Optimization of the Extraction of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity from Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Fruit by Response Surface Methodology

The purpose of this research was to optimize the extraction conditions of polyphenols from murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth) using the response surface methodology. Temperature (from 10 to 70°C), acetone concentration (from 10 to 100%), extraction time (from 0 to 160 min), and solid-liquid ratio (from 20 to 140 mg/mL) were investigated as independent variables in order to obtain the optimal conditions for extraction and to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of obtained extracts. Experimental results were fitted to the second-order polynomial model where multiple regression and analysis of variance were used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal condition for investigated responses. The solid-liquid did not interfere in the two responses. The results showed that for TPC extraction, the optimal conditions were obtained with an acetone concentration of 44%, a temperature of 29°C, and an extraction time of 51 min. For DPPH, the optimal conditions were the following: an acetone concentration of 45%, a temperature of 40°C, and an extraction time of 53 min. The use of such conditions allowed the maximum extraction of antioxidant murici at a lower cost of production, which may contribute to large-scale industrial applications and future pharmacological research

Primeiro registro de Astrocaryum G. Mey. (Arecaceae) no Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil

We document here the first record of Astrocaryum G.Mey. for Ceará State, Brazil. A. vulgare Mart., a species formerly known only to the Brazilian states of Amapá, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás, and Maranhão, was collected in areas of the Coastal Vegetation Complex, whose floristic composition is influenced by both the Caatinga and Cerrado domains. This finding expands our knowledge on the geographic distribution of this species in Brazil, contributing to its conservation and to future biogeographic studies. We present ecological, morphological and taxonomic data, a distribution map, photographs and illustrations, and update its conservation status.Este estudo reporta o primeiro registro de Astrocaryum G.Mey. para o estado do Ceará, Brasil. A. vulgare Mart., uma espécie conhecida apenas para os estados brasileiros de Amapá, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás e Maranhão. Foi coletada em áreas do Complexo Vegetacional Litorâneo, cuja composição florística é influenciada pelos domínios da Caatinga e Cerrado. Este achado amplia o nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica desta espécie no Brasil, contribuindo para sua conservação e futuros estudos biogeográficos. Apresentamos, dados ecológicos, morfológicos e taxonômicos, mapa de distribuição, fotografias e ilustrações e seu status de conservação atualizado.&nbsp

Requerimentos de polinização de variedades de minimelancia com e sem semente cultivadas em ambiente protegido

The objective of this work was to evaluate the floral biology and pollination requirements of seeded and seedless mini watermelon varieties, and to determine the best varieties to cultivate under protected environment. Three seedless (HA‑5106, HA‑5158, and HA‑5161) and two seeded (Minipol and Polimore) genotypes were tested. Flowers were monitored from the pre‑anthesis stage to senescence, and fruit quality was also evaluated. The evaluated treatments were hand‑geitonogamous pollination (MG), cross‑pollination with pollen from the Polimore variety (MCP), cross‑pollination with pollen from the Minipol variety (MCM), and restricted pollination. All varieties had monoecious plants with diclinous flowers, and the stigmas remained receptive throughout anthesis. Fruit set rates of 84.62% (MG), 61.54% (MCP), 48% (MCM), and 0% (restricted) were obtained for seeded varieties, but of 0% (MG), 76.36% (MCP), 82.69% (MCM), and 0% (restricted) for seedless varieties. Fruits did not differ in quality among treatments within each genotype. Therefore, all the studied varieties require a pollination agent and diploid pollen for fruit set to occur, regardless of the donor variety; and Minipol or Polimore with HA‑5106 or HA‑5158 are the varieties recommended for cultivation in protected environment.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia floral e os requerimentos de polinização de variedades de minimelancia com e sem sementes, e determinar as melhores variedades para cultivo em ambiente protegido. Três genótipos sem semente (HA‑5106, HA‑5158 e HA‑5161) e dois com semente (Minipol e Polimore) foram testados. As flores foram monitoradas da pré‑antese à senescência, e a qualidade dos frutos também foi avaliada. Avaliaram-se tratamentos de polinização manual por geitonogamia (MG), de pólen cruzado da variedade Polimore (MCP), de pólen cruzado da variedade Minipol (MCM) e de polinização restrita. Todas as variedades apresentaram plantas monoicas e flores díclinas, e os estigmas permaneceram receptivos durante toda a antese. Foram obtidas taxas de vingamento de 84,62% (MG), 61,54% (MCP), 48% (MCM) e 0% (restrita) para as variedades com semente, mas de 0% (MG), 76,36% (MCP), 82,69% (MCM) e 0% (restrita) para aquelas sem semente. Os frutos não diferiram quanto à qualidade entre os tratamentos dentro de cada genótipo. Portanto, todas as variedades estudadas requerem um agente polinizador e pólen diploide para o vingamento de frutos, independentemente da variedade doadora; e Minipol ou Polimore com HA‑5106 ou HA‑5158 são as variedades recomendadas para cultivo em ambiente protegido

Political, Historical and Social Features of the Human Right to Health: A Brief Interdisciplinary Review of the Literature

The consecration of the right to physical and mental integrity at the time of the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946 and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN) in 1948 established the human right of access to health. Conversely, the practical guarantee of this right has gone through many nuances since then, so that today the process of its implementation is closely related to the political, historical and social aspects of each country, demanding from the administrative power an interdisciplinary look for this issue. The problem that involves this conjuncture drives the researchers of this field to question themselves: what is the role of the State in this right? What is the performance of health professionals in fact? Is it possible to achieve the universality of human rights in an economically and culturally globalized world? In the light of the above, this narrative review aimed to collect in the literature the scenarios that permeate this reality providing tacit examples of how the human right to health is shaped according to the conjunctures of insertion of each community that tries to implement i

