Is Latin America Retreating From Individual Retirement Accounts?

In 1981, Chile initiated old-age pension reforms that introduced mandatory funded individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and moved away from public systems. Beginning in the 1990s, ten other Latin American countries followed in Chile’s wake. In recent years, even before the onset of the financial crisis, a second round of pension reforms was initiated to strengthen the public component and address the problems created by individual accounts. The most extreme case of retrenching is Argentina, where IRAs were eliminated for mandatory contributions in late 2008. This country has gone back to a traditional defined-benefit pay-as-you-go scheme. This brief reviews the two rounds of pension reforms to determine whether Latin American countries are moving away from individual pensions. Even though this region is quite heterogeneous, its labor markets and social security systems share some common features, such as a large informal economy and a variety of uncoordinated institutions providing old-age income protection. The 2008-2009 financial crisis and economic recession is posing new challenges to systems that have introduced IRAs.

Is Latin America retreating from individual retirement accounts?

This brief reviews two rounds of pension reforms in ten Latin American countries to determine whether they are moving away from individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Although the idea is provocative, we conclude that the notion of “moving away from IRAs” is insufficient to characterize the new politics of pension reform. As opposed to the politics of enactment of IRAs of the late twentieth century, pension reform in Latin America in recent years has combined significant comeback of public components in old-age income support with improvement of IRAs. Clearly, the policy prescriptions that were most influential during the first round of reforms in Latin America have been re-evaluated. The World Bank and other organizations that promoted IRAs have recognized that pension reform should pay more attention to poverty reduction, coverage and equity, and to protect participants from market risks. The experience and challenges faced by countries that introduced IRAs, the changes in policies by international financing institutions, and the recent financial volatility and heavy losses experienced in financial markets may have tempered the enthusiasm of other countries from applying the same type of reforms. Scholars and policymakers around the globe could benefit from looking closely at these changes in pension policy.pension reform; pension policy; social security; retirement; Latin America

Estatalidad efectiva. Reflexiones sobre el estado a partir de los aportes de Guillermo O’Donnell

[es] La obra de Guillermo O’Donnell se ocupó extensamente del estado, de la efectividad de su accionar y de su poder. Para O’Donnell, las manifestaciones estatales representan un observable clave de las democracias contemporáneas. Para el politólogo argentino, el estado no debe ser analizado sólo a partir de sus burocracias e instrumentos, sino principalmente a partir de la vigencia y efectividad del orden legal que establece y busca garantizar. El artículo analiza, con la ayuda del trabajo de O’Donnell, diversas cuestiones que giran alrededor de esta efectividad estatal: su poder infraestructural; el carácter inevitable, igualitario e intrasubjetivo del orden público, y la vinculación entre efectividad y capacidad estatal[en] Guillermo O’Donnell’s work paid extensive attention to the issue of State’s effectiveness and power. For O’Donnell, the State and its different expressions are key elements of contemporary democracies. For the Argentine political scientist, the State should not be studied observing only bureaucracies and its instruments, but contemplating principally the effectiveness of the established legal order that it seeks to guarantee. With the help of O’Donnell’s work, this paper overviews several issues around State effectiveness: its infrastructural power; the inevitable, egalitarian and intra-subjective character of public order; and the links between effectiveness and capacityUniversidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Conurbano; Argentin

La dimensión moral en el marxismo : la justicia distributiva en Marx y en los marxistas analíticos

El artículo aborda la dimensión moral en el marxismo desde el enunciado del concepto de justicia distributiva. La existencia explícita o implícita de una dimensión moral en el marxismo ha sido discutida en la bibliografía, sobre todo a partir del análisis de los propios textos de Marx. El artículo afirma la existencia de una noción transhistórica y absoluta de justicia en Marx y en el grupo de los marxistas analíticos, aunque en éstos últimos con distintas variantes.This paper deals with the moral dimension in Marxism, considering specifically the concept of distributive justice. The explicit or implicit existence of a moral dimension in marxism has been academically discussed, particularly with the analysis of Marx's own work. This paper underlines the existence of a transhistoric and absolute notion of justice in Marx and in the Analytical Marxists', although in the latter ones with several differences.Fil: Bertranou, Julián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociale

Determinantes del avance en los niveles de educación en Argentina Análisis empírico basado en un modelo probabilístico secuencial.

The objective of this paper is to study the education a person acquires and the determining factors of mentioned result. With this in mind, education is conceived as a sequential process of decisions. The educational categories that result from this process are incomplete primary, complete primary, incomplete secondary, complete secondary and higher level education. Based on data for 1997 from the Social Development Survey, a sequential logit model is applied, constructed from four conditional logit models used to estimate, respectively, the probability of completing primary school, attending secondary school, completing secondary school and attaining higher level education. The estimated results indicate that the socioeconomic characteristics are significant determinants of the education a person acquires and have important effects over the probabilities of meeting the different educational levels.

¿Está Latinoamérica alejándose de las cuentas individuales de pensiones?

En 1981, Chile inició una ronda de reformas a los sistemas de pensiones que introdujo cuentas individuales de pensión de tipo obligatorio, alejándose así de los sistemas públicos. A principios de los 1990s, otros diez países Latinoamericanos siguieron el ejemplo de Chile. En años recientes, incluso antes del comienzo de la crisis financiera, una segunda ronda de reformas de pensiones fue iniciada para fortalecer el componente público del sistema y enfrentar los problemas creados por las cuentas individuales. El caso más extremo de contracción es Argentina, donde las cotizaciones obligatorias a las cuentas individuales fueron eliminadas a finales de 2008, volviendo así a un plan tradicional de beneficios definidos bajo un esquema de reparto. Este nota de investigación analiza las dos rondas de reformas de pensiones en Latinoamérica para determinar si la región esta alejándose de las pensiones basadas en cuentas individuales. Aunque Latinoamérica es bastante heterogénea, sus mercados laborales y sus sistemas de seguridad social comparten características como una economía informal extensa y la desarticulación de una variedad de instituciones que proveen protección de los ingresos durante la vejez. A esto se le suma la crisis financiera y la recesión económica que está generando nuevos desafíos para los sistemas basados en cuentas individuales. In 1981, Chile initiated old-age pension reforms that introduced mandatory funded individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and moved away from public systems. Beginning in the 1990s, ten other Latin American countries followed in Chile’s wake. In recent years, even before the onset of the financial crisis, a second round of pension reforms was initiated to strengthen the public component and address the problems created by individual accounts. The most extreme case of retrenching is Argentina, where IRAs were eliminated for mandatory contributions in late 2008. This country has gone back to a traditional defined-benefit pay-as-you-go scheme. This brief reviews the two rounds of pension reforms to determine whether Latin American countries are moving away from individual pensions.1 Even though this region is quite heterogeneous, its labor markets and social security systems share some common features, such as a large informal economy and a variety of uncoordinated institutions providing old-age income protection. The 2008-2009 financial crisis and economic recession is posing new challenges to systems that have introduced IRAs

Revista de historia de las ideas. Ecuador, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana-Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, n. 8, Segunda época, 1987, 268 pp.

Fil: Jalif de Bertranou, Clara Alicia

En memoria de nuestro fundador: Diego F. Pró : una entrevista inédita

Fil: Jalif de Bertranou, Clara Alicia

Recepción y elaboración de la fenomenología en la Argentina

Fil: Jalif de Bertranou, Clara Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Filosofía Argentina y American

Fornet Betancourt, Raúl. Hacia una filosofía intercultural latinoamericana. Costa Rica, DEI., 1994.

Fil: Jalif de Bertranou, Clara Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Filosofía Argentina y American