44 research outputs found
ResĂduos PlĂĄsticos: capacitando a comunidade sobre reciclagem
Anais do 35Âș SeminĂĄrio de ExtensĂŁo UniversitĂĄria da RegiĂŁo Sul - Ărea temĂĄtica: Meio AmbienteA reciclagem, se conduzida de forma correta, traz inĂșmeros
benefĂcios ambientais, sociais e econĂŽmicos. Nesse aspecto foi desenvolvido um
projeto de pesquisa pelo LAPAM para a reciclagem de resĂduos plĂĄsticos. Este
projeto contou com atividades de extensĂŁo de forma a capacitar selecionadores de
materiais reciclĂĄveis, comunidade acadĂȘmica e setor empresarial atravĂ©s de
treinamento teórico-pråtico e workshop. As capacitaçÔes permitiram o intercùmbio de
experiĂȘncias e conhecimentos, resultando na boa aceitação do pĂșblico-alv
Overfishing Works: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Lionfish Control Efforts between Bonaire and Curaçao
Projections of Future Demand and Costs of Aged Care Services in China
The growing demand for aged care services has become a pressing challenge worldwide. However, the future changes in demand for aged care services and the corresponding socioeconomic consequences in rapidly aging societies are not yet adequately understood. To achieve a better understanding of the future demand for aged care services, this study provides a set of comprehensive projections of the scale of demand for aged care services and the associated economic burdens between 2010 and 2050 in the context of China. Using a research framework based on the life cycle approach and a modified Personal Social Services Research Unit model, the study projects that the size of Chinese elderly population (i.e., aged â„ 60) demanding aged care services will grow considerably, reaching 127.4 million in 2050 and costing 2.6 trillion yuan (or 1.01% of Chinese gross domestic product). Home-/community-based care services will be the form of aged care most in demand by the 70.21 million Chinese elderly people in 2050, and the most needed types of aged care services will be feeding assistance. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that demand for and costs of aged care services are sensitive to the assumptions about patterns of elderly disability and the prices of aged care services. The projected growth in the future demand and costs of aged care services warrants more heightened attention from Chinese policymakers and providers of aged care services. The implications for other rapidly aging societies are also discussed
An Integrative Analysis Uncovers a New, Pseudo-Cryptic Species of Amazonian Marmoset (Primates: Callitrichidae: \u3cem\u3eMico\u3c/em\u3e) from the Arc of Deforestation
Amazonia has the richest primate fauna in the world. Nonetheless, the diversity and distribution of Amazonian primates remain little known and the scarcity of baseline data challenges their conservation. These challenges are especially acute in the Amazonian arc of deforestation, the 2500 km long southern edge of the Amazonian biome that is rapidly being deforested and converted to agricultural and pastoral landscapes. Amazonian marmosets of the genus Mico are little known endemics of this region and therefore a priority for research and conservation efforts. However, even nascent conservation efforts are hampered by taxonomic uncertainties in this group, such as the existence of a potentially new species from the JuruenaâTeles Pires interfluve hidden within the M. emiliae epithet. Here we test if these marmosets belong to a distinct species using new morphological, phylogenomic, and geographic distribution data analysed within an integrative taxonomic framework. We discovered a new, pseudo-cryptic Mico species hidden within the epithet M. emiliae, here described and named after Horacio Schneider, the pioneer of molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical primates. We also clarify the distribution, evolutionary and morphological relationships of four other Mico species, bridging Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls in the conservation of primates in the Amazonian arc of deforestation
Taxonomic review of Saguinus mystax (Spix, 1823) (Primates, Callitrichidae), and description of a new species
Although the Amazon has the greatest diversity of primates, there are still taxonomic uncertainties for many taxa, such as the species of the Saguinus mystax group. The most geographically broadly distributed and phenotypically diverse species in this group is S. mystax, and its phenotypic diversity has been recognized as three subspeciesâS. mystax mystax, S. mystax pileatus and S. mystax plutoâwith non-overlapping geographic distributions. In this sense, we carried out an extensive field survey in their distribution areas and used a framework of taxonomic hypothesis testing of genomic data combined with an integrative taxonomic decision-making framework to carry out a taxonomic revision of S. mystax. Our tests supported the existence of three lineages/species. The first species corresponds to Saguinus mystax mystax from the left bank of the JuruĂĄ River, which was raised to the species level, and we also discovered and described animals from the JuruĂĄâTefĂ© interfluve previously attributed to S. mystax mystax as a new species. The subspecies S. m. pileatus and S. m. pluto are recognized as a single species, under a new nomenclatural combination. However, given their phenotypic distinction and allopatric distribution, they potentially are a manifestation of an early stage of speciation, and therefore we maintain their subspecific designations
Ancient DNA of the Pygmy Marmoset Type Specimen \u3cem\u3eCebuella pygmaea\u3c/em\u3e (Spix, 1823) Resolves a Taxonomic Conundrum
The pygmy marmoset, the smallest of the anthropoid primates, has a broad distribution in Western Amazonia. Recent studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers. However, reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy, i.e., two subspecies, Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (Spix, 1823) and Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris (Lönnberg, 1940), was problematic given the uncertainty as to whether Spixâs pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea) was collected north or south of the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers, making it unclear to which of the two newly revealed species the name pygmaea would apply. Here, we present the first molecular data from Spixâs type specimen of Cebuella pygmaea, as well as novel mitochondrial genomes from modern pygmy marmosets sampled near the type locality (Tabatinga) on both sides of the river. With these data, we can confirm the correct names of the two species identified, i.e., C. pygmaea for animals north of the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers and C. niveiventris for animals south of these two rivers. Phylogenetic analyses of the novel genetic data placed into the context of cytochrome b gene sequences from across the range of pygmy marmosets further led us to re-evaluate the geographical distribution for the two Cebuella species. We dated the split of these two species to 2.54 million years ago. We discuss additional, more recent, subdivisions within each lineage, as well as potential contact zones between the two species in the headwaters of these rivers
