted mobility (μ) in saturation regime is 14.5 cm2/V·s. The gain of the inverter at VDD 1, 2 and 3 V was determined to be 10, 22 and 32 respectively. Furthermore, measured transconductance (gm) and subthreshold swing (S) are found to be 140 μS and 0.22 V/dec, respectively.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

2-volt Solution-Processed, Indium Oxide (In2 O3) Thin Film Transistors on flexible Kapton

Semiconductor devices based upon silicon have powered the modern electronics revolution through advanced manufacturing processes. However, the requirement of high temperatures to create crystalline silicon devices has restricted its use in a number of new applications, such as printed and flexible electronics. Thus, developments with high mobility solution-processable metal oxides, surpassing α-Si in many instances, is opening a new era for flexible and wearable electronics. However, high operating voltages and relatively high deposition temperatures required for metal oxides remain impediments for the flexible devices. Here, the fabrication of low operating voltage, flexible thin film transistors (TFT) using a solution processed indium oxide In2 O3) channel material with room temperature deposited anodized high-κ aluminum oxide (Al2 O3) for gate dielectrics are reported. The flexible TFTs operates at low voltage Vds of 2 V, with threshold voltage Vth 0.42 V, on/off ratio 103 and subthreshold swing (SS) 420 mV/dec. The electron mobility (μ), extracted from the saturation regime, is 2.85 cm2/V.s and transconductance, gm, is 38 μS.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe