Kognitive Linguistik, Metaphernanalyse und die Alltagspsychologie des Tabakkonsums

'Der Aufsatz stellt die kognitive Linguistik nach Lakoff und Johnson kurz vor, skizziert die davon abgeleitete systematische Metaphernanalyse als qualitative Forschungsmethode, und benennt mit Beispielen aus Interviews zum sozial integrierten Tabakkonsum Übereinstimmungen und Abgrenzungen zur Konzeption einer Alltagspsychologie nach Fritz Heider und Jerome Bruner.' (Autorenreferat)'The article introduces the theory of cognitive linguistics following Lakoff and Johnson and the connected development of the systematic analysis of metaphor as a method of qualitative research. Correspondences with and demarcations against the folk psychologies of Heider and Bruner are discussed with the help of examples from interviews about smoking.' (author's abstract)

Overexpression of the urokinase receptor splice variant uPAR-del4/5 in breast cancer cells affects cell adhesion and invasion in a dose-dependent manner and modulates transcription of tumor-associated genes

mRNA levels of the urokinase receptor splice variant uPAR-del4/5 are associated with prognosis in breast cancer. Its overexpression in cancer cells affects tumor biologically relevant processes. In the present study, individual breast cancer cell clones displaying low vs. high uPAR-del4/5 expression were analyzed demonstrating that uPAR-del4/5 leads to reduced cell adhesion and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was found to be strongly upregulated in uPAR-del4/5 overexpressing compared to vector control cells. uPAR-del4/5 may thus play an important role in the regulation of the extracellular proteolytic network and, by this, influence the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells

Alginate/silica hybrid materials for immobilization of green microalgae \u3ci\u3eChlorella vulgaris\u3c/i\u3e for cellbased sensor arrays

Thin layers and patterned dot arrays of sodium alginate containing living microalgal cells were deposited onto glass carriers which were subsequently gelled using amino-functionalized silica sol to obtain reinforced alginate hydrogels. The resulting alginate/silica hybrid materials showed improved stability in salt-containing solutions compared to alginate gels gelled by traditional methods using Ca2+-ions. Cell arrays were patterned by printing nanolitre-scale drops of sodium alginate/cell suspension using a noncontact micro-dosage system which allows the printing of solutions of high viscosity. Cultures of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were immobilized within the newly developed alginate/silica hydrogels in order to demonstrate the potential of the hybrid matrix for the design of cell-based detection systems. The herbicide atrazine as well as copper ions have been used as model toxicants. Short-term toxicity tests (exposure time: 1 h) have been carried out using atrazine and changes in chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured by imaging pulse amplitude modulated-fluorometry (Imaging-PAM). C. vulgaris cells immobilized within alginate/silica hydrogels demonstrated a highly reproducible response pattern and compared well to freely suspended cells. Activity and response sensitivity of immobilized cells to atrazine was largely maintained for up to 8 weeks, especially when stored under cool conditions in the dark. Furthermore, immobilized cells could be repeatingly used for short-term toxicity tests as atrazine produces a reversible inhibition of photosynthesis

Alginate/silica hybrid materials for immobilization of green microalgae \u3ci\u3eChlorella vulgaris\u3c/i\u3e for cellbased sensor arrays

Thin layers and patterned dot arrays of sodium alginate containing living microalgal cells were deposited onto glass carriers which were subsequently gelled using amino-functionalized silica sol to obtain reinforced alginate hydrogels. The resulting alginate/silica hybrid materials showed improved stability in salt-containing solutions compared to alginate gels gelled by traditional methods using Ca2+-ions. Cell arrays were patterned by printing nanolitre-scale drops of sodium alginate/cell suspension using a noncontact micro-dosage system which allows the printing of solutions of high viscosity. Cultures of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were immobilized within the newly developed alginate/silica hydrogels in order to demonstrate the potential of the hybrid matrix for the design of cell-based detection systems. The herbicide atrazine as well as copper ions have been used as model toxicants. Short-term toxicity tests (exposure time: 1 h) have been carried out using atrazine and changes in chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured by imaging pulse amplitude modulated-fluorometry (Imaging-PAM). C. vulgaris cells immobilized within alginate/silica hydrogels demonstrated a highly reproducible response pattern and compared well to freely suspended cells. Activity and response sensitivity of immobilized cells to atrazine was largely maintained for up to 8 weeks, especially when stored under cool conditions in the dark. Furthermore, immobilized cells could be repeatingly used for short-term toxicity tests as atrazine produces a reversible inhibition of photosynthesis