How many Pygmy Marmoset (Cebuella Gray, 1870) species are there? A taxonomic re-appraisal based on new molecular evidence
The pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea, the smallest of the New World monkeys, has one of the largest geographical distributions of the Amazonian primates. Two forms have been recognized: Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (Spix, 1823), and C. p. niveiventris Lönnberg, 1940. In this study, we investigated if the separation of pygmy marmosets into these two clades can be corroborated by molecular data. We also examine and compare coloration of the pelage in light of the new molecular results. We analyzed the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and, for the first time for any Neotropical primate, we used a reduced representation genome sequencing approach (ddRADseq) to obtain data for recently collected, geographically representative samples from the Rio JapurĂĄ, a northern tributary of the Rio SolimĂ”es and from the JavarĂ, JutaĂ, JuruĂĄ, Madeira and Purus river basins, all tributaries south of the SolimĂ”es. We estimated phylogenies and diversification times under both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria. Our analysis showed two highly supported clades, with intraclade divergences much smaller than interclade divergences, indicating two species of Cebuella: one from the Rio JapurĂĄ and one to the south of SolimĂ”es. The interpretation of our results in light of the current taxonomy is not trivial however. Lönnberg stated that the type of Spixâs pygmy marmoset (type locality ânear Tabatingaâ) was obtained from the south of the SolimĂ”es, and his description of the distinct niveiventris from Lago Ipixuna, south of the SolimĂ”es and several kilometres east of Tabatinga, was based on a comparison with specimens that he determined as typical pygmaea that were from the upper Rio JuruĂĄ (south of the SolimĂ”es). As such it remains uncertain whether the name pygmaea should be applicable to the pygmy marmosets north of the Rio SolimĂ”es (Tabatinga type locality) or south (near Tabatinga but across the SolimĂ”es). Finally, our analysis of pelage coloration revealed three phenotypic forms: 1) south of the Rio Solimoes, 2) EirunepĂ©-Acre, upper JuruĂĄ basin; and 3) JapurĂĄ. More samples from both sides of SolimĂ”es in the region of Tabatinga will be necessary to ascertain the exact type locality for Spixâs pygmaea and to resolve the current uncertainties surrounding pygmy marmoset taxonomy
An integrative analysis uncovers a new, pseudo-cryptic species of Amazonian marmoset (Primates: Callitrichidae: Mico) from the arc of deforestation
Amazonia has the richest primate fauna in the world. Nonetheless, the diversity and distribution of Amazonian primates remain little known and the scarcity of baseline data challenges their conservation. These challenges are especially acute in the Amazonian arc of deforestation, the 2500 km long southern edge of the Amazonian biome that is rapidly being deforested and converted to agricultural and pastoral landscapes. Amazonian marmosets of the genus Mico are little known endemics of this region and therefore a priority for research and conservation efforts. However, even nascent conservation efforts are hampered by taxonomic uncertainties in this group, such as the existence of a potentially new species from the JuruenaâTeles Pires interfluve hidden within the M. emiliae epithet. Here we test if these marmosets belong to a distinct species using new morphological, phylogenomic, and geographic distribution data analysed within an integrative taxonomic framework. We discovered a new, pseudo-cryptic Mico species hidden within the epithet M. emiliae, here described and named after Horacio Schneider, the pioneer of molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical primates. We also clarify the distribution, evolutionary and morphological relationships of four other Mico species, bridging Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls in the conservation of primates in the Amazonian arc of deforestation
Ancient DNA of the pygmy marmoset type specimen Cebuella pygmaea (Spix, 1823) resolves a taxonomic conundrum
The pygmy marmoset, the smallest of the anthropoid primates, has a broad distribution in Western Amazonia. Recent studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers. However, reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy, i.e., two subspecies, Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (Spix, 1823) and Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris (Lönnberg, 1940), was problematic given the uncertainty as to whether Spixâs pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea) was collected north or south of the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers, making it unclear to which of the two newly revealed species the name pygmaea would apply. Here, we present the first molecular data from Spixâs type specimen of Cebuella pygmaea, as well as novel mitochondrial genomes from modern pygmy marmosets sampled near the type locality (Tabatinga) on both sides of the river. With these data, we can confirm the correct names of the two species identified, i.e., C. pygmaea for animals north of the Napo and SolimĂ”es-Amazonas rivers and C. niveiventris for animals south of these two rivers. Phylogenetic analyses of the novel genetic data placed into the context of cytochrome b gene sequences from across the range of pygmy marmosets further led us to re-evaluate the geographical distribution for the two Cebuella species. We dated the split of these two species to 2.54 million years ago. We discuss additional, more recent, subdivisions within each lineage, as well as potential contact zones between the two species in the headwaters of these rivers