Former à l'enseignement de l'étude de la langue Que nous disent les pratiques déclarées des professeurs d'école débutants ? (2010). In CDROM du colloque Enseigner la grammaire en Francophonie : curricula, pratiques observées, formation des enseignants. Toulouse, 16-18 février 2010.

Notre communication rend compte d'un volet de la recherche INRP " L'enseignement de la langue dans les plans de formation initiale des enseignants du premier degré : comparaison entre IUFM et pays de la Francophonie " (2007-2010) co-dirigée par C. Garcia-Debanc et V. Paolacci et menée à l'IUFM de Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole interne de Toulouse II Le Mirail. Elle concerne les enseignants débutants en formation initiale et leur rapport avec l'enseignement de l'étude de la langue. Quelles représentations se font les stagiaires de l'enseignement grammatical ? Comment sont déclinés les curricula par des professeurs des Ecoles en formation initiale ? Que peut-on dire du curriculum effectivement enseigné par ces enseignants entrant dans le métier

Former à l'enseignement de l'étude de la langue Que nous disent les pratiques déclarées des professeurs d'école débutants ? (2010). In CDROM du colloque Enseigner la grammaire en Francophonie : curricula, pratiques observées, formation des enseignants. Toulouse, 16-18 février 2010.

Notre communication rend compte d'un volet de la recherche INRP " L'enseignement de la langue dans les plans de formation initiale des enseignants du premier degré : comparaison entre IUFM et pays de la Francophonie " (2007-2010) co-dirigée par C. Garcia-Debanc et V. Paolacci et menée à l'IUFM de Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole interne de Toulouse II Le Mirail. Elle concerne les enseignants débutants en formation initiale et leur rapport avec l'enseignement de l'étude de la langue. Quelles représentations se font les stagiaires de l'enseignement grammatical ? Comment sont déclinés les curricula par des professeurs des Ecoles en formation initiale ? Que peut-on dire du curriculum effectivement enseigné par ces enseignants entrant dans le métier

Spécifications et architecture d'un environnement Web supportant des activités coopératives d'apprentissage

Les actes peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivante : http://tice2002.insa-lyon.fr/fr/sommaire.htmlInternational audienc

An Attempt to Design an Information System Supporting Collaborative Problem-Based Learning Situations

International audienceWithin cooperative Information System (IS), Educational Engineering scientific community agree that Information must be organized and structured using ontologies that tire developers can manage with meta-data. We propose a dedicated IS based on these principles. In this paper we present a case study, a conceptual model of IS and we describe the main characteristics of such ail IS. This case study is representative of a collaborative learning based on Problem Based Learning Situation (PBLS) notion. Model, or rather models, take into account the static and dynamic aspects necessary for the description of learning processes: we formalize them with the UML language. Finally, we present the structural, the functional and the architectural aspects of this IS

Information Systems and Educational Engineering: Bridging Two Concepts through Meta Modelling

International audienceIn this article we present our work on the specification of a learning environment allowing a teacher to implement co-operative learning situations (CLS) based on the notion of situational problems. To this end, we approach the specifications of our environment based on a meta-model that we define to support CLS

Information Modelling within a Net-Learning Environment

International audienceWithin cooperative Information System (IS), Educational Engineering scientific community agrees that Information must be organised and structured using ontologies that the developers can manage with meta-data. So, we propose some UML based models and a specific metadata structure dedicated to Educational IS. In this paper we present a Net-Learning case study, a conceptual model of Educational IS and we describe the main characteristics of such an IS. This case study is representative of collaborative learning notions. Model, or rather models, take into account the static and dynamic aspects necessary for the description of learning processes: we formalize them with the UML language. Finally, we detail the structural aspects of this IS

Modelling agricultural ammonia emissions : impact on particulate matter formation

In March and April 2007, the forecasts delivered in France by the chemical transport model (CTM) CHIMERE, within the operational platform for air quality monitoring and forecasting PREV'AIR, were significantly underestimating PM10 levels in the boundary layer during intense episodes. The origin of such event was first investigated analyzing observations of the PM10 speciation. It was found a lack of ammonium nitrate in the modeled aerosol composition. This was interpreted as a wrong estimate of ammonia emissions. Agriculture is the main source of anthropogenic ammonia emissions. Ammonia reacts with sulfuric and nitric acids to form ammonium sulfate and nitrate aerosols. Under favourable meteorological conditions, ammonium nitrate can contribute to high PM2.5 thus to PM10 concentrations (Walker et al., 2004, Deutsch et al., 2008), which have been linked to a range of adverse health effects (Pope et al., 2009). The estimation of ammonia emissions is associated with large uncertainties and its availability is considered to be the most uncertain factor controlling the model performance in the calculation of secondary nitrate aerosol (Hass et al., 2003, Schaap et al., 2003, Schaap et al., 2004). To improve the existent approach which is not fully satisfying in terms of model performances regarding PM10 in spring, a coupling process has been built between CHIMERE and a mechanistic VOLT'AIR model computing the NH3 Methods volatilization

Improving ammonia emissions in air quality modelling for France

We have implemented a new module to improve the representation of ammonia emissions from agricultural activities in France with the objective to evaluate the impact of such emissions on the formation of particulate matter modelled with the air quality model CHIMERE. A novel method has been set up for the part of ammonia emissions originating from mineral fertilizer spreading. They are calculated using the one dimensional 1D mechanistic model “VOLT’AIR” which has been coupled with data on agricultural practices, meteorology and soil properties obtained at high spatial resolution (cantonal level). These emissions display high spatiotemporal variations depending on soil pH, rates and dates of fertilization and meteorological variables, especiallysoil temperature. The emissions from other agricultural sources (animal housing, manure storage and organic manure spreading) are calculated using the national spatialised inventory (INS) recently developed in France. The comparison of the total ammonia emissions estimated with the new approach VOLT’AIR_INS with the standard emissions provided by EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) used currently in the CHIMERE model shows significant differences in the spatiotemporal distributions. The implementation of new ammonia emissions in the CHIMERE model has a limited impact on ammonium nitrate aerosol concentrations which only increase at most by 10% on the average for the considered spring period but this impact can be more significant for specific pollution episodes. The comparison of modelled PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm) and ammonium nitrate aerosol with observations shows that the use of the new ammonia emission method slightly improves the spatiotemporal correlation in certain regions and reduces the negative bias on average by 1 μg m−3. The formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol depends not only on ammonia concentrations but also on nitric acid availability, which is often a limiting factor in rural regions in France, and on meteorological conditions. The presented approach of ammonia emission calculation seems suitable for use in chemistry transport models