Modelo ecológico del abandono estudiantil en la educación superior: una propuesta metodológica orientada a la construcción de una tesis

El estudio presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca del abandono estudiantil en la Educación Superior orientada a la construcción de una propuesta metodológica para analizar y profundizar el tema basado en una concepción ecológica y ambiental de comprensión del fenómeno. El corpus de análisis consistió en la revisión de trabajos presentados en la Primera y Segunda Conferencia Latinoamericana sobre el Abandono en la Educación Superior (I y II CLABES). De un total de 97 trabajos en las dos ediciones del evento, fueron analizados en profundidad los 31 trabajos correspondientes a la línea temática 1 – “El Abandono en la Educación Superior” y “Posibles causas y factores influyentes en el abandono”. Además de ellos se utilizó una compilación de clásicos sobre el tema y material seleccionado en el repertorio bibliográfico del proyecto Alfa GUIA, los cuales totalizaron otros 25 trabajos. El análisis realizado posibilitó identificar 89 variablesasociadasal abandono estudiantil en la Educación Superior. Para el fin de este estudio, las variables fueron clasificados en las siguientes dimensiones: 1) Personales; 2) Académicas; 3) Socioeconómicas; 4) Institucionales; 5) Profesionales; y 6) Relacionales. La organización de las dimensiones y variables aportadas fue realizada según el Modelo Ecológico del Desarrollo Humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner, el cual ofrece herramientas conceptuales para analizar las interacciones entre el sujeto y sus diferentes niveles ambientales. Según esta teoría el entorno social puede ser comprendido a partir de cuatro subsistemas distintos y subsecuentes: el microsistema, mesosistema, exosistema y el macrosistema. Estos niveles están también integrados por un cronosistema y un globosistema, una vez que la dinámica de los procesos individuales y grupales está siempre mediada por el tiempo histórico y la influencia del sistema global en los niveles locales. En esta perspectiva se busca articular las dimensiones y motivos del abandono estudiantil identificados, de tal manera a situarlos en un mapa diagramático y conceptual que fundamenta futuros análisis y estudios. El modelo propuesto ha demostrado un potencial para avanzar en la comprensión del fenómeno y basado en él se ha construido la orientación metodológica para la elaboración de una tesis de doctorado. Considerado las características complejas del fenómeno, el modelo ofrece una comprensión de los ambientes más o menos inmediatos en el cual está inserido el académico, permitiendo focalizar los puntos de dificultades, favorecimiento y apoyo que se generan en los distintos niveles para sostenibilidad del estudiante en la carrera

Permanencia Estudiantil En La Educación Superior: Un Estudio Metateorico Basado En La Bioecología Del Desarrollo Humano

El estudio se caracteriza como una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio, cuyo objetivo busca analizar e integrar diferentes modelos explicativos sobre permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior, tales como los propuestos por Vincent Tinto, John Bean, Alexander Astin, Ernest Pascarella, Alan Seidman, Alberto Cabrera, entre otros investigadores. La conducción metodológica llevó a cabo la realización de un estudio metateórico, basado en los presupuestos analíticos delineados por Ritzer. La base interpretativa utilizada estuvo centrada en la concepción de la bioecología del desarrollo humano, en la perspectiva de los estudios de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Los resultados primarios destacan la identificación de 33 aspectos convergentes, asociados a la permanencia estudiantil, encontrados en los modelos explicativos. Tales aspectos fueron clasificados en cuatro bloques, en acuerdo con los ejes fundamentales de la teoría bioecológica – el modelo PPCT: Persona – Proceso – Contexto – Tiempo, los cuales mostraron coherencia y elevada capacidad integrativa. El estudio busca contribuir para establecer una comprensión socio ambiental estratificada, a partir de un modelo multinivel, una vez que distintos ambientes socioculturales producen diferentes mecanismos de influencia en la trayectoria de los estudiantes, desde los más próximos a los más ajenos. Se concluye que los modelos teóricos analizados presentan un importante potencial integrativo, de tal manera que la asociación entre perspectivas sociológicas y psicológicas se muestra favorable en el sentido de ampliar la visión sobre el campo teórico. Las evidencias apuntadas posibilitan pensar que la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano presenta potencial para avanzar en la comprensión del fenómeno de la permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior, siendo su principal virtud la capacidad de integrar diferentes abordajes y su principal potencia, la posibilidad de evidenciar las múltiples influencias socioambientales

