931 research outputs found
B743: Primary Health Care and the Developmentally Disabled: An Analysis of the Normalization Principle in the State of Maine
At the time of publication, there existed an estimated group of 10 million American people defined as developmentally disabled. Stimulated in part by the often observed dehumanizing environment of institutional arrangement for the mentally disabled, the search for more humane treatment and management alternative has pointed in the direction of what has been termed \u27 normalization.
In 1969, the Danish Mental Retardation Service defined normalization as \u27\u27 letting the mentally retarded obtain an existence as close to normal as possible.
The focus of this study is on barriers to the normalization principle in the provision of primary health care to the developmentally disabled in the State of Maine. Possible barriers include attitudes toward the developmentally disabled, accessibility and quality of community based services, and lack of viable coordination mechanisms. Since 1971, the Maine Department of Mental Health and Corrections has made a concerted effort to encourage services based upon the principle of normalization. As pressures for normalization intensify, it seems warranted that those community-based structures which carry out the concept be examined as to their receptivity and the feasibility of further efforts in this direction. Although the principle of normalization has demonstrated its usefulness and potential, it is not without its limitations (Mesibov 1976). This study made no attempt to examine these limitations of the principle itself.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1127/thumbnail.jp
CR3 and Dectin-1 Collaborate in Macrophage Cytokine Response through Association on Lipid Rafts and Activation of Syk-JNK-AP-1 Pathway
Copyright: Ā© 2015 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Second Core Laboratory of Research Core Facility at the National Taiwan University Hospital for confocal microscopy service and providing ultracentrifuge. We thank Dr. William E. Goldman (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC) for kindly providing WT and ags1-null mutant of H. capsulatum G186A. Funding: This work is supported by research grants 101-2320-B-002-030-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (http://www.most.gov.tw) and AS-101-TP-B06-3 from Academia Sinica (http://www.sinica.edu.tw) to BAWH. GDB is funded by research grant 102705 from Welcome Trust (http://www.wellcome.ac.uk). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, June 1967
President\u27s Message
Officers and Committee Chairman
Financial Report
Report to Alumnae Association
Nursing Service Report
Operating Room Report
School of Practical Nursing Report
School of Nursing Report
President Herbert\u27s Address (abstracted)
Report from Africa
Student Activities
Nursing Service Staff Association
Resume of Alumnae Meetings
Way and Means Report
Social Committee
Building Fund Report
Class News
Notice
Effects of Exposure to Community Violence and Family Violence on School Functioning Problems among Urban Youth: The Potential Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Adolescents who are exposed to violence during childhood are at an increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. The literature suggests that violence exposure might also have negative effects on school functioning, and that PTS might serve as a potential mediator in this association. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend prior research by examining PTS symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between two types of violence exposure and school functioning problems among ado- lescent youth from an urban setting. Participants included a sample of 121 junior high and high school students (M = 15 years; range = 13ā16 years; 60 males, 61 females) within high-crime neighborhoods. Consistent with our hypotheses, community violence and fam- ily violence were associated with PTS symptoms and school functioning problems. Our data suggest that community and family violence were indirectly related to school func- tioning problems through PTS symptoms. Findings from this study demonstrate that PTS symptoms potentially mediate the relationship between violence exposure and school functioning problems across two settings (community and home). Future research should further examine protective factors that can prevent youth violence exposure as well as negative outcomes related to violence
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Costs of streamlined HIV care delivery in rural Ugandan and Kenyan clinics in the SEARCH Studys.
OBJECTIVES/DESIGN:As antiretroviral therapy (ART) rapidly expands in sub-Saharan Africa using new efficient care models, data on costs of these approaches are lacking. We examined costs of a streamlined HIV care delivery model within a large HIV test-and-treat study in Uganda and Kenya. METHODS:We calculated observed per-person-per-year (ppy) costs of streamlined care in 17 health facilities in SEARCH Study intervention communities (NCT: 01864603) via micro-costing techniques, time-and-motion studies, staff interviews, and administrative records. Cost categories included salaries, ART, viral load testing, recurring goods/services, and fixed capital/facility costs. We then modeled costs under three increasingly efficient scale-up scenarios: lowest-cost ART, centralized viral load testing, and governmental healthcare worker salaries. We assessed the relationship between community-specific ART delivery costs, retention in care, and viral suppression. RESULTS:Estimated streamlined HIV care delivery costs were 117/ppy for TDF/3TC/EFV [40%]) and viral load testing (51/ppy), recurring costs (7/ppy). Optimized ART scale-up with lowest-cost ART (24/ppy), and governmental healthcare salaries (163/ppy. We found clinic-to-clinic heterogeneity in retention and viral suppression levels versus streamlined care delivery costs, but no correlation between cost and either retention or viral suppression. CONCLUSIONS:In the SEARCH Study, streamlined HIV care delivery costs were similar to or lower than prior estimates despite including viral load testing; further optimizations could substantially reduce costs further. These data can inform global strategies for financing ART expansion to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets
Status of the CRESST Dark Matter Search
The CRESST experiment aims for a detection of dark matter in the form of
WIMPs. These particles are expected to scatter elastically off the nuclei of a
target material, thereby depositing energy on the recoiling nucleus. CRESST
uses scintillating CaWO4 crystals as such a target. The energy deposited by an
interacting particle is primarily converted to phonons which are detected by
transition edge sensors. In addition, a small fraction of the interaction
energy is emitted from the crystals in the form of scintillation light which is
measured in coincidence with the phonon signal by a separate cryogenic light
detector for each target crystal. The ratio of light to phonon energy permits
the discrimination between the nuclear recoils expected from WIMPs and events
from radioactive backgrounds which primarily lead to electron recoils. CRESST
has shown the success of this method in a commissioning run in 2007 and, since
then, further investigated possibilities for an even better suppression of
backgrounds. Here, we report on a new class of background events observed in
the course of this work. The consequences of this observation are discussed and
we present the current status of the experiment.Comment: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature
Detectors, 4 pages, 3 figure
Composite CaWO4 Detectors for the CRESST-II Experiment
CRESST-II, standing for Cryogenic Rare Events Search with Superconducting
Thermometers phase II, is an experiment searching for Dark Matter. In the LNGS
facility in Gran Sasso, Italy, a cryogenic detector setup is operated in order
to detect WIMPs by elastic scattering off nuclei, generating phononic lattice
excitations and scintillation light. The thermometers used in the experiment
consist of a tungsten thin-film structure evaporated onto the CaWO4 absorber
crystal. The process of evaporation causes a decrease in the scintillation
light output. This, together with the need of a big-scale detector production
for the upcoming EURECA experiment lead to investigations for producing
thermometers on smaller crystals which are glued onto the absorber crystal. In
our Run 31 we tested composite detectors for the first time in the Gran Sasso
setup. They seem to produce higher light yields as hoped and could provide an
additional time based discrimination mechanism for low light yield clamp
events.Comment: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Low
Temperature Detectors 4 pages, 9 figure
Novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field RNA samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts.
We investigated whether small RNA (sRNA) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (Diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using sRNAs sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total RNA deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. Using this strategy, we sequenced from adult Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chronic bee paralysis virus, and, from a pool of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus mosquitoes, a nearly complete entomobirnavirus genome. We also reconstructed long sequences (1503-6557 nt) related to at least nine other viruses. Crucially, several of the sequences detected were reconstructed from host organisms highly divergent from those in which related viruses have been previously isolated or discovered. It is clear that viral transmission and maintenance cycles in nature are likely to be significantly more complex and taxonomically diverse than previously expected
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