167 research outputs found
Investigating Acute Montipora White Syndrome in KÄneâohe Bay, Oâahu: Causative Agents, Putative Environmental Drivers, and the Importance of Host Health.
Ph.D. Thesis. University of HawaiÊ»i at MÄnoa 2017
Assessment of disease lesion removal as a method to control chronic Montipora white syndrome
Coral colonies in Kaâneâohe Bay, Hawaiâi (USA), are afflicted with the tissue loss disease chronic Montipora white syndrome (cMWS). Here we show that removal of chronic disease lesions is a potential method to slow the progression of cMWS in M. capitata. Over the 24 wk observation period, treatment colonies lost almost half the amount of tissue that was lost by control colonies. The percentage of tissue loss at each sampling interval (mean ± SEM; treatment: 1.17 ± 0.47%, control: 2.25 ± 0.63%) and the rate of tissue loss per day (treatment: 0.13 ± 0.04%, control: 0.27 ± 0.08%) were both significantly lower on treated colonies than control colonies. While lesion removal stopped tissue loss at the initial infection site, which allowed colony healing, it did not prevent re-infection; in all but one of the treated colonies, new cMWS lesions appeared in other areas of the colony but not around the treatment margins. Additionally, the rate of new infections was similar between treatment and control colonies, indicating that physical injury from lesion removal did not appear to increase cMWS susceptibility. These results indicate that lesion removal reduced morbidity in M. capitata exhibiting cMWS but did not stop the disease
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas sp. Strain OCN003, Isolated from KÄneÊ»ohe Bay, OÊ»ahu, Hawaii
Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain OCN003 is a marine gammaproteobacterium that was isolated from a diseased colony of the common Hawaiian reef coral, Montipora capitata, found on a reef surrounding Moku o LoÊ»e in KÄneÊ»ohe Bay, Hawaii. Here, we report the complete genome of Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain OCN003
First Record of Black Band Disease in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Response, Outbreak Status, Virulence, and a Method of Treatment
A high number of coral colonies, Montipora spp., with progressive tissue loss were reported
from the north shore of Kauaâi by a member of the Eyes of the Reef volunteer reporting network.
The disease has a distinct lesion (semi-circular pattern of tissue loss with an adjacent
dark band) that was first observed in Hanalei Bay, Kauaâi in 2004. The disease, initially
termed Montipora banded tissue loss, appeared grossly similar to black band disease
(BBD), which affects corals worldwide. Following the initial report, a rapid response was initiated
as outlined in Hawaiâiâs rapid response contingency plan to determine outbreak status
and investigate the disease. Our study identified the three dominant bacterial constituents
indicative of BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing
bacteria) in coral disease lesions from Kauaâi, which provided the first evidence of BBD in
the Hawaiian archipelago. A rapid survey at the alleged outbreak site found disease to affect
6-7% of the montiporids, which is higher than a prior prevalence of less than 1% measured
on Kauaâi in 2004, indicative of an epizootic. Tagged colonies with BBD had an
average rate of tissue loss of 5.7 cm2/day over a two-month period. Treatment of diseased
colonies with a double band of marine epoxy, mixed with chlorine powder, effectively reduced
colony mortality. Within two months, treated colonies lost an average of 30% less tissue
compared to untreated controls
Pseudoalteromonas piratica sp. nov., a budding, prosthecate bacterium from diseased Montipora capitata, and emended description of the genus Pseudoalteromonas
A Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated OCN003T was cultivated from mucus taken from a diseased colony of the coral Montipora capitata in KÄneâohe Bay, Oâahu, Hawaiâi. Colonies of OCN003T were pale yellow, 1â3 mm in diameter, convex, smooth and entire. The strain was heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and strictly halophilic. Cells of OCN003T produced buds on peritrichous prosthecae. Growth occurred within the pH range of 5.5 to 10, and the temperature range of 14 to 39 °C. Major fatty acids were 16 : 1!7c, 16 : 0, 18 : 1!7c, 17 : 1!8c, 12 : 0 3-OH and 17 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis of 1399 nucleotides of the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence and a multi-locus sequence analysis of three genes placed OCN003T in the genus Pseudoalteromonas and indicated that the nearest relatives described are Pseudoalteromonas spongiae, P. luteoviolacea, P. ruthenica and P. phenolica (97â99 % sequence identity). The DNA G+C content of the strainâs genome was 40.0 mol%. Based on in silico DNAâDNA hybridization and phenotypic differences from related type strains, we propose that OCN003T represents the type strain of a novel species in the genus Pseudoalteromonas, proposed as Pseudoalteromonas piratica sp. nov. OCN003T (=CCOS1042T =CIP 111189T ). An emended description of the genus Pseudoalteromonas is presented
Synthesis of trace element bearing single crystals of Chlor-Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) using the flux growth method
We present a new strategy on how to synthesize trace-element bearing (REE, Sr) chlorapatites Ca5(PO4)3Cl using the flux growth method. Synthetic apatites were up to several mm long, light blue in colour. The apatites were characterized using XRD, electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICPMS) techniques and contained several hundred ÎŒg/g La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd and Lu and about 1700 ÎŒg/g Sr. The analyses indicate that apatites were homogenous (within the uncertainties) for major and trace elements
Profiling Volatile Emissions from Sewage Sludge Land-Applied Across Washington State (USA) Using Headspace Sampling with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Determination
https://scholar.dsu.edu/research-symposium/1012/thumbnail.jp
Pressure-temperature evolution of primordial solar system solids during impact-induced compaction
Prior to becoming chondritic meteorites, primordial solids were a poorly consolidated mix of mm-scale igneous inclusions (chondrules) and high-porosity sub-ÎŒm dust (matrix). We used high-resolution numerical simulations to track the effect of impact-induced compaction on these materials. Here we show that impact velocities as low as 1.5âkmâsâ1 were capable of heating the matrix to >1,000âK, with pressureâtemperature varying by >10âGPa and >1,000âK over ~100âÎŒm. Chondrules were unaffected, acting as heat-sinks: matrix temperature excursions were brief. As impact-induced compaction was a primary and ubiquitous process, our new understanding of its effects requires that key aspects of the chondrite record be re-evaluated: palaeomagnetism, petrography and variability in shock level across meteorite groups. Our data suggest a lithification mechanism for meteorites, and provide a âspeed limitâ constraint on major compressive impacts that is inconsistent with recent models of solar system orbital architecture that require an early, rapid phase of main-belt collisional evolution
Using historical accounts of harpsichord touch to empirically investigate the production and perception of dynamics on the 1788 Taskin.
This article investigates the extent of production and perception of dynamic differences on a French historical harpsichord, extensively revised in 1788 by Pascal Taskin. A historical review reports on the descriptions of two different types of touch found in treatises of the 18th century. These two touches (loud/struck and soft/pressed) were used to perform single tones on the lower, upper, peau de buïŹe (PDB) registers (the last of which Taskin is credited with having invented) and the coupled 8-foot registers to investigate differences in dynamics. Acoustic measurements show varied differences of up to 11 dB for the two types of touch over different pitches in each register. The strongest difference is measured in the first harmonic of note F2 on the PDB. A listening experiment was conducted to test whether these differences are perceivable. Participants performed a discrimination task using pairs of single tones. Participants were able to perform significantly better than chance in correctly identifying whether pairs of single tones were same or different with respect to loudness [t(24) = 12.01, p < 0.001]. Accuracies were influenced by pitch and register, the PDB providing the strongest accuracies over the four registers tested
- âŠ