192 research outputs found
Single cell analysis reveals the involvement of the long non-coding RNA Pvt1 in the modulation of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial network
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important players in the regulation of several aspects of cellular biology. For a better comprehension of their function, it is fundamental to determine their tissue or cell specificity and to identify their subcellular localization. In fact, the activity of lncRNAs may vary according to cell and tissue specificity and subcellular compartmentalization. Myofibers are the smallest complete contractile system of skeletal muscle influencing its contraction velocity and metabolism. How lncRNAs are expressed in different myofibers, participate in metabolism regulation and muscle atrophy or how they are compartmentalized within a single myofiber is still unknown. We compiled a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs expressed in skeletal muscle, associating the fiber-type specificity and subcellular location to each of them, and demonstrating that many lncRNAs can be involved in the biological processes de-regulated during muscle atrophy. We demonstrated that the lncRNA Pvt1, activated early during muscle atrophy, impacts mitochondrial respiration and morphology and affects mito/autophagy, apoptosis and myofiber size in vivo. This work corroborates the importance of lncRNAs in the regulation of metabolism and neuromuscular pathologies and offers a valuable resource to study the metabolism in single cells characterized by pronounced plasticity
Minor mutations in HIV protease at baseline and appearance of primary mutation 90M in patients for whom their first protease-inhibitor ntiretroviral regimens failed
The association between minor mutations in human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) protease at baseline and development
of common primary mutation 90M at virological failure (conferring
some resistance to all protease inhibitors [PIs]) was
evaluated in 93 previously drug-naive patients experiencing
failure of their first PI-based antiretroviral regimens. In logistic
regression analysis, the probability of accumulating a new 90M
mutation at virological failure was associated with the presence
at baseline of minor mutation 36I (naturally occurring in
âŒ25% of HIV clade B and in >80% of HIV non-clade-B viruses)
(adjusted odds ratio, 13.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.89â95.6];
P=.009) and, possibly, of 10I/V. This suggests a potential role
for the presence of 36I at baseline in predicting the appearance
of 90M at virological failure
Brown Tumour in a Patient with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Resistant to Medical Therapy: Case Report on Successful Treatment after Subtotal Parathyroidectomy
Brown tumour represents a serious complication of hyperparathyroidism.
Differential diagnosis, based on histological examination, is only presumptive and clinical, radiological and laboratory data are necessary for definitive diagnosis. Here we describe a case of a brown tumour localised in the maxilla due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a young women with chronic renal failure. Hemodialysis and pharmacological treatment were unsuccessful in controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism making it necessary to proceed with a subtotal parathyroidectomy. The proper timing of the parathyroidectomy and its favourable effect on regression of the brown tumor made it possible to avoid a potentially disfiguring surgical removal of the brown tumor
Impact of depression on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Aims: Depression has been identified as a risk factor for an
adverse prognosis and reduced survival in patients with
acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The number of endothelial
progenitor cells (EPCs) is an independent predictor of
clinical outcomes in patients with ACS. The aim was to
evaluate the impact of depression on EPC levels in patients
with ACS.
Methods: Out of 74 ACS patients [23 non-ST-segment
elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), 48 STEMI], 36 had
a diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) according
to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th
edition (DSM-IV) criteria at the time of the inclusion in the
study. Control groups were as follows: 15 healthy
individuals and 18 patients with current MDE without a
history of cardiovascular diseases. EPCs were defined as
CD34RCD133RKDRR and evaluated by flow cytometry. All
patients underwent standardized cardiological and
psychopathological evaluations. Parametric and
nonparametric statistical tests were performed wherever
appropriate.
Results: ACS patients with MDE showed a significant
decrease in circulating EPC number compared with ACS
patients without MDE (P <0.001). The ACS study population
was then subdivided into STEMI and NSTEMI groups, and
inside each group again patients with MDE showed a
significant decrease in circulating CD34RCD133RKDRR
EPCs compared with others (P <0.001).
Conclusion: We showed that ACS patients with MDE
have a reduced number of circulating CD34RCD133RKDRR
cells compared with ACS patients without MDE, suggesting
that the presence of MDE reduces the response of bone
marrow to acute ischemic events. Considering the
reparative role of EPCs in ACS patients, we suppose that
patients with MDE might be protected less than patients
without MDE
Thoracic wall reconstruction with CollamendÂź in trauma: report of a case and review of the literature
Introduction: Despite progress in reconstructive techniques, rebuilding portions of the thorax remains challenging, in particular when large resections, contamination or infection are involved. No other cases of thoracic reconstruction in trauma patients with biological prosthesis have been described since now.Methods: We report a case of thoracic reconstruction in highly infected field in a trauma patient. We also performed a literature review about the topic.Conclusion: CollamendŸ demonstrated its usefulness in thoracic wall reconstruction even in trauma patients and infected fields. © 2012 Coccolini et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
Clinical correlates of complicated grief among individuals with acute coronary syndromes
OBJECTIVE:
The study aimed at exploring bereavement and complicated grief (CG) symptoms among subjects without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) at the time of a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to evaluate the relationship of CG symptoms and ACS.
METHOD:
Overall, 149 subjects with ACS (namely, acute myocardial infarct with or without ST-segment elevation or unstable angina), with no previous history of CHD, admitted to three cardiac intensive care units were included and evaluated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Complicated Grief (SCI-CG), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS-SF-36).
RESULTS:
Of the total sample of 149 subjects with ACS, 118 (79.2%) met criteria for DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder. Among these, subjects who lost a partner, child, or sibling were older (P=0.008), less likely to be working (P=0.032), and more likely to be suffering from hypertension (P=0.021), returned higher scores on the SCI-CG (P=0.001) and developed the index ACS more frequently between 12 and 48 months after the death than those who lost a parent or another relative (Pâ€0.0001). The occurrence of ACS 12-48 months (P=0.019) after the loss was positively correlated with SCI-CG scores. An inverse relationship with SCI-CG scores was observed for patients who experienced ACS more than 48 months after the loss (P=0.005). The SCI-CG scores significantly predicted lower scores on the "general health" domain of MOS-SF-36 (P=0.030), as well as lower scores on "emotional well-being" domain (P=0.010).
CONCLUSION:
A great proportion of subjects with ACS report the loss of a loved one. Among these, the loss of a close relative and the severity of CG symptoms are associated with poorer health status. Our data corroborate previous data indicating a strong relationship between CG symptoms and severe cardiac problems
Case Report Brown Tumour in a Patient with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Resistant to Medical Therapy: Case Report on Successful Treatment after Subtotal Parathyroidectomy
Brown tumour represents a serious complication of hyperparathyroidism. Differential diagnosis, based on histological examination, is only presumptive and clinical, radiological and laboratory data are necessary for definitive diagnosis. Here we describe a case of a brown tumour localised in the maxilla due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a young women with chronic renal failure. Hemodialysis and pharmacological treatment were unsuccessful in controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism making it necessary to proceed with a subtotal parathyroidectomy. The proper timing of the parathyroidectomy and its favourable effect on regression of the brown tumor made it possible to avoid a potentially disfiguring surgical removal of the brown tumor
Docking Analysis and Resistance Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Mutations Associated with the HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nevirapine, Efavirenz and Etravirine
n/
HCV genotypes are differently prone to the development of resistance to linear and macrocyclic protease inhibitors
Because of the extreme genetic variability of hepatitis C virus (HCV), we analyzed whether specific HCV-genotypes are differently prone to develop resistance to linear and macrocyclic protease-inhibitors (PIs)
Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study
Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (>= 65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <= 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off <= 70; 0-100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was -0.12 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men
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