Analyse der Virulenzsituation des Roggenschwarzrostes (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) im ökologischen Landbau zur Züchtung resistenten Roggens

Organic Agriculture is especially affected by the increasing spread of stem rust in rye (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) because there is a lack of resistant cultivars in Germany. To analyze the virulence situation of rye stem rust, 71 single-pustule-isolates were established and 30 of those were tested with a differential set consisting of 19 lines. The isolates could be classified into 22 different pathotypes. Only seven pathotypes could be found more than once. Most of the isolates showed a complexity of five virulences. In a preliminary analysis a Simpson index of 0,98 was found indicating a high level of diversity of German stem rust populations. Nine of 19 tested lines reacted fully resistant in seedling stage. In 2011, 70 and 30 rye populations, were cultivated under organic conditions at three and five field sites, respectively, to determine the level of adult-plant resistance. The most common cultivars Recrut, Conduct, Amilo, Firmament®, Lichtkornroggen®, Rolipa, and Lautenbacher were highly susceptible to stem rust under artificial infection with disease severities of about 50%. Twelve rye populations contained resistant plants in varying frequencies resulting in disease severities ranging from 6-34%

Intravenous tocilizumab for the treatment of giant cell arteritis: a phase Ib dose-ranging pharmacokinetic bridging study.

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ SC) is approved globally for giant cell arteritis (GCA). This phase Ib study investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and exploratory efficacy of intravenous (IV) TCZ 6 and 7 mg/kg in patients with GCA. This study explored an IV dose resulting in a minimum exposure level within the range of effective trough concentrations achieved with TCZ SC dosing in GCA and not exceeding the exposure of the well-tolerated 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (Q4W) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients with GCA who had received ≥ 5 doses of TCZ IV 8 mg/kg Q4W and achieved remission were enrolled. Patients received 5 doses of TCZ IV 7 mg/kg Q4W in period 1 and, if still in remission, 5 doses of 6 mg/kg Q4W in period 2. Pharmacokinetic endpoints were maximum concentration (Cmax), minimum concentration (Ctrough), area under the curve over a dosing interval (AUCτ), and mean concentration (Cmean) of TCZ after the last dose of each period. Other endpoints included pharmacodynamic markers, safety, and exploratory efficacy. RESULTS In 24 patients, the median (range) age was 65.5 (57-90) years, and 62.5% were female. TCZ exposures (Cmax and AUCτ) were 11.2% and 20.0% lower at the 6- than 7-mg/kg dose. The mean interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum concentrations were elevated at baseline and remained elevated, with slightly higher concentrations in period 1 than in period 2. The mean serum soluble IL-6 receptor concentrations were elevated at baseline and comparable between the 2 doses at steady state. C-reactive protein levels and most erythrocyte sedimentation rates were within normal ranges throughout the study. Overall, 22 patients (91.7%) had ≥ 1 adverse event, and 4 (16.7%) had a serious adverse event. No patients experienced a GCA flare, and all remained in remission throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Both doses of TCZ IV Q4W were generally well tolerated in patients with GCA. The Cmax and Cmean achieved with 6 mg/kg IV Q4W in patients with GCA were similar to those in patients with RA treated with 8 mg/kg IV Q4W, and Ctrough was within the range observed in patients with GCA treated with SC dosing every week or every 2 weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03923738