Metabolic syndrome in elderly from a northeastern brazilian city

Introduction: Population aging is a global reality. In Brazil, it is so expressive and in 2050 is estimated that the number of men and women over 80 years old can overcome the 20-24 years old population and also children under 14 years old. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a set of cardiovascular risk factors, detection and intervention in this age group may decrease cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly patients in a northeastern Brazilian city. Method: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and population-based study. The population consisted of non-institutionalized individuals aged> 60 years old, attended in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and residents in Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil. For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome we considered the criteria recommended by the International Federation of Diabetes. Results: We studied 351 elderly patients with 72.4+8.7 years old and 66.1% were female. The prevalence of MS was 69.8% and the most frequent criterion was increased waist circumference (82.6%), followed by high triglycerides (81.5%) and low HDL-cholesterol (80.6%). We observed a statistically significant positive association between MS and women [OR: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.63)] and housing in urban areas [OR: 1.23 (1.02 to 1.48)]. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of MS among the elderly mainly in women and those living in urban areas

Pais/responsáveis como coadjuvantes na saúde bucal de seus filhos

To verify the level of knowledge of parents and guardians about dentistry in early childhood, and to analyze sociodemographic variables. This was a field research, observational and cross-sectional with quantitative approach and descriptive and analytical analysis of the data, through questionnaires, which were applied to parents / guardians of children from 0 to 3 years old from municipal daycare centers a city of the Paraíba hinterland. 171 parents or guardians of children enrolled in municipal public day care centers were interviewed. Most of them were predominant females (91.2%), aged 15 to 30 years (63.2%), with monthly family income of up to R $780.00 (67.3$ 780,00 (67,3%), y tenía un nivel de educación predominante en la escuela primaria I (33.9%). La mayoría de los padres / tutores (55.6%) consideraron que la salud oral significaba higiene y eran conscientes de la existencia de odontología para bebés (64.9%). Para el 52.6% de los encuestados, el momento ideal para comenzar la higiene de la cavidad bucal del bebé es desde el nacimiento del primer diente y en el método utilizado para realizar esta higiene, el 53.8% indicó gasa o pañal empapado en agua filtrada. Se observó que el 53.8% informó que la importancia de la higiene oral está relacionada con la salud general del bebé. Los padres y / o tutores de los niños de guarderías públicas demostraron un conocimiento razonable sobre la salud bucal de los niños.Verificar o nível de conhecimento dos pais e responsáveis sobre a odontologia na primeira infância, além de analisar variáveis sociodemográficas. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo, observacional e transversal com abordagem quantitativa e análise descritiva e analítica dos dados, por meio de questionários, que foram aplicados a pais/responsáveis por crianças de 0 a 3 anos de idades de creches municipais de uma cidade do sertão paraíbano. Foram entrevistados 171 pais ou responsáveis por crianças matriculadas em creches públicas de um município do sertão paraibano. Observou-se que a maioria era predominante do gênero feminino (91,2%), com 15 à 30 anos de idade (63,2%), possuíam renda mensal familiar de até R$ 780,00 (67,3%), e tinham nível de escolaridade predominante o fundamental I (33,9%). A maioria dos pais/ responsáveis (55,6%), consideraram que saúde bucal significava higiene e tinham conhecimento sobre a existência da Odontologia para bebês (64,9%). Para 52,6% dos entrevistados, o momento ideal iniciar a higiene da cavidade bucal do bebê é a partir do nascimento do primeiro dente e sobre o método empregado para realizar essa higienização, 53,8% indicaram gaze ou fralda embebida em água filtrada. Foi observado que 53,8% relataram que a importância da higiene bucal está relacionada saúde geral do bebê. Pais e/ou responsáveis por bebês das creches públicas demonstraram um conhecimento razoável, em relação à saúde bucal infantil

Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The leaves and the fruits from <it>Syzygium jambolanum </it>DC.(Myrtaceae), a plant known in Brazil as sweet olive or 'jambolão', have been used by native people to treat infectious diseases, diabetes, and stomachache. Since the bactericidal activity of <it>S. jambolanum </it>has been confirmed <it>in vitro</it>, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>on the <it>in vivo </it>polymicrobial infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>C57Bl/6 mice were treated by the subcutaneous route with a hydroalcoholic extract from fresh leaves of <it>S. jambolanum </it>(HCE). After 6 h, a bacterial infection was induced in the peritoneum using the lethal CLP model. The mice were killed 12 h after the CLP induction to evaluate the cellular influx and local and systemic inflammatory mediators' production. Some animals were maintained alive to evaluate the survival rate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prophylactic HCE treatment increased the mice survival, the neutrophil migration to infectious site, the spreading ability and the hydrogen peroxide release, but decreased the serum TNF and nitrite. Despite the increased migration and activation of peritoneal cells the HCE treatment did not decrease the number of CFU. The HCE treatment induced a significant decrease on the bone marrow cells number but did not alter the cell number of the spleen and lymph node.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>has a potent prophylactic anti-septic effect that is not associated to a direct microbicidal effect but it is associated to a recruitment of activated neutrophils to the infectious site and to a diminished systemic inflammatory response.</p

Um Breve Histórico da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil e sua Inserção no Campo Acadêmico

International audienc

PRODUÇÃO DE ADUBO ORGÂNICO: BENEFICÍOS PARA O MEIO AMBIENTE E AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO SERTÃO DE ALAGOAS

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo dialogar sobre os beneficios da produção de adubos orgânicos para o meio ambiente e para agricultura familiar com ênfase no sertão alagoano. O estudo acerca do tema proposto possui vasta significância, pois, diversos agricultores, bem como, a maioria da população que residem na região sertaneja desconhecem técnicas que visam à produção de fertilizantes naturais e de baixo custo, nessa perspectiva, o compartilhamento dessas informações viabilizará o reaproveitamento de alimentos que possivelmente seriam descartados como lixo. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de leituras bibliográficas sobre a temática, posteriormente, realizamos a prática de elaboração do adubo orgânico, utilizando apenas restos de cascas de vegetais, frutas e ovos. Dessa forma, foi possivel notar a partir dessa experiência que é possivel elaborar adubos caseiros de qualidade, desde que seja realizado o manejo adequado, e que esse recurso é uma solução eficiente para o meio ambiente e para a agricultura familiar

Interaction between Trypanosoma rangeli and the Rhodnius prolixus salivary gland depends on the phosphotyrosine ecto-phosphatase activity of the parasite

Trypanosoma rangeli is the trypanosomatid that colonizes the salivary gland of its insect vector, with a profound impact on the feeding capacity of the insect. In this study we investigated the role of the phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr) ecto-phosphatase activity of T. rangeli in its interaction with Rhodnius prolixus salivary glands. Long but not short epimastigotes adhered to the gland cells and the strength of interaction correlated with the enzyme activity levels in different strains. Differential interference contrast microscopy demonstrated that clusters of parasites are formed in most cases, suggesting cooperative interaction in the adhesion process. The tightness of the correlation was evidenced by modulating the P-Tyr ecto-phosphatase activity with various concentrations of inhibitors. Sodium orthovanadate, ammonium molybdate and zinc chloride decreased the interaction between T. rangeli and R. prolixus salivary glands in parallel. Levamisole, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatases, affected neither process. EDTA strongly inhibited adhesion and P-Tyr ecto-phosphatase activity to the same extent, an effect that was no longer seen if the parasites were pre-incubated with the chelator and then washed. When the P-Tyr ecto-phosphatase of living T. ranged epimastigotes was irreversibly inactivated with sodium orthovanadate and the parasite cells were then injected into the insect thorax, colonization of the salivary glands was greatly depressed for several days after blood feeding. Addition of P-Tyr ecto-phosphatase substrates such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and P-Tyr inhibited the adhesion of T. rangeli to salivary glands, but P-Ser, P-Thr and beta-glycerophosphate were completely ineffective. Immunoassays using anti-P-Tyr-residues revealed a large number of P-Tyr-proteins in extracts of R. prolixus salivary glands, which could be potentially targeted by T. rangeli during adhesion. These results indicate that dephosphorylation of structural P-Tyr residues on the gland cell surfaces, mediated by a P-Tyr ecto-phosphatase of the parasite, is a key event in the interaction between T. rangeli and R. prolixus salivary glands. (C) 2012 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)Carlos Chagas Filho Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (FAPERJ)Carlos Chagas Filho Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (FAPERJ)Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)National Institutes of Science and Technology, BrazilNational Institutes of Science and Technology, Brazi