Cooperação interorganizacional no setor moveleiro: um estudo de caso à luz da análise de redes sociais

This research aims to analyze the elements involved in the development of interorganizational cooperation networks by assessing the design of Network Association of Cabinetmakers in Fortaleza (AMFOR), from his actors, properties and types. For this purpose, the procedures consist on the analytical tools of social networking through the software and Ucinet NetDraw. The results show that within six years of the Network AMFOR, their level of cooperation could enhance this collective enterprise, generating a reasonable number of regular contacts. However, it was realized the need for investment in the relationships of the actors in order to further consolidate the venture.Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar os elementos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de redes de cooperação interorganizacionais mediante apreciação da concepção da Rede Associação dos Marceneiros de Fortaleza (AMFOR), a partir de seus atores, propriedades e tipologias. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se nas ferramentas de análise de redes sociais por intermédio dos softwares Ucinet e NetDraw. Os resultados apontam que nos seis anos de existência da Rede AMFOR, seu nível de cooperação conseguiu incrementar esse empreendimento coletivo, gerando um número razoável de contatos periódicos. Entretanto, percebeu-se a necessidade de investimento nos relacionamentos dos atores, de forma a consolidar ainda mais o empreendimento

Overview of University Actions Aimed at The Nutrition of Two Indigenous Communities In The Interior of The State of Mato Grosso Do Sul – Brazil: Report of Experience In Public Policies

The diet composed of adequate food is reported in the literature as one of the aspects of health promotion and maintenance, and it is the duty and obligation of the State to promote public policies that seek to meet these needs of the population. However, due to a number of factors, the minority or vulnerable populations end up not benefiting from a good part of the projects in force in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a case study with two indigenous communities living in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, listing the main points related to food practices, evaluation of the state of health in force and measures that help adherence to good food practices. The largest target audience was children from 0 (zero) to 12 (twelve) years, totaling 190 (one hundred and ninety), followed by newborns and puerperals who totaled 14 (fourteen) family nuclei and the elderly population of the community, which totaled 15 (fifteen). The service team was composed of Nutritionist, Health Agent, Social Worker and Nutrition Intern professionals. Several activities were developed, occurring according to the public attended during the different days of visit in the villages, mainly home visits, community actions such as vaccination campaigns, lectures and collective guidance. It is concluded that the measures adopted in public policies related to feeding the indigenous community is a powerful tool to provide the benefits for a better quality of life, well-being and maintenance of the health of indigenous peoples

Food Science from the Perspective of the Nutrition Professional

This work had as thematic the study in analysis of foods from the perspective of the nutrition professional. The objective of the research was to seek the training of this professional for the then analysis of the performance in quality control and formulation of products, with the perspective of assistance to projects carried out on site. This research was conducted in a community cafeteria located in a university in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. As a data collection tool, preparation technical sheets were used in which costs were collected, the preparation order, and the nutritional value provided. Sensory observation was used as an analysis of the data in order to measure and analyze and interpret the reactions of food and material characteristics. It appears that with the identification, attributions and activities developed by a nutritionist in the area, it became possible to analyze the processing of raw material and industrialized food products, according to the needs presented by the site. As for the points not reached were not due to any other factors than those related to the specificities of the research site, which did not prevent the acquisition of theoretical, practical, scientific, social and environmental knowledge of the points concerning the area of action of the nutritionist professional within the field of food science

Nutritional Intervention in the Area of Clinical Nutrition in a Hospital Environment: A Report of Field Experience

The present experience report narrates a nutritional intervention in the area of individual and collective clinical nutrition that took place in a University Hospital (HU) in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. The main objective of this field work was the professional training for hospital and outpatient nutritional care through general and specific activities performed on site. The specific activities consisted in writing care protocols and standardization of hospital diets while the general activities consisted in the analysis of medical records, survey of clinical diagnoses, proposal of dietotherapic conduct, monitoring of nutritional status, prescription and dietary adequacy, preparation of nutritional guidelines and development, presentation and discussion of clinical cases. This work also reports on the difficulties in implementing and carrying out this intervention agenda and, given the results obtained, it was concluded that the field experience in the hospital area was a valid and beneficial opportunity in which it was possible to harmonize theory with practice

Association of the ABCB1 C3435T gene polymorphism (SNPs) with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer in northeastern Brazil

Introduction: breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death among the female population worldwide. Polymorphisms genetics of ABCB1 gene contributed to breast cancer susceptibility and interindividual differences in chemotherapy response. Objectives: to evaluate the association between the ABCB1 C3435T gene polymorphism (SNPs) with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Methodology: this study included 32 female patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The polymorphisms were genotyped through real-time allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher’s exact test or Pearson’s chi-square test in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: the genotypes found for the C3435T polymorphism were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and their genotypic distributions were CC= 10 (31.1%), CT= 14 (43.8%), and TT= 08 (25.0%) with χ2: 0.86 and p-value > 0.05. Allele frequencies were C = 0.54 and T = 0.46. There were no significant statistical differences between genotypes considering the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunohistochemistry; the presence of the T allele was associated with worsen axillarystatus response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: no definite association between the presence of C3435T polymorphism and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was observed. Further studies in Brazil involving larger samples will contribute to validating the results of this study